FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\Treh
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Treh
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Trehalase
Annotation Symbol
CG9364
Feature Type
FlyBase ID
FBgn0003748
Gene Model Status
Stock Availability
Enzyme Name (EC)
alpha,alpha-trehalase (3.2.1.28)
Gene Summary
Trehalase (Treh) encodes an enzyme that hydrolyzes the the disaccharide trehalose to two molecules of glucose in either the cytoplasm or the extracellular space. [Date last reviewed: 2018-09-20] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
Also Known As

TRE

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-92
RefSeq locus
NT_033778 REGION:21074018..21088945
Sequence
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (6 terms)
Molecular Function (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from direct assay
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001661, InterPro:IPR018232
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN004635776
Biological Process (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN004635776
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:O43280
Cellular Component (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in cytosol
inferred from direct assay
inferred from direct assay
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Pathway (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 37 family. (Q9W2M2)
Catalytic Activity (EC/Rhea)
alpha,alpha-trehalase activity
alpha,alpha-trehalose + H2O = alpha-D-glucose + beta-D-glucose (3.2.1.28)
RHEA 32675:
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Trehalase (Treh) encodes an enzyme that hydrolyzes the the disaccharide trehalose to two molecules of glucose in either the cytoplasm or the extracellular space. [Date last reviewed: 2018-09-20]
Pathway (FlyBase)
TREHALOSE CATABOLISM -
In trehalose catabolism, trehalase Treh converts trehalose, a non-reducing disaccharide in the hemolymph, into 2 molecules of glucose. Trehalose can be hydrolyzed directly in the hemolymph by the Treh secreted isoform and the glucose produced can then be imported into cells. Alternatively, trehalose can be imported into the cell via the Tret1 transporter where it is cleaved by the Treh cytosolic isoform. (Adapted from FBrf0245354 and PMID:25429048.)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
UNCLASSIFIED O-GLYCOSYL HYDROLASES -
This group comprises O-glycosyl hydrolases that do not classify under other groups in FlyBase.
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Enzyme that cleaves trehalose to produce 2 glucose molecules that can be used by the glycolytic pathway (Probable). Glycolysis is essential in glial cells but not in neurons; neurons rely on the citric acid cycle for their energy needs, and on lactate and alanine secreted into the hemolymph by glial cells to fuel it (PubMed:26235423).
(UniProt, Q9W2M2)
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
Treh: Trehalase
Structural gene for trehalase [TRE (EC 3.2.1.28)], a hydrolase that splits the sugar trehalose into two glucose molecules. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing indicates the presence of one molecular form of the enzyme in flight muscles, hemolymph, and abdomens of adult flies. No mutant alleles obtained.
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
7
Number of Unique Polypeptides
3

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Treh for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9W2M2)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Annotated transcripts do not represent all supported alternative splices within 5' UTR.

Gene model reviewed during 5.45

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
FBtr0071537
2758
560
FBtr0071538
2662
515
FBtr0071539
2928
596
FBtr0071536
2992
560
FBtr0071535
3354
560
FBtr0071540
2822
596
FBtr0332423
2991
560
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
FBpp0071466
63.6
560
4.83
FBpp0071467
58.7
515
4.68
FBpp0071468
67.7
596
4.61
FBpp0071465
63.6
560
4.83
FBpp0071464
63.6
560
4.83
FBpp0071469
67.7
596
4.61
FBpp0304696
63.6
560
4.83
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

560 aa isoforms: Treh-PA, Treh-PD, Treh-PE, Treh-PG
596 aa isoforms: Treh-PC, Treh-PF
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records
 
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Treh using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.71

Transcript Expression
Polypeptide Expression
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in cytosol
inferred from direct assay
inferred from direct assay
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Treh in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 1-3
  • Stages(s) 4-6
  • Stages(s) 11-12
  • Stages(s) 13-16
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 37 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 11 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Treh
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Treh
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 4 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
Sterility
Allele
Other Phenotypes
Allele
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (1)
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
1  
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (1)
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (1)
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (1)
11 of 13
Yes
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (1)
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (5)
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
12 of 14
No
Yes
11 of 14
No
Yes
10 of 14
No
Yes
8 of 14
No
Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (1)
13 of 13
Yes
Yes
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (2)
9 of 13
Yes
Yes
9 of 13
Yes
Yes
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)
8 of 12
Yes
Yes
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (3)
10 of 11
Yes
Yes
10 of 11
Yes
Yes
1 of 11
No
Yes
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Treh. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (1)
11 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    Interaction Browsers

    Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
    protein-protein
    Physical Interaction
    Assay
    References
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    Interaction Browsers
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    External Data
    Linkouts
    BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Metabolic Pathways
    External Links
    KEGG Metabolic Pathways - A collection of manually drawn metabolic pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
    External Data
    Linkouts
    KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
    Class of Gene
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    2R
    Recombination map
    2-92
    Cytogenetic map
    Sequence location
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    57B16-57B19
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}grauEP688&P{PZ}shg10469 and P{PZ}king-tubby02821&P{lacW}Xbp1k13803
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    57B-57C
    (determined by in situ hybridisation)
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Notes

    There is 16% recombination between Treh and bw.

    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (18)
    Genomic Clones (20)
    cDNA Clones (281)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
    Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

    For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

    cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
    Other clones
    RNAi and Array Information
    Linkouts
    DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
    Antibody Information
    Laboratory Generated Antibodies
     

    polyclonal

    Commercially Available Antibodies
     
    Cell Line Information
    Publicly Available Cell Lines
     
      Other Stable Cell Lines
       
        Other Comments

        Treh plays a role in neuroepithelial stem cell maintenance and differentiation during optic lobe development in the larva.

        The effects of a high sucrose diet on live weight, total protein, stored lipid and glycogen and crude activities of 12 enzymes involved in energy metabolism are quantified. The activities of many enzymes are reduced by the sucrose treatment.

        Mobility variants at Treh are due to allozyme polymorphism.

        This gene was first recognised by a match of an STS sequence from a European Drosophila Genome Mapping Project cosmid.

        Structural gene for trehalase (TRE), a hydrolase that splits the sugar trehalose into two glucose molecules. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing indicates the presence of one molecular form of the enzyme in flight muscles, hemolymph and abdomens of adult flies. No mutant alleles obtained.

        Relationship to Other Genes
        Source for database merge of

        Source for merge of: Treh CG9364

        Additional comments
        Nomenclature History
        Source for database identify of
        Nomenclature comments
        Etymology
        Synonyms and Secondary IDs (13)
        Reported As
        Symbol Synonym
        ESTS:87D3T
        anon-EST:Posey159
        anon-sts38
        Secondary FlyBase IDs
        • FBgn0014436
        • FBgn0025313
        • FBgn0034584
        Datasets (0)
        Study focus (0)
        Experimental Role
        Project
        Project Type
        Title
        Study result (0)
        Result
        Result Type
        Title
        External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 79 )
        Sequence Crossreferences
        NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
        GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
        GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
        RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
        UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
        UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
        UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
        Other crossreferences
        AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
        BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
        DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
        EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
        FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
        FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
        KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
        MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
        Linkouts
        BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
        FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
        FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
        Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
        Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
        iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
        KEGG Metabolic Pathways - A collection of manually drawn metabolic pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
        KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        References (131)