FB2021_03, released June 15, 2021

Gene: Dmel\sqh

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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\sqh
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
spaghetti squash
Annotation Symbol
CG3595
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0003514
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
21 publicly available
Gene Summary
spaghetti squash (sqh) encodes the regulatory light chain of the nonmuscle type 2 myosin. Its phosphorylation through the Rho-Rho Kinase pathway is predicted to activate myosin motor activity. The product of sqh and myosin function in cellular processes such as cytokinesis, and also contribute to tissue morphogenesis. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

MRLC, myosin II, MyoII, myosin regulatory light chain, RLC

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
5E1-5E1
Sequence location
X:6,223,061..6,225,140 [-]
Recombination map
1-16
RefSeq locus
NC_004354 REGION:6223061..6225140
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
GO Summary Ribbons
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (38 terms)
Molecular Function (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables myosin heavy chain binding
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:zip; FB:FBgn0287873
(Franke et al., 2006)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables calcium ion binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002048
(assigned by InterPro )
(FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Biological Process (19 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (18 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in apical constriction involved in gastrulation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Vasquez et al., 2014)
involved_in border follicle cell migration
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Fulga and Rorth, 2002)
involved_in cell elongation involved in imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Widmann and Dahmann, 2009)
involved_in compartment boundary maintenance
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Ku and Sun, 2017)
involved_in cytoskeleton-dependent cytoplasmic transport, nurse cell to oocyte
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Nicolas et al., 2009)
involved_in formation of a compartment boundary
inferred from direct assay
(Monier et al., 2010)
involved_in imaginal disc-derived wing hair organization
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:fz; FB:FBgn0001085
(Winter et al., 2001)
involved_in mitotic cytokinesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Royou et al., 2004, Somma et al., 2002)
inferred from direct assay
(Dean and Spudich, 2006)
involved_in myosin II filament assembly
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Vasquez et al., 2014)
involved_in negative regulation of smoothened signaling pathway
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Liu et al., 2015)
involved_in nuclear axial expansion
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Royou et al., 2004)
involved_in positive regulation of border follicle cell migration
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:InR; FB:FBgn0283499
(Sharma et al., 2018)
involved_in regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Kunda et al., 2008)
involved_in regulation of tube length, open tracheal system
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Chung et al., 2009)
involved_in spiracle morphogenesis, open tracheal system
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Simoes et al., 2006)
involved_in syncytial embryo cellularization
inferred from expression pattern
(He et al., 2016)
involved_in tube formation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Nie et al., 2014)
involved_in wound healing
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Kakanj et al., 2016, Abreu-Blanco et al., 2011)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in actin filament-based movement
inferred by curator from GO:0016460
(Franke et al., 2006)
Cellular Component (17 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (17 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in actomyosin contractile ring actin filament
inferred from direct assay
(He et al., 2016)
colocalizes_with adherens junction
inferred from direct assay
(Zhang and Ward, 2011, Rauzi et al., 2010)
located_in apical cortex
inferred from direct assay
(He et al., 2016)
located_in apical part of cell
inferred from direct assay
(Nie et al., 2014)
located_in apical plasma membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Zhang and Ward, 2011)
located_in apicomedial cortex
inferred from direct assay
(Chung et al., 2017, Ku and Sun, 2017, Mason et al., 2013)
located_in cell cortex
inferred from direct assay
(Bardet et al., 2013, Royou et al., 2002)
colocalizes_with cell-cell junction
inferred from direct assay
(Ku and Sun, 2017, Tang et al., 2011)
located_in cellularization cleavage furrow invagination front
inferred from direct assay
(He et al., 2016)
located_in cleavage furrow
inferred from direct assay
(Zhang and Ward, 2011, Dean et al., 2005)
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Zhang and Ward, 2011, Dean et al., 2005)
located_in female germline ring canal inner rim
inferred from direct assay
(Nicolas et al., 2009)
located_in midbody
inferred from direct assay
(Dean et al., 2005)
part_of myosin II complex
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:zip; FB:FBgn0287873
(Franke et al., 2006)
colocalizes_with perinuclear region of cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Tang et al., 2011)
located_in plasma membrane
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Sarov et al., 2016)
inferred from direct assay
(Tang et al., 2011)
located_in spindle midzone
inferred from direct assay
(Dean et al., 2005)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Pathway (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
spaghetti squash (sqh) encodes the regulatory light chain of the nonmuscle type 2 myosin. Its phosphorylation through the Rho-Rho Kinase pathway is predicted to activate myosin motor activity. The product of sqh and myosin function in cellular processes such as cytokinesis, and also contribute to tissue morphogenesis. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
MYOSIN LIGHT CHAINS -
Myosin light chains (MLC) bind myosin heavy chains via an IQ motif in the neck region. They are involved in myosin motor-based movement along actin filaments, regulating ATP hydrolysis or providing a structural function. The calmodulins included in this group have been shown to act as MLCs. (Adapted from FBrf0134714).
Pathway (FlyBase)
Negative Regulators of Hedgehog Signaling Pathway -
Negative regulators of hedgehog signaling down-regulate the pathway, resulting in the repression of transcription of hh-responsive genes.
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Required for cytokinesis, could regulate contractile ring function.
(UniProt, P40423)
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
sqh: spaghetti squash (D. P. Kiehart)
The structural gene for cytoplasmic myosin light chain (Chang et al.) In the homozygous sqh1 mutant, the normally diploid larval tissues (e.g., brain, imaginal disc, and gonad) possess numerous polyploid cells resulting from an intermittent failure of cytokinesis. Repeated rounds of apparently normal mitosis without cytokinesis produce cells containing hundreds of chromosomes. The mutant is a late larval-early pupal lethal with an extended larval period (10-14 days), during which the brain grows to enormous size. Imaginal discs are small and poorly formed (Karess).
Summary (Interactive Fly)

EF-hand, calcium binding motif protein that serves as the regulatory light chain of nonmuscle myosin II

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
5
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\sqh for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.49

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Annotated transcripts do not represent all supported alternative splices within 5' UTR.

Gene model reviewed during 5.55

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
nuclear_gene
protein_coding_gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
sqh-RA
FBtr0070877
NM_078502
1117
174
sqh-RB
FBtr0339502
NM_001297999
1093
174
sqh-RC
FBtr0339503
NM_001298000
1403
174
sqh-RD
FBtr0339504
NM_001298001
1097
174
sqh-RE
FBtr0345294
NM_001298002
1024
174
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

1.2 (northern blot)

(Karess et al., 1991)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
RefSeq ID
GenBank
sqh-PA
FBpp0070842
20.0
174
4.40
NP_511057
AAF46132
sqh-PB
FBpp0308586
20.0
174
4.40
NP_001284928
AHN59399
sqh-PC
FBpp0308587
20.0
174
4.40
NP_001284929
AHN59400
sqh-PD
FBpp0308588
20.0
174
4.40
NP_001284930
AHN59401
sqh-PE
FBpp0311461
20.0
174
4.40
NP_001284931
AHN59402
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

174 aa isoforms: sqh-PA, sqh-PB, sqh-PC, sqh-PD, sqh-PE
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

174 (aa); 20 (kD)

(Karess et al., 1991)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Myosin is a hexamer of 2 heavy chains and 4 light chains.

(UniProt, P40423)
Post Translational Modification

Phosphorylation plays a central role in myosin regulation.

(UniProt, P40423)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records
 
UniProt
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\sqh using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Expression Summary Ribbons
Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.
For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.
Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 1 -- 3
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 4 -- 6
organism
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 7 -- 8
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 9 -- 10
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 5 -- 7
epithelial furrow

Comment: monophosphorylated and total sqh

(Zhang and Ward, 2011)
embryonic stage 10
stomodeum

Comment: diphosphorylated sqh

(Zhang and Ward, 2011)
embryonic stage 10 -- 11
proctodeum

Comment: diphosphorylated sqh

(Zhang and Ward, 2011)
embryonic stage 11
tracheal primordium

Comment: diphosphorylated sqh

(Zhang and Ward, 2011)
embryonic stage 12
epithelial cell

Comment: monophosphorylated and total sqh

(Zhang and Ward, 2011)
embryonic stage 12 -- 13
tracheal system

Comment: diphosphorylated sqh

(Zhang and Ward, 2011)
embryonic stage 13
epidermal cell

Comment: diphosphorylated sqh

(Zhang and Ward, 2011)
embryonic stage 14
embryonic/larval salivary gland

Comment: monophosphorylated and total sqh

(Zhang and Ward, 2011)
embryonic/larval pharynx

Comment: monophosphorylated and total sqh

(Zhang and Ward, 2011)
embryonic/larval foregut

Comment: monophosphorylated and total sqh

(Zhang and Ward, 2011)
embryonic/larval hindgut

Comment: monophosphorylated and total sqh

(Zhang and Ward, 2011)
embryonic/larval epidermis

Comment: monophosphorylated and total sqh

(Zhang and Ward, 2011)
larval ventral nerve cord

Comment: monophosphorylated and total sqh

(Zhang and Ward, 2011)
dorsal pouch

Comment: diphosphorylated sqh

(Zhang and Ward, 2011)
oogenesis stage S3 -- S10A
egg chamber
(Wang and Riechmann, 2007)
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult head
(Aradska et al., 2015)
day 7 of adulthood -- day 49 of adulthood
adult heart
(Cammarato et al., 2011)
Additional Descriptive Data

The distribution of monophosphorylated squ (designated Sqh1P) and diphosphorylated sqh (designated Sqh2P) were compared. In embryos, Sqh1P is fairly ubiquitously expressed and has a pattern that is indistinguishable from total sqh and zip. In cellularizing embryos, staining is observed at the leading edge of cleavage furrows. In gastrulating embryos, it is observed in the cytoplasm with enrichment near the basal membrane in dorsal and lateral cells with more apical enrichment in gastrulating cells. In stage 12 embryos, epithelial cells appear to be outlined. In the salivary gland Sqh1P is localized apically. In stage 14 embryos, high levels of Sqh1P are seen in the ventral nerve cord relative to the rest of the embryo and expression is also strong in the pharynx, foregut, hindgut and epidermis. Sqh2P is expressed in the invaginating stomodeum and proctodeum in stage 10 embryos. At stage 11, it is strongly expressed in the tracheal placodes and can still be observed in the proctodeal opening. In stage 12, Sqh2P is expressed in the invaginating tracheal metameres. At stage 13, it is expressed in the tracheal system as adjacent metemeres are fusing. It is also expressed strongly in epidermal cells that line the segmental boundary but not in intersegmental epidermal cells. Strong localization is seen at stage 14 in the dorsal pouch.

(Zhang and Ward, 2011)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in actomyosin contractile ring actin filament
inferred from direct assay
(He et al., 2016)
colocalizes_with adherens junction
inferred from direct assay
(Zhang and Ward, 2011, Rauzi et al., 2010)
located_in apical cortex
inferred from direct assay
(He et al., 2016)
located_in apical part of cell
inferred from direct assay
(Nie et al., 2014)
located_in apical plasma membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Zhang and Ward, 2011)
located_in apicomedial cortex
inferred from direct assay
(Chung et al., 2017, Ku and Sun, 2017, Mason et al., 2013)
located_in cell cortex
inferred from direct assay
(Bardet et al., 2013, Royou et al., 2002)
colocalizes_with cell-cell junction
inferred from direct assay
(Ku and Sun, 2017, Tang et al., 2011)
located_in cellularization cleavage furrow invagination front
inferred from direct assay
(He et al., 2016)
located_in cleavage furrow
inferred from direct assay
(Zhang and Ward, 2011, Dean et al., 2005)
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Zhang and Ward, 2011, Dean et al., 2005)
located_in female germline ring canal inner rim
inferred from direct assay
(Nicolas et al., 2009)
located_in midbody
inferred from direct assay
(Dean et al., 2005)
part_of myosin II complex
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:zip; FB:FBgn0287873
(Franke et al., 2006)
colocalizes_with perinuclear region of cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Tang et al., 2011)
located_in plasma membrane
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Sarov et al., 2016)
inferred from direct assay
(Tang et al., 2011)
located_in spindle midzone
inferred from direct assay
(Dean et al., 2005)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\sqh in GBrowse 2
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 12 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 58 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of sqh
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of sqh
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 4 )
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal
lethal, with sqh1
lethal, with sqhAE.EGFP
lethal, with sqhTA.EGFP
lethal | embryonic stage
lethal | embryonic stage | maternal effect
lethal | larval stage
lethal | recessive
lethal - all die before end of first instar larval stage | recessive
lethal - all die before end of larval stage | recessive
lethal - all die before end of pupal stage
lethal - all die before end of pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
partially lethal - majority die | recessive
viable
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
Sterility
Allele
fertile
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal axis specification | embryonic stage 15 | male limited
abnormal axis specification | embryonic stage 16 | male limited
abnormal axis specification | embryonic stage 17 | male limited
abnormal cell migration
abnormal cell polarity | embryonic stage, with sqh1
abnormal cell polarity | embryonic stage, with sqhAE.EGFP
abnormal cell polarity | embryonic stage, with sqhTA.EGFP
abnormal cell polarity | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
abnormal cell shape | somatic clone
abnormal cell shape | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4wor.PA
abnormal cytokinesis
abnormal cytokinesis | embryonic stage
abnormal cytokinesis | somatic clone
abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage
abnormal neuroanatomy | recessive | somatic clone
abnormal wound healing | recessive
decreased cell number | adult stage | somatic clone
decreased occurrence of cell division | adult stage | somatic clone
decreased occurrence of cell division | larval stage | somatic clone
short lived | calorie restriction conditional, with Scer\GAL4Cg.PA
short lived | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
some die during first instar larval stage | recessive
some die during larval stage | recessive
some die during pupal stage
some die during pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
wild-type
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
abdominal segment 8 anterior compartment | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4Abd-B-LDN
abdominal segment 8 anterior compartment | pupal stage | conditional
abdominal segment 8 anterior compartment | pupal stage | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Act.PU
adherens junction | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4Abd-B-LDN
adherens junction | pupal stage | conditional
adherens junction | pupal stage | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Act.PU
adult brain
adult mushroom body | somatic clone
antennal disc | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4hth-GETDB
border follicle cell
border follicle cell | somatic clone
centripetal follicle cell
cephalopharyngeal skeleton | germline clone
cyst cell of ovary | germline clone
denticle belt | germline clone
dorsal appendage
dorsal appendage | germline clone
egg
egg | germline clone
egg chamber
egg chamber | germline clone
egg chamber | somatic clone
embryo
embryo | gastrula stage, with sqh1
embryo | gastrula stage, with sqhAE.EGFP
embryo | gastrula stage, with sqhTA.EGFP
embryo | germline clone
embryonic/larval anterior midgut | embryonic stage 15 | male limited
embryonic/larval anterior midgut | embryonic stage 16 | male limited
embryonic/larval anterior midgut | embryonic stage 17 | male limited
embryonic/larval brain | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
embryonic/larval brain | larval stage | somatic clone
embryonic/larval dorsal trunk
embryonic proventriculus | embryonic stage 15 | male limited
embryonic proventriculus | embryonic stage 16 | male limited
embryonic proventriculus | embryonic stage 17 | male limited
embryonic segment | germline clone
epidermis
epithelium | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4Abd-B-LDN
epithelium | pupal stage | conditional
epithelium | pupal stage | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Act.PU
epithelium | somatic clone
eye
eye-antennal disc | third instar larval stage | conditional
eye disc, with Scer\GAL4ey.PU
eye disc | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Act.PU
eye disc | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU
follicle cell | somatic clone
furrow canal | posterior
ganglion mother cell | larval stage
hub cell
larval neuroblast | larval stage
larval neuroblast | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4wor.PA
leg
leg | distal
mitochondrion
mitotic domain 1 | extended germ band stage
morphogenetic furrow | somatic clone
neuroblast | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
neuroblast | larval stage | somatic clone
nucleus | embryonic stage 4
nurse cell
nurse cell | germline clone
nurse cell ring canal | germline clone
oocyte | germline clone
organism | embryonic stage
ovary
posterior spiracle primordium | germline clone
retina, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PU
retina | pupal stage | somatic clone
retina | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PU
stalk follicle cell
ventral thoracic disc
wing
wing disc | somatic clone | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI
wing disc | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
wing disc | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Download All OrthoDB Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Homo sapiens (Human) (10)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Hsap\MYL9
14 of 15
Yes
Yes
1  
Hsap\MYL12A
12 of 15
No
Yes
1  
Hsap\MYL12B
7 of 15
No
Yes
1  
Hsap\MYL2
3 of 15
No
No
3  
Hsap\MYL5
3 of 15
No
Yes
Hsap\MYL7
3 of 15
No
No
Hsap\MYL10
3 of 15
No
Yes
Hsap\MYLPF
3 of 15
No
Yes
Hsap\EFCAB11
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\PVALB
1 of 15
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (9)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Mmus\Myl9
13 of 15
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Myl12a
13 of 15
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Myl12b
12 of 15
No
Yes
Mmus\Myl2
3 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Myl7
3 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Mylpf
3 of 15
No
Yes
Mmus\Myl10
2 of 15
No
Yes
Mmus\Efcab11
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Pvalb
1 of 15
No
No
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (10)
Rnor\Myl12a
12 of 13
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Myl9
11 of 13
No
Yes
Rnor\Myl12b
10 of 13
No
Yes
Rnor\Myl7
3 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Mylpf
3 of 13
No
Yes
Rnor\Myl2
2 of 13
No
Yes
Rnor\Myl10
2 of 13
No
Yes
Rnor\Efcab11
1 of 13
No
Yes
Rnor\LOC108349946
1 of 13
No
Yes
Rnor\Pvalb
1 of 13
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (9)
Xtro\myl12b
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Xtro\myl9
7 of 12
No
Yes
Xtro\myl2
3 of 12
No
Yes
Xtro\myl7
3 of 12
No
Yes
Xtro\myl10
3 of 12
No
Yes
Xtro\mylpf
3 of 12
No
Yes
Xtro\efcab11
1 of 12
No
Yes
Xtro\LOC548651
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\pvalb
1 of 12
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (14)
Drer\myl12.2
13 of 15
Yes
Yes
Drer\myl9b
12 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\myl12.1
12 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\myl9a
8 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\myl2a
3 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\myl2b
3 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\myl7
3 of 15
No
No
Drer\myl10
3 of 15
No
No
Drer\mylpfa
3 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\mylpfb
3 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\efcab11
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\pvalb1
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\pvalb6
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\pvalb7
1 of 15
No
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (3)
Cele\mlc-4
14 of 15
Yes
Yes
Cele\mlc-1
3 of 15
No
No
Cele\mlc-2
3 of 15
No
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (6)
Atha\AT1G32250
1 of 9
Yes
No
Atha\AT2G41410
1 of 9
Yes
Yes
Atha\AT3G03000
1 of 9
Yes
No
Atha\AT3G10190
1 of 9
Yes
Yes
Atha\CAM9
1 of 9
Yes
Yes
Atha\CP1
1 of 9
Yes
Yes
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (1)
Scer\MLC2
2 of 15
Yes
Yes
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)
Spom\rlc1
5 of 12
Yes
Yes
Ortholog(s) in Drosophila Species (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG09190HCB )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
AAA Syntenic Ortholog
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Drosophila suzukii
Spotted wing Drosophila
Dsuz\DS10_00006826
Drosophila simulans
Dsim\sqh
Drosophila sechellia
Dsec\GM12587
Drosophila erecta
Dere\GG17688
Drosophila yakuba
Dyak\sqh
Drosophila ananassae
Dana\GF20304
Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura
Dpse\GA17546
Drosophila persimilis
Dper\GL21357
Drosophila willistoni
Dwil\GK17694
Drosophila virilis
Dvir\GJ16661
Drosophila virilis
Dvir\GJ19134
Drosophila mojavensis
Dmoj\GI16168
Drosophila grimshawi
Dgri\GH24837
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG09150C61 )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Musca domestica
House fly
Mdoa\17017584
Glossina morsitans
Tsetse fly
Gmor\GMOY002419
Aedes aegypti
Yellow fever mosquito
Aaeg\AAEL008921
Anopheles darlingi
American malaria mosquito
Adar\ADAC001459
Anopheles gambiae
Malaria mosquito
Agam\AGAP000927
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090W0FQK )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Bombyx mori
Silkmoth
Bmor\BGIBMGA012961
Danaus plexippus
Monarch butterfly
Dple\DPOGS206955-PA
Heliconius melpomene
Postman butterfly
Hmel\HMEL014351
Apis florea
Little honeybee
Aflo\2252574404
Apis mellifera
Western honey bee
Amel\LOC552638
Apis mellifera
Western honey bee
Amel\LOC550973
Bombus impatiens
Common eastern bumble bee
Bimp\BIMP23066
Bombus terrestris
Buff-tailed bumblebee
Bter\15214053
Linepithema humile
Argentine ant
Lhum\LH18504
Megachile rotundata
Alfalfa leafcutting bee
Mrot\MROTU:002a14
Nasonia vitripennis
Parasitic wasp
Nvit\Nasvi2EG000960
Dendroctonus ponderosae
Mountain pine beetle
Dpod\YQE_10195
Tribolium castaneum
Red flour beetle
Tcas\TC030667
Pediculus humanus
Human body louse
Phum\PHUM538960
Rhodnius prolixus
Kissing bug
Rpro\RPRC003900
Cimex lectularius
Bed bug
Clec\CLEC000291
Acyrthosiphon pisum
Pea aphid
Apim\ACYPI004964
Zootermopsis nevadensis
Nevada dampwood termite
Znev\Znev_08678
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090X0G96 )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Strigamia maritima
European centipede
Smar\SMAR008364
Strigamia maritima
European centipede
Smar\SMAR000834
Ixodes scapularis
Black-legged tick
Isca\ISCW002027
Ixodes scapularis
Black-legged tick
Isca\ISCW002026
Ixodes scapularis
Black-legged tick
Isca\ISCW005413
Stegodyphus mimosarum
African social velvet spider
Smim\KFM63862.1
Stegodyphus mimosarum
African social velvet spider
Smim\KFM71401.1
Stegodyphus mimosarum
African social velvet spider
Smim\KFM82540.1
Stegodyphus mimosarum
African social velvet spider
Smim\KFM83287.1
Tetranychus urticae
Two-spotted spider mite
Turt\tetur10g02650
Tetranychus urticae
Two-spotted spider mite
Turt\tetur20g02200
Tetranychus urticae
Two-spotted spider mite
Turt\tetur20g02250
Tetranychus urticae
Two-spotted spider mite
Turt\tetur05g06930
Tetranychus urticae
Two-spotted spider mite
Turt\tetur05g06250
Tetranychus urticae
Two-spotted spider mite
Turt\tetur10g02620
Tetranychus urticae
Two-spotted spider mite
Turt\tetur20g03410
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_442798
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_442799
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_442790
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_442791
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091G0QF6 )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Spur\Sp-Mrlc2
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Spur\SPU_002407gn
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Spur\Sp-Mrlc
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Spur\Sp-Myl9
Ciona intestinalis
Vase tunicate
Cint\ENSCING00000002749
Ciona intestinalis
Vase tunicate
Cint\ENSCING00000020111
Ciona intestinalis
Vase tunicate
Cint\ENSCING00000024490
Ciona intestinalis
Vase tunicate
Cint\ENSCING00000022600
Ciona intestinalis
Vase tunicate
Cint\ENSCING00000007219
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken
Ggal\MYL2
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken
Ggal\MYL12A
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken
Ggal\ENSGALG00000028567
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken
Ggal\MYL10
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken
Ggal\LOC770011
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (4)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
orthoMCL
Panther
RoundUp
Alignment
Mlc2
3 of 10
CG33098
2 of 10
CG13526
1 of 10
Sol1
1 of 10
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Model Summary Ribbon
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    sqhE20E21.UAS.cCa
    model of  cancer
    CEA with Ras85DG12V.UAS
    (Khoo et al., 2013)
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 7 )
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    MYL9; myosin light chain 9
    14 of 15
    609905
         
        MYL12A; myosin light chain 12A
        12 of 15
             
            MYL12B; myosin light chain 12B
            7 of 15
            609211
                 
                MYL2; myosin light chain 2
                3 of 15
                160781
                 
                MYL5; myosin light chain 5
                3 of 15
                160782
                    MYL7; myosin light chain 7
                    3 of 15
                    613993
                        MYL10; myosin light chain 10
                        3 of 15
                        617177
                            MYLPF; myosin light chain, phosphorylatable, fast skeletal muscle
                            3 of 15
                            617378
                            Functional Complementation Data
                            Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
                            Interactions
                            Summary of Physical Interactions
                            esyN Network Diagram
                            Show neighbor-neighbor interactions:
                            Select Layout:
                            Legend:
                            Protein
                            RNA
                            Selected Interactor(s)
                            Interactions Browser
                            View in Interactions Browser
                            Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
                            protein-protein
                            Physical Interaction
                            Assay
                            References
                            sqh - CG11811
                            experimental knowledge based
                            (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
                            sqh - CG17746
                            experimental knowledge based
                            (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
                            sqh - Patj
                            pull down, anti tag western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation
                            (Sen et al., 2012)
                            sqh - Picot
                            experimental knowledge based
                            (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
                            sqh - Pp1-87B
                            enzymatic study, autoradiography
                            (Vereshchagina et al., 2004)
                            sqh - Rheb
                            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry
                            (Vinayagam et al., 2016)
                            sqh - Rop
                            experimental knowledge based
                            (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
                            sqh - S6k
                            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry
                            (Vinayagam et al., 2016)
                            sqh - baz
                            anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
                            (Wang and Riechmann, 2007)
                            sqh - bbg
                            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
                            (Tsoumpekos et al., 2018)
                            sqh - ci
                            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, pull down, Identification by mass spectrometry
                            (Liu et al., 2015)
                            sqh - flw
                            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, enzymatic study, autoradiography
                            (Vereshchagina et al., 2004)
                            sqh - mib2
                            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
                            (Carrasco-Rando and Ruiz-Gómez, 2008)
                            sqh - p53
                            pull down, autoradiography
                            (Lunardi et al., 2010)
                            sqh - sau
                            pull down, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation
                            (Sechi et al., 2020)
                            sqh - scra
                            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
                            (D'Avino et al., 2008)
                            sqh - sdk
                            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
                            (Uechi and Kuranaga, 2019)
                            sqh - sima
                            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry
                            (Vinayagam et al., 2016)
                            sqh - ssp
                            experimental knowledge based
                            (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
                            sqh - sti
                            pull down, western blot
                            (Bassi et al., 2011)
                            sqh - vib
                            bimolecular fluorescence complementation, fluorescence microscopy, proximity ligation assay
                            (Koe et al., 2018)
                            sqh - zip
                            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
                            (Sechi et al., 2020, Franke et al., 2006)
                            Summary of Genetic Interactions
                            esyN Network Diagram
                            esyN Network Key:
                            Suppression
                            Enhancement
                            View in Interactions Browser
                            Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
                            Starting gene(s)
                            Interaction type
                            Interacting gene(s)
                            Reference
                            sqh
                            suppressible
                            ovo
                            (Wang and Riechmann, 2007)
                            sqh
                            enhanceable
                            Pkn
                            (Ferreira et al., 2014)
                            aurA|sqh
                            suppressible
                            Rok
                            (Moon and Matsuzaki, 2013)
                            sqh
                            enhanceable
                            zip
                            (Okumura et al., 2010)
                            aurA|sqh
                            suppressible
                            zip
                            (Moon and Matsuzaki, 2013)
                            Starting gene(s)
                            Interaction type
                            Interacting gene(s)
                            Reference
                            AMPKα
                            suppressible
                            sqh
                            (Bland et al., 2010, Lee et al., 2007)
                            asp
                            enhanceable
                            sqh
                            (Rujano et al., 2013)
                            asp
                            suppressible
                            sqh
                            (Rujano et al., 2013)
                            Atg12
                            suppressible
                            sqh
                            (Tang et al., 2011)
                            aurA
                            enhanceable
                            sqh
                            (Moon and Matsuzaki, 2013)
                            ck
                            enhanceable
                            sqh
                            (Winter et al., 2001)
                            Cp190
                            suppressible
                            sqh
                            (Chodagam et al., 2005)
                            CycB
                            suppressible
                            sqh
                            (Ji et al., 2002)
                            Dad
                            suppressible
                            sqh
                            (Widmann and Dahmann, 2009)
                            Drak
                            suppressible
                            sqh
                            (Neubueser and Hipfner, 2010)
                            Drak|Rok
                            suppressible
                            sqh
                            (Neubueser and Hipfner, 2010)
                            dsh
                            suppressible
                            sqh
                            (Winter et al., 2001)
                            dsh
                            enhanceable
                            sqh
                            (Winter et al., 2001)
                            eys|prom
                            suppressible
                            sqh
                            (Nie et al., 2014)
                            eys|prom
                            enhanceable
                            sqh
                            (Nie et al., 2014)
                            flw
                            suppressible
                            sqh
                            (Vereshchagina et al., 2004)
                            flw
                            enhanceable
                            sqh
                            (Vereshchagina et al., 2004)
                            flw|puc
                            suppressible
                            sqh
                            (Kirchner et al., 2007)
                            fz
                            suppressible
                            sqh
                            (Winter et al., 2001)
                            kermit
                            enhanceable
                            sqh
                            (Djiane and Mlodzik, 2010)
                            Lkb1
                            suppressible
                            sqh
                            (Lee et al., 2007)
                            Mbs
                            suppressible
                            sqh
                            (Lee and Treisman, 2004)
                            Mbs
                            enhanceable
                            sqh
                            (Lee and Treisman, 2004)
                            Myc
                            suppressible
                            sqh
                            (Levayer et al., 2015)
                            MYPT-75D
                            enhanceable
                            sqh
                            (Vereshchagina et al., 2004)
                            MYPT-75D
                            suppressible
                            sqh
                            (Vereshchagina et al., 2004)
                            Patj
                            suppressible
                            sqh
                            (Sen et al., 2012)
                            Pkn
                            enhanceable
                            sqh
                            (Ferreira et al., 2014)
                            Rac1
                            enhanceable
                            sqh
                            (Tan et al., 2003)
                            Rac1
                            suppressible
                            sqh
                            (Tan et al., 2003)
                            Rho1
                            suppressible
                            sqh
                            (Dorsten et al., 2007)
                            Rho1|fra
                            suppressible
                            sqh
                            (Dorsten et al., 2007)
                            Rho1|Rok
                            suppressible
                            sqh
                            (Kim et al., 2015)
                            Rho1|kirre
                            suppressible
                            sqh
                            (Kim et al., 2015)
                            RhoGAPp190
                            suppressible
                            sqh
                            (Billuart et al., 2001)
                            RhoGAPp190
                            enhanceable
                            sqh
                            (Billuart et al., 2001)
                            Rok
                            suppressible
                            sqh
                            (Rauskolb et al., 2014, Winter et al., 2001)
                            sds22
                            suppressible
                            sqh
                            (Jiang et al., 2011)
                            shot
                            suppressible
                            sqh
                            (Sun et al., 2019)
                            sqa
                            suppressible
                            sqh
                            (Tang et al., 2011)
                            sti
                            suppressible
                            sqh
                            (D'Avino et al., 2004)
                            tow
                            enhanceable
                            sqh
                            (Chung et al., 2007)
                            upd1
                            suppressible
                            sqh
                            (Bertet et al., 2009)
                            yki
                            suppressible
                            sqh
                            (Xu et al., 2018)
                            α-Cat
                            enhanceable
                            sqh
                            (Jurado et al., 2016)
                            External Data
                            Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
                            Myosin is a hexamer of 2 heavy chains and 4 light chains.
                            (UniProt, P40423 )
                            Linkouts
                            BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
                            DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                            InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
                            MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                            MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                            Pathways
                            Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
                            Negative Regulators of Hedgehog Signaling Pathway -
                            Negative regulators of hedgehog signaling down-regulate the pathway, resulting in the repression of transcription of hh-responsive genes.
                            Metabolic Pathways
                            External Data
                            Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
                            Chromosome (arm)
                            X
                            Recombination map
                            1-16
                            Cytogenetic map
                            5E1-5E1
                            Sequence location
                            X:6,223,061..6,225,140 [-]
                            FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
                            Cytogenetic map
                            Evidence for location
                            5E1-5E1
                            Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}EP1457EP1457&P{EP}CG5928EP1083 and P{EP}EP1311&P{EP}EP1384
                            Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
                            Cytogenetic map
                            Notes
                            References
                            5D5-5D6
                            (determined by in situ hybridisation)
                            (Karess et al., 1991)
                            Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
                            Location

                            1-16

                            (FlyBase, 2016)

                            1-16.3

                            (Comeron et al., 2012)

                            1-13

                            Left of (cM)
                            Right of (cM)
                            Notes
                            Stocks and Reagents
                            Stocks (21)
                            Genomic Clones (13)
                             

                            Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

                            cDNA Clones (227)
                             

                            Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

                            cDNA clones, fully sequenced
                            BDGP DGC clones
                            Other clones
                              Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

                              For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

                              cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
                              BDGP DGC clones
                              Other clones
                              RNAi and Array Information
                              Linkouts
                              DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                              GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
                              Antibody Information
                              Laboratory Generated Antibodies
                               

                              polyclonal

                              (Vasquez et al., 2014, Zhang and Ward, 2011, Wang and Ward, 2010, Vereshchagina et al., 2004)
                              Commercially Available Antibodies
                               
                              Cell Signaling Technology - Commercial vendor for primary antibodies and antibody conjugates.
                              Other Information
                              Relationship to Other Genes
                              Source for database identify of
                              Source for database merge of
                              Additional comments
                              Other Comments

                              Inhibition of sqh by injection of Y-27632 in embryos results in cuticle shaping defects.

                              (Walters et al., 2006)

                              dsRNA directed against this gene causes defects in cytokinesis when tested in an RNAi screen in S2 cells.

                              (Echard et al., 2004)

                              Pharmacological and genetic analyses show that sqh is not necessary for the first phase of cellularization in embryos, but is needed for basal closure of the cellularization furrows.

                              (Royou et al., 2004)

                              Reduction in the gene dosage of sqh is not sufficient to elicit the malformed phenotype in combination with zip alleles.

                              (Halsell and Kiehart, 1998)

                              Mutant analysis indicates that phosphorylation sites of sqh protein are essential for its function in vivo.

                              (Jordan and Karess, 1997)

                              sqh mutant phenotypes are chiefly caused by sequestration of myosin into inactive aggregates.

                              (Edwards and Kiehart, 1996)

                              Phosphorylation at the putative target of myosin light chain kinase is essential for the in vivo activity of the sqh product. Altered sqh lacking all three putative targets of protein kinase C and p34/cdc2 kinase still functions adequately during cytokinesis, but not wing formation.

                              (Jordan et al., 1995)

                              Supply of sqh by the maternal germ line is required normal embryonic development, specifically for both dumping, rapid phase of cytoplasmic transport, and axial expansion of the cloud of cleavage nuclei during the first 6 cycles of nuclear division.

                              (Wheatley et al., 1995)

                              A weak allele is 100% lethal due to failure of larval cytokinesis, insertions of a heat shock inducible sqh cDNA rescue larvae to adulthood.

                              (Edwards and Kiehart, 1994)

                              sqh encodes the regulatory light chain of the nonmuscle myosin.

                              (Karess et al., 1991)

                              sqh is essential for successful cytokinesis.

                              (Karess et al., 1990)

                              The structural gene for cytoplasmic myosin light chain (Chang, Edwards and Kiehart, Karess, Kulkarni and Aguilera, 1991).

                              Origin and Etymology
                              Discoverer
                              Etymology
                              Identification
                              External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 175 )
                              Sequence Crossreferences
                              NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                              GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
                              GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                              RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                              UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                              UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                              Other crossreferences
                              BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
                              Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
                              DRscDB
                              EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas
                              Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
                              Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
                              Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
                              Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
                              GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
                              iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
                              InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
                              KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                              MARRVEL_MODEL
                              modMine - A data warehouse for the modENCODE project
                              Linkouts
                              BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
                              Cell Signaling Technology - Commercial vendor for primary antibodies and antibody conjugates.
                              Cell Signaling Technology - Commercial vendor for primary antibodies and antibody conjugates.
                              DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                              DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                              FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
                              FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                              FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
                              Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
                              InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
                              MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                              MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                              Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
                              Synonyms and Secondary IDs (70)
                              Reported As
                              Symbol Synonym
                              CG3595
                              (Laffafian and Tepass, 2019, Kolkhof et al., 2017, Hosono et al., 2015, Rosa-Ferreira et al., 2015, Cammarato et al., 2011, Lunardi et al., 2010, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Ni et al., 2008, Bourbon et al., 2002, Goldstein and Gunawardena, 2000)
                              DmMRLC_C
                              (Yamashita et al., 2000)
                              MLC
                              (Kitazawa et al., 2014, Saravanan et al., 2013, Xu et al., 2008, Chandraratna et al., 2007)
                              MLRC
                              (Bland et al., 2010)
                              MRLC
                              (Yu and Zallen, 2020, Uechi and Kuranaga, 2019, Verma and Maresca, 2019, Bambardekar et al., 2015, Monier et al., 2015, Ferreira et al., 2014, Liang et al., 2014, Mavrakis et al., 2014, Guillot and Lecuit, 2013, Morais-de-Sá and Sunkel, 2013, Pronovost et al., 2013, Rujano et al., 2013, Gault et al., 2012, Castoreno et al., 2010, Monier et al., 2010, Okumura et al., 2010, Rauzi et al., 2010, Tajiri et al., 2010, Bertet et al., 2009, Grusche et al., 2009, Widmann and Dahmann, 2009, Hickson and O'Farrell, 2008, Simone and DiNardo, 2008, Corrigall et al., 2007, Lee et al., 2007, Mitonaka et al., 2007, Nishimura et al., 2007, Widmann and Dahmann, 2007, D'Avino et al., 2005, Lee and Treisman, 2004)
                              Myo
                              (Carvalho et al., 2014, Sawyer et al., 2011, Fernandez-Gonzalez et al., 2009)
                              Myo II
                              (Pichaud, 2007, Wei et al., 2005)
                              Myo-II
                              (Rauzi et al., 2015, Vasquez et al., 2014, Rauzi et al., 2010)
                              Myo-II RLC
                              (Vasquez et al., 2014)
                              MyoII
                              (Eritano et al., 2020, Shard et al., 2020, Bailles et al., 2019, Blake-Hedges and Megraw, 2019, Trylinski and Schweisguth, 2019, Kale et al., 2018, Clément et al., 2017, Perez-Mockus et al., 2017, Pinheiro et al., 2017, Qin et al., 2017, Munjal et al., 2015, Bardet et al., 2013, Herszterg et al., 2013, Levayer and Lecuit, 2013, Lucas et al., 2013, Monier et al., 2010, Nicolas et al., 2009, Pichaud et al., 2007)
                              Myosin II
                              (Perez-Vale and Peifer, 2020, Ambrosini et al., 2019)
                              NMM
                              (Dobens et al., 2005)
                              RLC
                              (Vasquez et al., 2016, Kim et al., 2015, Peters and Rogers, 2013, Uehara et al., 2010, Robinett et al., 2009, McCleland and O'Farrell, 2008, Royou et al., 2008, Dean and Spudich, 2006, Dean et al., 2005, Royou et al., 2002, Royou et al., 2002, Crawford et al., 2001, Royou et al., 2001)
                              RLC2
                              (Kollmar, 2006, Kollmar and Odronitz, 2006)
                              RMLC
                              (Wang and Riechmann, 2007)
                              Sqh
                              (Blackie et al., 2020, Canales Coutiño et al., 2020, Deng et al., 2020, Kirkland et al., 2020, Popkova et al., 2020, Santa-Cruz Mateos et al., 2020, Sechi et al., 2020, D'Angelo et al., 2019, Das Gupta and Narasimha, 2019, Finegan et al., 2019, Garcia De Las Bayonas et al., 2019, Luo et al., 2019, Zeledon et al., 2019, Qin et al., 2018, Segal et al., 2018, Tsoumpekos et al., 2018, Xu et al., 2018, Chan et al., 2017, Heer et al., 2017, Ly et al., 2017, Qin et al., 2017, Tran and Ten Hagen, 2017, Bielmeier et al., 2016, Pasakarnis et al., 2016, Valencia-Expósito et al., 2016, Vasquez et al., 2016, Vega-Macaya et al., 2016, Lim et al., 2015, Lim et al., 2015, Liu et al., 2015, Rodrigues et al., 2015, Rosa et al., 2015, Spencer et al., 2015, Carvalho et al., 2014, He et al., 2014, Kitazawa et al., 2014, Sechi et al., 2014, Yashiro et al., 2014, Antunes et al., 2013, Fuse et al., 2013, Herszterg et al., 2013, Jauffred et al., 2013, Levayer and Lecuit, 2013, Manning et al., 2013, Mao et al., 2013, Morais-de-Sá and Sunkel, 2013, Osterfield et al., 2013, Pronovost et al., 2013, Belloni et al., 2012, Giansanti and Fuller, 2012, Giansanti et al., 2012, Sen et al., 2012, Wainman et al., 2012, Azevedo et al., 2011, Ben El Kadhi et al., 2011, Cheng et al., 2011, Hatan et al., 2011, Levayer et al., 2011, Szafer-Glusman et al., 2011, He et al., 2010, Coumailleau et al., 2009, Grusche et al., 2009, McCleland et al., 2009, Mirouse et al., 2009, Robinett et al., 2009, Carrasco-Rando and Ruiz-Gómez, 2008, Carreno et al., 2008, Caussinus et al., 2008, Homem and Peifer, 2008, Mulinari et al., 2008, Pope and Harris, 2008, Roy et al., 2008, Simone and DiNardo, 2008, Szafer-Glusman et al., 2008, Witzberger et al., 2008, Wong et al., 2008, Chandraratna et al., 2007, Frei et al., 2007, Wong et al., 2007, Blankenship et al., 2006, Pearson et al., 2006, Winter et al., 2001)
                              actomyosin
                              (Sharrock and Sanson, 2020)
                              myo II
                              (Denes et al., 2015)
                              myoII
                              (Morel et al., 2009, Großhans et al., 2005)
                              myosin
                              (Eltsov et al., 2015)
                              myosin 2
                              (Martin, 2020)
                              myosin II
                              (Denes et al., 2015, Simões et al., 2014)
                              pMyo-II
                              (Nematbakhsh et al., 2020)
                              sgh
                              (Carvalho et al., 2014)
                              spg
                              (Karess et al., 1990)
                              sqh
                              (Bischoff et al., 2021, Imran Alsous et al., 2021, Kapoor et al., 2021, Kawamura et al., 2021, Davidson and Wood, 2020, Edwards-Jorquera et al., 2020, Hoshika et al., 2020, Iijima et al., 2020, Krueger et al., 2020, Lamiré et al., 2020, Prat-Rojo et al., 2020, Pulido Companys et al., 2020, Rich et al., 2020, Shard et al., 2020, Wang et al., 2020, Balaji et al., 2019, Boucher et al., 2019, Chen and Read, 2019, Chen et al., 2019, Franco and Carmena, 2019, Herrera-Perez and Kasza, 2019, Hunter et al., 2019, Johnson and Toettcher, 2019, Kasza et al., 2019, Laffafian and Tepass, 2019, Letizia et al., 2019, Miao et al., 2019, Moreno et al., 2019, Pham et al., 2019, Proag et al., 2019, Sharma et al., 2019, Silver et al., 2019, Tetley et al., 2019, Thuveson et al., 2019, Uechi and Kuranaga, 2019, Córdoba and Estella, 2018, Dunn et al., 2018, Fletcher et al., 2018, Franz et al., 2018, Ikawa and Sugimura, 2018, Inaki et al., 2018, Kale et al., 2018, Lebreton et al., 2018, Nithianandam and Chien, 2018, Ogura et al., 2018, Richardson and Portela, 2018, Sharma et al., 2018, Sui et al., 2018, Toret et al., 2018, Tsoumpekos et al., 2018, Tsuboi et al., 2018, Wang et al., 2018, Zhang et al., 2018, An et al., 2017, Bianchi et al., 2017, Chung et al., 2017, Clément et al., 2017, Curran et al., 2017, Harmansa et al., 2017, Hayes and Solon, 2017, Jewett et al., 2017, Rothenbusch-Fender et al., 2017, Simões et al., 2017, Sun et al., 2017, Tsankova et al., 2017, Zihni et al., 2017, Aigouy and Le Bivic, 2016, Chan, 2016.3.5, Czerniak et al., 2016, Duque and Gorfinkiel, 2016, Hara et al., 2016, Jurado et al., 2016, Kerridge et al., 2016, Ng et al., 2016, Sarov et al., 2016, Tetley et al., 2016, Weavers et al., 2016, Weng and Wieschaus, 2016, Álvarez-Fernández et al., 2015, Chan, 2015.10.20, Dong et al., 2015, Hosono et al., 2015, Hunter et al., 2015, Levayer et al., 2015, Munjal et al., 2015, Sato et al., 2015, Booth et al., 2014, Cook, 2014.8.25, Ferreira et al., 2014, Kasza et al., 2014, Merlo et al., 2014, Muliyil and Narasimha, 2014, Nie et al., 2014, Rauskolb et al., 2014, Razzell et al., 2014, Reversi et al., 2014, Singari et al., 2014, Taniguchi et al., 2014, Vasquez et al., 2014, Zulueta-Coarasa et al., 2014, Aldaz et al., 2013, Fernandez-Gonzalez and Zallen, 2013, Khoo et al., 2013, Külshammer and Uhlirova, 2013, Kwon et al., 2013, Moon and Matsuzaki, 2013, Saravanan et al., 2013, Thomae et al., 2013, Yamamoto et al., 2013, Abreu-Blanco et al., 2012, Andersen et al., 2012, Bosveld et al., 2012, Crest et al., 2012, Duboff et al., 2012, Foronda et al., 2012, Förster and Luschnig, 2012, Gault et al., 2012, Giansanti et al., 2012, Ishihara and Sugimura, 2012, Kaushik et al., 2012, Lesch and Page, 2012, Roper, 2012, Abreu-Blanco et al., 2011, Bassi et al., 2011, Becam et al., 2011, Caussinus et al., 2011, Fernandez-Gonzalez and Zallen, 2011, Friedman et al., 2011, Geiger et al., 2011, Hampoelz et al., 2011, Jiang et al., 2011, Meghana et al., 2011, Monier et al., 2011, Muyskens and Guillemin, 2011, Neumüller et al., 2011, Sawyer et al., 2011, Sommi et al., 2011, Sun et al., 2011, Szafer-Glusman et al., 2011, Tang et al., 2011, Vlachos and Harden, 2011, Zhang and Ward, 2011, Aldaz et al., 2010, Baer et al., 2010, Blanchard et al., 2010, Bland et al., 2010, David et al., 2010, Djiane and Mlodzik, 2010, Franke et al., 2010, Goldbach et al., 2010, Kwon et al., 2010, Martin et al., 2010, Montembault et al., 2010, Neubueser and Hipfner, 2010, Okumura et al., 2010, Popodi et al., 2010-, Rauzi et al., 2010, Sánchez-Soriano et al., 2010, Simões et al., 2010, Simone and DiNardo, 2010, Venken et al., 2010, Wang and Ward, 2010, Zimmerman et al., 2010, Atallah et al., 2009, Atwood and Prehoda, 2009, Ayers et al., 2009, Bertet et al., 2009, Bischoff and Cseresnyés, 2009, Chung et al., 2009, Desai et al., 2009, Fernandez-Gonzalez et al., 2009, Mirouse et al., 2009, Nicolas et al., 2009, Polevoy et al., 2009, Venken et al., 2009, Venken et al., 2009, Warner and Longmore, 2009, Widmann and Dahmann, 2009, Alves-Silva et al., 2008, D'Avino et al., 2008, Franciscovich et al., 2008, Okumura et al., 2008, Todi et al., 2008, Chung et al., 2007, Corrigall et al., 2007, Dorsten et al., 2007, Dyer et al., 2007, Escudero et al., 2007, Kirchner et al., 2007, Kolesnikov and Beckendorf, 2007, Lai et al., 2007, Mitonaka et al., 2007, Ninov et al., 2007, Song et al., 2007, Wang and Riechmann, 2007, Borghese et al., 2006, Brodu and Casanova, 2006, Franke et al., 2006, Hickson et al., 2006, Montana and Littleton, 2006, Simoes et al., 2006, Verdier et al., 2006, Walters et al., 2006, Haddrill et al., 2005, Padash Barmchi et al., 2005, Papoulas et al., 2005, Royou et al., 2004, Vereshchagina et al., 2004, Winter et al., 2001)
                              squ
                              (Martin et al., 2009)
                              ssq
                              (Lindsley and Zimm, 1986)
                              Name Synonyms
                              Myo-II regulatory light chain
                              (Sato et al., 2015, Rauzi et al., 2010, Bertet et al., 2009)
                              MyoII
                              (Wang et al., 2018)
                              MyoII regulatory light chain
                              (Bardet et al., 2013, Herszterg et al., 2013)
                              Myosin
                              (Alayari et al., 2009, Wang and Riechmann, 2007, Swan et al., 2006, Blankenship and Wieschaus, 2001)
                              Myosin II
                              (Aguilar-Aragon et al., 2020, Kong and Großhans, 2020, Loerke and Blankenship, 2020, Wang et al., 2020, Bardet et al., 2013, Azevedo et al., 2011, Driquez et al., 2011, Rauzi et al., 2010, Serio et al., 2010, Simone and DiNardo, 2010, Zimmerman et al., 2010, Kunda et al., 2008, Mulinari et al., 2008, Mulinari et al., 2007, Song et al., 2007, Axelrod, 2006, Dean and Spudich, 2006, Nikolaidou and Barrett, 2005, Straight et al., 2005, Wei et al., 2005, Gonzalez, 2003, Beronja and Tepass, 2002, Tepass et al., 2001)
                              Myosin II regulatory light chain
                              (Curran et al., 2017, Caussinus et al., 2008)
                              Myosin II regulatory subunit
                              (Roubinet et al., 2017)
                              Myosin LC
                              (D'Avino et al., 2008)
                              Myosin Regulatory Light Chain
                              (Tajiri et al., 2010, Simone and DiNardo, 2008)
                              Myosin light chain
                              (Fuse et al., 2013, Chandraratna et al., 2007)
                              Myosin regulatory light chain
                              (Gault et al., 2012, McCleland and O'Farrell, 2008)
                              Myosin-II
                              (Rosa et al., 2015, Rauzi et al., 2010, Lecuit et al., 2007)
                              Myosin-II light chain
                              (Mao et al., 2013)
                              MyosinII
                              (Bosveld et al., 2012)
                              Nonmuscle MyoII
                              (Lee and Chen, 2019)
                              Spaghetti Squash
                              (Herszterg et al., 2013, Belloni et al., 2012, Giansanti et al., 2012, Becam et al., 2011, Sawyer et al., 2011, Bertet et al., 2009, Mirouse et al., 2009, Simone and DiNardo, 2008, Gatt and Glover, 2006)
                              Spaghetti squash
                              (Blanchard et al., 2010, David et al., 2010, Neubueser and Hipfner, 2010, Robinett et al., 2009, Alves-Silva et al., 2008, Pope and Harris, 2008, Ninov et al., 2007, Wong et al., 2007, Pearson et al., 2006)
                              Spaghetti-Squash
                              (Antunes et al., 2013, Chandraratna et al., 2007)
                              Spaghetti-squash
                              (Moon and Matsuzaki, 2013, Carrasco-Rando and Ruiz-Gómez, 2008)
                              Squash
                              (Tran and Ten Hagen, 2017, Bambardekar et al., 2015, Kunda et al., 2008)
                              light chain of nonmuscle Myosin II
                              (Kunda et al., 2008)
                              myo-II regulatory light chain
                              (Rujano et al., 2013)
                              myosin
                              (Streichan et al., 2018, Montembault et al., 2017, Hunter et al., 2015, Abreu-Blanco et al., 2014, Fernandez-Gonzalez and Zallen, 2013, Cabernard et al., 2010, Fernandez-Gonzalez et al., 2009, Vale et al., 2009, Padash Barmchi et al., 2005)
                              myosin 2
                              (Koppen et al., 2006)
                              myosin II
                              (Martin, 2020, Gracia et al., 2019, Ly et al., 2017, Rodrigues et al., 2015, Abreu-Blanco et al., 2014, Lucas et al., 2013, Osterfield et al., 2013, Roper, 2012, Abreu-Blanco et al., 2011, Fernandez-Gonzalez and Zallen, 2011, Tang et al., 2011, Martin et al., 2010, Sánchez-Soriano et al., 2010, Fernandez-Gonzalez et al., 2009, Hickson and O'Farrell, 2008, Koelsch and Leptin, 2008, Escudero et al., 2007, Talbot and VanBerkum, 2006, Padash Barmchi et al., 2005, Hardin and Walston, 2004, Lecuit, 2004, Somers and Saint, 2003, Deng and Lin, 2001, Muller and Littlewood-Evans, 2001, Goldstein and Gunawardena, 2000)
                              myosin II regulatory light chain
                              (Desai et al., 2009)
                              myosin light chain
                              (Sawyer et al., 2011, Xu et al., 2008)
                              myosin regulatory light chain
                              (Spencer et al., 2015, Abreu-Blanco et al., 2014, Abreu-Blanco et al., 2011, Bland et al., 2010, Castoreno et al., 2010, Martin et al., 2009, Vale et al., 2009, Carreno et al., 2008, Muyskens et al., 2008, Silverman-Gavrila et al., 2008, Szafer-Glusman et al., 2008, Wong et al., 2008, Mitonaka et al., 2007, Dean and Spudich, 2006, OOta and Saitou, 1999)
                              myosin-II light chain
                              (Sommi et al., 2010)
                              myosinII
                              (Leptin, 2005)
                              non-muscle Myosin II
                              (Wang and Dahmann, 2020, Pichaud et al., 2007)
                              non-muscle myosin II
                              (Pichaud, 2007, Laplante and Nilson, 2006)
                              non-muscle myosin II regulatory light chain
                              (David et al., 2010, Monier et al., 2010)
                              non-muscle myosin-II
                              (Lan et al., 2015)
                              nonmuscle myosin II
                              (Antunes et al., 2013, Peters and Rogers, 2013, Wei et al., 2005)
                              nonmuscle myosin II regulatory light chain
                              (Royou et al., 2008)
                              phospho-Myosin light chain 2
                              (Blanchard et al., 2010)
                              regulatory light chain
                              (Vasquez et al., 2016, Uehara et al., 2010)
                              regulatory light chain of Myosin II
                              (Mitonaka et al., 2007, Song et al., 2007)
                              regulatory light chain of myosin
                              (Cook, 2014.8.25)
                              regulatory light chain of nonmuscle myosin II
                              (Wang and Riechmann, 2007)
                              regulatory light chain of nonmuscle myosin-II
                              (Crawford et al., 2001)
                              regulatory myosin light chain
                              (Saravanan et al., 2013)
                              spaghetti squash
                              (Córdoba and Estella, 2018, Bianchi et al., 2017, Hara et al., 2016, Ng et al., 2016, Valencia-Expósito et al., 2016, Weng and Wieschaus, 2016, Lim et al., 2015, Sato et al., 2015, Reversi et al., 2014, Taniguchi et al., 2014, Aldaz et al., 2013, Fernandez-Gonzalez and Zallen, 2013, Giansanti et al., 2012, Lesch and Page, 2012, Abreu-Blanco et al., 2011, Cammarato et al., 2011, Sommi et al., 2011, Sun et al., 2011, Djiane and Mlodzik, 2010, Goldbach et al., 2010, Montembault et al., 2010, Okumura et al., 2010, Sánchez-Soriano et al., 2010, Simone and DiNardo, 2010, Sommi et al., 2010, Wang and Ward, 2010, Atwood and Prehoda, 2009, Coumailleau et al., 2009, Martin et al., 2009, Nicolas et al., 2009, Hickson and O'Farrell, 2008, Todi et al., 2008, Dorsten et al., 2007, Escudero et al., 2007, Grammont, 2007, Kolesnikov and Beckendorf, 2007, Mitonaka et al., 2007, Song et al., 2007, Wang and Riechmann, 2007, Franke et al., 2006, Hickson et al., 2006, Haddrill et al., 2005, Padash Barmchi et al., 2005, Vereshchagina et al., 2004)
                              spaghetti-squash
                              (Munjal et al., 2015, Foronda et al., 2012, Monier et al., 2011, Tang et al., 2011)
                              squash
                              (Saha and Mishra, 2019, Schüpbach, 2019)
                              type II myosin regulatory light chain
                              (Alves-Silva et al., 2008)
                              Secondary FlyBase IDs
                                Datasets (0)
                                Study focus (0)
                                Experimental Role
                                Project
                                Project Type
                                Title
                                References (647)