FB2022_03, released June 9, 2022

Gene: Dmel\hid

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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\hid
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
head involution defective
Annotation Symbol
CG5123
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0003997
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
139 publicly available
Gene Summary
Activator of apoptosis, with grim and rpr, that acts on the effector Dredd (PubMed:9740659, PubMed:22615583). Seems to act genetically upstream of baculoviral anti-apoptotic p35 (PubMed:7622034). Blocks Diap2 from binding and inactivating the effector caspase Drice (PubMed:18166655). Might regulate apoptosis downstream of Clbn/NEMF (PubMed:22964637). (UniProt, Q24106)
Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.
All Summaries
Also Known As

W, Wrinkled, l(3)05014

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
75C1-75C1
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-45
RefSeq locus
NT_037436 REGION:18167745..18185641
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
GO Summary Ribbons
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (34 terms)
Molecular Function (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables BIR domain binding
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Diap2; FB:FBgn0015247
(Leulier et al., 2006)
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Diap1; FB:FBgn0260635
(Leulier et al., 2006)
enables protein binding
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Diap1; FB:FBgn0260635
(Wang et al., 1999)
enables ubiquitin protein ligase binding
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Diap1; FB:FBgn0260635
(Ryoo et al., 2002)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Biological Process (27 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (26 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in antennal morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Cullen and McCall, 2004)
involved_in apoptotic process
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Sandu et al., 2010)
involved_in apoptotic signaling pathway
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Crossman et al., 2018, Kurada and White, 1998, Grether et al., 1995)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Diap1; FB:FBgn0260635
(Wang et al., 1999)
inferred from direct assay
(Haining et al., 1999)
involved_in cell death
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Werz et al., 2005)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(assigned by CACAO )
(Grether et al., 1995)
involved_in cellular response to gamma radiation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Zhang et al., 2013)
involved_in cellular response to starvation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Hou et al., 2008)
involved_in dendrite morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Williams et al., 2006)
involved_in ecdysone-mediated induction of salivary gland cell autophagic cell death
inferred from expression pattern
(Jiang et al., 2000)
involved_in entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Klarsfeld et al., 2004)
involved_in head involution
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Abbott and Lengyel, 1991)
involved_in instar larval or pupal development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Abbott and Lengyel, 1991)
involved_in intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Moon et al., 2008)
involved_in larval midgut cell programmed cell death
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:rpr; FB:FBgn0011706
(Yin and Thummel, 2004)
involved_in open tracheal system development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Guha and Kornberg, 2005)
involved_in positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(assigned by UniProt )
(Schoenherr et al., 2012)
involved_in positive regulation of apoptotic process
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Tanaka-Matakatsu et al., 2009, Leulier et al., 2006)
inferred from direct assay
(Ribeiro et al., 2007)
involved_in positive regulation of cellular response to X-ray
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Brodsky et al., 2004)
involved_in positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in execution phase of apoptosis
inferred from direct assay
(Yan et al., 2004)
involved_in positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity
inferred from direct assay
(Wang et al., 1999)
involved_in positive regulation of macroautophagy
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Hou et al., 2008)
involved_in programmed cell death
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Rodriguez Moncalvo and Campos, 2005, Zhou et al., 1997)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:rpr; FB:FBgn0011706
(Zhou et al., 1997)
involved_in regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Drice; FB:FBgn0019972
(Leulier et al., 2006)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Dronc; FB:FBgn0026404
(Leulier et al., 2006)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Decay; FB:FBgn0028381
(Leulier et al., 2006)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Strica; FB:FBgn0033051
(Leulier et al., 2006)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Dark; FB:FBgn0263864
(Leulier et al., 2006)
involved_in regulation of organ growth
inferred from mutant phenotype
(de la Cova et al., 2004)
involved_in response to red light
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Klarsfeld et al., 2004)
involved_in salivary gland cell autophagic cell death
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Yin and Thummel, 2004)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:rpr; FB:FBgn0011706
(Yin and Thummel, 2004)
involved_in sex differentiation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(DeFalco et al., 2003)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
NOT involved_in nurse cell apoptotic process
traceable author statement
(Richardson and Kumar, 2002)
Cellular Component (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Shukla and Tapadia, 2011)
located_in mitochondrion
inferred from direct assay
(Haining et al., 1999)
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Shukla and Tapadia, 2011)
located_in plasma membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Shukla and Tapadia, 2011)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
    -
    Summaries
    Gene Group (FlyBase)
    RHG PROTEINS -
    RHG proteins possess a 12 amino acid RHG motif. This motif, also known as the IAP-binding motif (IBM), interacts with the BIR domain of Inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) and relieving IAP-mediated caspase inhibition. Over-expression of individual RHG proteins is sufficient to induce apoptosis. (Adapted from FBrf0225510).
    Protein Function (UniProtKB)
    Activator of apoptosis, with grim and rpr, that acts on the effector Dredd (PubMed:9740659, PubMed:22615583). Seems to act genetically upstream of baculoviral anti-apoptotic p35 (PubMed:7622034). Blocks Diap2 from binding and inactivating the effector caspase Drice (PubMed:18166655). Might regulate apoptosis downstream of Clbn/NEMF (PubMed:22964637).
    (UniProt, Q24106)
    Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
    W: Wrinkled
    Homozygote viable. Wings remain small and unexpanded. Black spots on head beside proboscis or ocelli. Heterozygous female like homozygote but less extreme. Male much less extreme; wings often expanded but wrinkled, blistered, and surface finely pebbled and grayish; no overlap with wild type. Suppressed by D in male and nearly so in female. From prepupal stage through adult, wing bases abnormally narrow, possibly preventing flow of body fluid in sufficient quantity to expand wings [Waddington, 1940, J. Genet. 41: 75-139 (fig.)]. RK1 as dominant.
    Summary (Interactive Fly)

    induces programmed cell death - arbitrates collective cell death in the wing - Nanos-mediated repression of protects larval sensory neurons after a global switch in sensitivity to apoptotic signals

    Gene Model and Products
    Number of Transcripts
    2
    Number of Unique Polypeptides
    1

    Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\hid for information on other features

    To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

    Protein Domains (via Pfam)
    Isoform displayed:
    Pfam protein domains
    InterPro name
    classification
    start
    end
    Protein Domains (via SMART)
    Isoform displayed:
    SMART protein domains
    InterPro name
    classification
    start
    end
    Structure New Section
    Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q24106)

    If you don't see the viewer to the right, refresh your browser.
    Model Confidence:
    • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
    • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
    • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
    • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

    AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

    Comments on Gene Model

    Gene model reviewed during 5.46

    Gene model reviewed during 5.55

    Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
    nuclear_gene
    protein_coding_gene
    Transcript Data
    Annotated Transcripts
    Name
    FlyBase ID
    RefSeq ID
    Length (nt)
    Assoc. CDS (aa)
    hid-RA
    FBtr0075133
    NM_079412
    4018
    410
    hid-RB
    FBtr0332862
    NM_001275081
    2190
    410
    Additional Transcript Data and Comments
    Reported size (kB)

    4.2 (northern blot)

    (Grether et al., 1995)
    Comments
    External Data
    Crossreferences
    Polypeptide Data
    Annotated Polypeptides
    Name
    FlyBase ID
    Predicted MW (kDa)
    Length (aa)
    Theoretical pI
    UniProt
    RefSeq ID
    GenBank
    hid-PA
    FBpp0074899
    43.9
    410
    8.35
    Q24106
    NP_524136
    AAF49270
    hid-PB
    FBpp0305084
    43.9
    410
    8.35
    Q24106
    NP_001262010
    AGB94703
    Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

    The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

    410 aa isoforms: hid-PA, hid-PB
    Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
    Reported size (kDa)

    410 (aa); 43 (kD predicted)

    (Grether et al., 1995)
    Comments
    External Data
    Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

    Interacts with Diap2 (via BIR2 and BIR3 domains).

    (UniProt, Q24106)
    Crossreferences
    PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
    Linkouts
    Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
    Mapped Features

    Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\hid using the Feature Mapper tool.

    External Data
    Crossreferences
    Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
    Linkouts
    Expression Data
    Expression Summary Ribbons
    Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that the Fly Cell Atlas project found the gene expressed in that cell type. Darker colors mean that more cells of that cell type express the gene:
     low
    high 
    Colorless tiles indicate that there is no scRNAseq data for the gene in that cell type.
    Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data (RNA and/or protein) has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.
    Colored tiles in the ribbon indicate the average RNA expression level of the gene at the indicated stages:
     low
    high 
    as determined by RNA-seq (RPKM) using whole organism samples modENCODE, Brown et al., 2014. For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.
    Transcript Expression
    in situ
    Stage
    Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
    Reference
    embryonic stage
    ventral midline of embryo
    (Wheeler et al., 2009)
    embryonic stage 4 -- 6
    anlage in statu nascendi
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    dorsal ectoderm anlage

    Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    organism | gap expression pattern
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    embryonic stage 7 -- 8
    organism | pair rule expression pattern
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    trunk mesoderm
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    embryonic stage 9 -- 10
    amnioserosa primordium
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    antennal primordium

    Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    central brain primordium

    Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    visual primordium

    Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    dorsal head epidermis primordium

    Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    lateral head epidermis primordium

    Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    ventral head epidermis primordium

    Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    clypeo-labral primordium
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    foregut primordium
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    gnathal primordium

    Comment: reported as gnathal lobes anlage

    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    trunk mesoderm
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    embryonic stage 9 -- 17
    primordial germ cell
    (Sato et al., 2007)
    embryonic stage 11 -- 12
    antennal primordium

    Comment: reported as procephalon primordium

    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    central brain primordium

    Comment: reported as procephalon primordium

    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    dorsal head epidermis primordium

    Comment: reported as head epidermis primordium

    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    lateral head epidermis primordium

    Comment: reported as head epidermis primordium

    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    ventral head epidermis primordium

    Comment: reported as head epidermis primordium

    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    visual primordium

    Comment: reported as procephalon primordium

    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    larval foregut atrium | precursor

    Comment: reported as atrium primordium

    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    clypeo-labral primordium
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    embryonic optic lobe primordium
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    foregut primordium
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    hindgut proper primordium
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    hypopharynx proper primordium
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    midline primordium
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    ventral epidermis primordium
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    ventral nerve cord primordium
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    embryonic stage 13 -- 16
    apoptotic amnioserosa
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    larval foregut atrium
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    circular visceral muscle fiber
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    embryonic brain
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    embryonic foregut
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    embryonic head epidermis
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    embryonic hindgut
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    embryonic hypopharynx
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    embryonic ventral epidermis
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    embryonic/larval dorsal vessel
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    embryonic/larval midgut
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    labral segment
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    midline ventral glial cell
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    ventral midline of embryo
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    larval ventral nerve cord
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    embryonic stage 15 -- 17
    midline glial cell
    (Peterson et al., 2002)
    northern blot
    Stage
    Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
    Reference
    pupal stage P5(i)
    embryonic/larval salivary gland

    Comment: 14 hr APF

    (Lehmann et al., 2002)
    pupal stage P5(ii)
    embryonic/larval salivary gland
    (Cao et al., 2007)
    Additional Descriptive Data

    W transcript is expressed in salivary glands after the prepupual ecdysone pulse.

    (Lehmann et al., 2002)

    W transcripts are expressed in a highly dynamic and complex pattern throughout embryogenesis. W is expressed in many regions where cell death occurs (as shown by acridine orange staining). For example, at stage 11, both acridine orange staining and W expression are observed in head and gnathal segments and in a segmentally repeated pattern throughout the germ band. In embryos undergoing head involution, a correspondence is seen between patterns of cell death and W expression. W expression and acridine orange staining are not always conincident. W expression is observed throughout the entire optic lobe primordium but only some of the cells undergo apoptosis. Little or no W expression is observed in the ventral nerve cord in late embryogenesis though extensive cell death occurs there.

    (Grether et al., 1995)
    Marker for
     
    Subcellular Localization
    CV Term
    Polypeptide Expression
    immunolocalization
    Stage
    Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
    Reference
    embryonic stage 13 -- 14
    embryonic Malpighian tubule
    (Tapadia and Gautam, 2011)
    embryonic stage 15 -- first instar larval stage
    embryonic/larval Malpighian tubule
    (Tapadia and Gautam, 2011)
    embryonic stage 17
    midline glial cell
    (Bergmann et al., 2002)
    third instar larval stage
    eye disc

    Comment: low level

    (Tanaka-Matakatsu et al., 2009)
    salivary gland
    • cytoplasm
    (Shukla and Tapadia, 2011)
    Malpighian tubule
    (Shukla and Tapadia, 2011)
    male genital disc
    (Benitez et al., 2010)
    prepupal stage
    tarsal segment | distal | restricted

    Comment: tarsal folds

    (Guarner et al., 2014)
    ventral thoracic disc | restricted
    (Guarner et al., 2014)
    prepupal stage P4(ii) -- pupal stage P5
    salivary gland
    • cytoplasm

    Comment: reference states 12-14h APF

    (Shukla and Tapadia, 2011)
    Malpighian tubule

    Comment: reference states 12-14h APF

    (Shukla and Tapadia, 2011)
    Additional Descriptive Data

    hid reporter and hid protein expression are observed in prepupal legs in the domains where tarsal folds evolve.

    (Guarner et al., 2014)

    W protein is detected in Malpighian tubules in embryos and first instar larvae, along with pro-apoptotic gene grim.

    (Tapadia and Gautam, 2011)

    hid protein is detected in the male genital disc in segments A8, A9, And A10 in third instar larvae but not in female genital discs. Expression is upregulated at the A/P borders and in the stalks.

    (Benitez et al., 2010)

    A low level of W protein is observed in eye discs.

    (Tanaka-Matakatsu et al., 2009)

    The only cells that express W protein in the stage 17 embryonic nerve cord are the surviving midline glial cells.

    (Bergmann et al., 2002)
    Marker for
     
    Subcellular Localization
    CV Term
    Evidence
    References
    located_in cytoplasm
    inferred from direct assay
    (Shukla and Tapadia, 2011)
    located_in mitochondrion
    inferred from direct assay
    (Haining et al., 1999)
    located_in nucleus
    inferred from direct assay
    (Shukla and Tapadia, 2011)
    located_in plasma membrane
    inferred from direct assay
    (Shukla and Tapadia, 2011)
    Expression Deduced from Reporters
    High-Throughput Expression Data
    Associated Tools

    GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

    View Dmel\hid in GBrowse 2
    RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
    Bulk Downloads
    RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
    Reference
    See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
    Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
    Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
    External Data and Images
    Linkouts
    BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
    DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
    EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
    FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
    FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
    Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
    Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
    Images
    FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
    • Stages(s) 4-6
    • Stages(s) 7-8
    • Stages(s) 9-10
    • Stages(s) 11-12
    • Stages(s) 13-16
    FlyBase Wiki
    Image Based Resources
    Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
    Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 42 )
    For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
     
    Other relevant insertions
    Transgenic Constructs ( 47 )
    For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
    Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of hid
    Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of hid
    Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 10 )
    Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
    Phenotypes
    For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
    Lethality
    Allele
    lethal
    lethal, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PU
    lethal, with Scer\GAL4c42
    lethal, with Scer\GAL4Desat1.PB
    lethal, with Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
    lethal, with Scer\GAL4elav.PLu, Scer\GAL80αTub84B.PL
    lethal, with Scer\GAL4GMR24H07
    lethal, with Scer\GAL4GMR42A06
    lethal, with Scer\GAL4GMR51C09
    lethal, with Scer\GAL4GMR52A01
    lethal, with Scer\GAL4GMR55A05
    lethal, with Scer\GAL4GMR59E04
    lethal, with Scer\GAL4GMR73C07
    lethal, with Scer\GAL4GMR78A06
    lethal, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
    lethal, with Scer\GAL4Hml.Δ
    lethal, with Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PL
    lethal | female limited, with Tn10\tetRtTA.Yp1
    lethal | heat sensitive
    lethal | recessive
    lethal | temperature conditional, with Scer\GAL4K23P.elav
    lethal | temperature conditional, with Scer\GAL4R15W.elav, Scer\GAL80αTub84B.PL
    lethal - all die before end of larval stage, with Scer\GAL4moody.SPG
    lethal - all die before end of P-stage
    lethal - all die before end of P-stage, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
    lethal - all die before end of pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
    lethal - all die during embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4tim.PE
    lethal - all die during embryonic stage (with Df(3L)H99)
    lethal - all die during embryonic stage | recessive
    partially lethal, with Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PL
    partially lethal - majority die
    partially lethal - majority die, with Scer\GAL4Eh.2.4
    partially lethal - majority die, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PU
    partially lethal - majority die, with Scer\GAL4Hml.Δ
    partially lethal - majority live, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
    viable
    viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
    viable, with Scer\GAL4Desat1.PB, Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B
    viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
    viable, with Scer\GAL4rdgC.PK
    viable, with Scer\GAL4Rh3.PP
    viable, with Spyo\Cas9dCas9::VPR.foxo
    viable, with Spyo\Cas9dCas9::VPR.wg-ΔC1
    viable, with Spyo\Cas9dCas9::VPR.αTub84B
    viable, with Spyo\Cas9dxCas9-3.7::VPR.αTub84B
    Sterility
    Allele
    female fertile, with Scer\GAL4nos.PG
    Other Phenotypes
    Allele
    abnormal behavior, with Scer\GAL4Rh5.PT
    abnormal behavior | larval stage | recessive
    abnormal cell death
    abnormal cell death, with Scer\GAL4Eh.2.4
    abnormal cell death, with Scer\GAL4Gp150-52A
    abnormal cell death | cold sensitive
    abnormal cell death | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP
    abnormal cell number | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Hml.Δ
    abnormal cell shape, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU
    abnormal circadian behavior, with Scer\GAL4cry.PE
    abnormal circadian behavior, with Scer\GAL4NPF.1
    abnormal circadian behavior, with Scer\GAL4P2.4.Pdf
    abnormal circadian rhythm, with Scer\GAL4P2.4.Pdf
    abnormal courtship behavior, with Scer\GAL4Desat1.PB, Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B
    abnormal courtship behavior | male, with Scer\GAL4Gr32a.3.776
    abnormal courtship behavior | male, with Scer\GAL4Gr33a.3.315
    abnormal eclosion rhythm, with Scer\GAL4P2.4.Pdf
    abnormal feeding behavior, with Scer\GAL4Gr66a.PD
    abnormal immune response, with Scer\GAL4Hml.Δ
    abnormal locomotor behavior | conditional, with Scer\GAL4nan.PK
    abnormal locomotor behavior | larval stage
    abnormal locomotor rhythm
    abnormal locomotor rhythm, with Scer\GAL4cry.PE
    abnormal locomotor rhythm, with Scer\GAL4cry.PE, Scer\GAL80Pdf.PS
    abnormal locomotor rhythm, with Scer\GAL4cry.PU
    abnormal locomotor rhythm, with Scer\GAL4P2.4.Pdf
    abnormal neuroanatomy
    abnormal neuroanatomy, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU
    abnormal neuroanatomy, with Scer\GAL4ppk.1.9
    abnormal neuroanatomy, with Scer\GAL4Rh6.PD
    abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage, with Hsap\RELAAD.R10B11, Scer\GAL4DBD.R14A06
    abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Tdc2.PC
    abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage (with Df(3L)H99)
    abnormal neuroanatomy | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU
    abnormal neuroanatomy | pupal stage
    abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4ppk.PG
    abnormal phototaxis
    abnormal phototaxis | larval stage
    abnormal size
    abnormal size, with Scer\GAL4sev.EP
    abnormal size | adult stage
    abnormal size | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
    abnormal sleep, with Ecol\lexAVP16.Pdf, Scer\FLP1lexAop.cSa, Scer\GAL4dimm-929
    abnormal starvation stress response, with Scer\GAL4Tdc2.PC
    abnormal taste perception | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Gr66a.PD
    abnormal taste perception | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Ir7a.PC
    abnormal thermotaxis, with Scer\GAL4TrpA1.PR
    abnormal visual behavior
    chemical resistant, with Scer\GAL4P2.4.Pdf
    chemical sensitive, with Scer\GAL4Crz.PC
    decreased body size | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Hml.Δ
    decreased cell death
    decreased cell death (with hid05014)
    decreased cell death (with hidrvX1)
    decreased cell death | adult stage (with Df(3L)H99)
    decreased cell death | dominant | third instar larval stage
    decreased cell death | heat sensitive
    decreased cell death | recessive
    decreased cell death | third instar larval stage | conditional
    decreased cell number | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU
    decreased cell number | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4nos.PG
    decreased size | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Hml.Δ
    decreased size | adult stage | somatic clone - tissue specific, with Scer\GAL4wg.KO, rprUAS.2A
    flightless | dominant
    increased cell death
    increased cell death, with Scer\GAL4GMR.AICD.APP
    increased cell death, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
    increased cell death, with Scer\GAL4Hml.Δ
    increased cell death, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1
    increased cell death, with Scer\GAL4Rh5.PT
    increased cell death, with Scer\GAL4Rh6.PD
    increased cell death, with Scer\GAL4Send1.4kb
    increased cell death, with Scer\GAL4Send2.4kb
    increased cell death, with Scer\GAL4vg.PU
    increased cell death | embryonic stage 14, with Scer\GAL4VP16.nos.UTR
    increased cell death | embryonic stage 15, with Scer\GAL4VP16.nos.UTR
    increased cell death | embryonic stage 16, with Scer\GAL4VP16.nos.UTR
    increased cell death | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU
    increased cell death | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4VP16.nos.UTR
    increased cell death | larval stage
    increased cell death | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Hml.Δ
    increased cell death | somatic clone | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4btl.PU
    increased cell death | third instar larval stage
    increased occurrence of cell division | larval stage
    increased size | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Hml.Δ
    paralytic | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4AD.R83E12, Scer\GAL4DBD.repo, rprUAS.C
    radiation resistant | oogenesis | oogenesis
    some die during embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4tim.PE
    some die during embryonic stage (with Df(3L)H99)
    some die during embryonic stage | recessive
    some die during larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Eh.2.4
    some die during larval stage, with Scer\GAL4moody.SPG
    some die during P-stage
    some die during pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
    some die during pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4Hml.Δ
    visible
    visible, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
    visible, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PU
    visible, with Scer\GAL4mir-263b-Δ-G4
    visible, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
    visible (with Df(3L)H99)
    visible | adult stage
    visible | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
    visible | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Hml.Δ
    visible | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4sev.EP
    visible | adult stage | somatic clone - tissue specific, with Scer\GAL4wg.KO, rprUAS.2A
    visible | dominant
    visible | male (with Df(3L)H99)
    visible | RU486 conditional, with Scer\GAL4GMR.in.Switch.PR
    visible | somatic clone
    Phenotype manifest in
    Allele
    abdominal dorsal adult muscle precursor cell
    abdominal dorso-lateral adult muscle precursor cell
    abdominal lateral adult muscle precursor cell
    adult oenocyte, with Scer\GAL4Desat1.PB, Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B
    amnioserosa, with Scer\GAL4Kr.PM, Scer\GAL4Orct2-cald-GAL4
    arista (with Df(3L)H99)
    arista lateral | ectopic (with Df(3L)H99)
    Bolwig nerve
    Bolwig organ
    cephalopharyngeal skeleton
    chordotonal organ, with Scer\GAL4nan.PK
    dendrite, with Scer\GAL4ppk.1.9
    dendrite | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4ppk.PG
    dorsal bridge
    dorsal fold
    embryo
    embryo | dorsal closure stage
    embryonic/larval brain
    embryonic/larval carpet glial cell | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4moody.SPG, Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B
    embryonic/larval fat body | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Hml.Δ
    embryonic/larval hemocyte, with Scer\GAL4srp.Hemo
    embryonic/larval hemocyte | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Hml.Δ
    embryonic/larval lymph gland | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Hml.Δ
    embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Tdc2.PC
    embryonic/larval plasmatocyte, with Scer\GAL4Hml.Δ
    embryonic/larval salivary gland
    embryonic/larval salivary gland | P-stage | heat sensitive
    embryonic/larval tracheal section, with Scer\GAL4btl.PU
    embryonic/larval tracheal section | dorsal, with Scer\GAL4Eh.2.4
    embryonic brain
    embryonic head
    embryonic head | heat sensitive
    embryonic salivary gland duct, with Scer\GAL4btl.PU
    eye
    eye, with Scer\GAL4eya.PB
    eye, with Scer\GAL4GMR.AICD.APP
    eye, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
    eye, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PU
    eye, with Scer\GAL4sev.EP
    eye | adult stage
    eye | RU486 conditional, with Scer\GAL4GMR.in.Switch.PR
    eye | somatic clone
    eye | temperature conditional, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PM
    eye | temperature conditional, with Scer\GAL4K23P.elav
    eye | temperature conditional, with Scer\GAL4K23P.GMR
    eye | temperature conditional, with Scer\GAL4R15W.elav, Scer\GAL80αTub84B.PL
    eye | temperature conditional, with Scer\GAL4R15W.GMR
    eye disc
    eye disc (with Df(3L)H99)
    eye disc (with hid05014)
    eye disc (with hidrvX1)
    eye disc | third instar larval stage
    eyelet
    female germline cell | oogenesis | oogenesis
    follicle cell & nucleus | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP
    follicle cell | oogenesis stage S5
    follicle cell | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP
    germarium | oogenesis | oogenesis
    giant fiber neuron, with Hsap\RELAAD.R10B11, Scer\GAL4DBD.R14A06
    glial cell, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU
    glial cell | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4moody.SPG, Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B
    gonadal sheath proper primordium | female (with Df(3L)H99)
    gustatory receptor neuron, with Scer\GAL4Tdc2.PC
    head
    hemocyte | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Hml.PG
    humeral bristle
    interommatidial bristle
    interommatidial bristle, with Scer\GAL4mir-263b-Δ-G4
    interommatidial bristle | increased number
    larval dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaC, with Scer\GAL4ppk.1.9
    larval LN period neuron
    larval multidendritic class IV neuron | pupal stage
    larval multidendritic class IV neuron | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4ppk.PG
    larval ventral nerve cord | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU
    larval ventral nerve cord commissure, with Scer\GAL4sli.PS
    lipid droplet | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Hml.Δ
    long arista lateral (with Df(3L)H99)
    male genitalia (with Df(3L)H99)
    male germline stem cell
    male terminalia
    mesothoracic tergum, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
    midline glial cell
    midline glial cell, with Scer\GAL4Gp150-52A
    midline glial cell, with Scer\GAL4sli.PS
    neuron | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU
    neuron | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Eh.2.4
    nurse cell | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP
    ocellus
    ommatidial precursor cluster (with hid05014)
    ommatidial precursor cluster (with hidrvX1)
    ommatidium
    peptidergic neuron | adult stage | ectopic (with Df(3L)H99)
    photoreceptor cell R5, with Scer\GAL4Rh5.PT
    photoreceptor cell R6, with Scer\GAL4Rh6.PD
    photoreceptor neuron
    photoreceptor neuron, with Scer\GAL4Rh5.PT
    pigment cell, with Scer\GAL4GMR.in.Switch.PR
    presumptive wing margin | absent | larval stage | somatic clone - tissue specific, with Scer\GAL4wg.KO, rprUAS.2A
    presumptive wing margin | P-stage | absent | somatic clone - tissue specific, with Scer\GAL4wg.KO, rprUAS.2A
    primordial germ cell | decreased number | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4nos.PG
    primordial germ cell | embryonic stage 14, with Scer\GAL4VP16.nos.UTR
    primordial germ cell | embryonic stage 15, with Scer\GAL4VP16.nos.UTR
    primordial germ cell | embryonic stage 16, with Scer\GAL4VP16.nos.UTR
    primordial germ cell | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4VP16.nos.UTR
    rhabdomere R7, with Scer\GAL4Rh3.PP
    serotonergic neuron
    serotonergic neuron, with Scer\GAL4Rh6.PD
    short labellar taste bristle S-a, with Scer\GAL4Gr66a.PD
    short labellar taste bristle S-a, with Scer\GAL4Ir7a.PC
    short labellar taste bristle S-b, with Scer\GAL4Gr66a.PD
    short labellar taste bristle S-b, with Scer\GAL4Ir7a.PC
    spermatheca, with Scer\GAL4Send1.4kb
    spermatheca, with Scer\GAL4Send2.4kb
    spermatid (with Df(3L)H99)
    terminal tracheal cell | somatic clone | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4btl.PU
    thorax, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
    tracheal dorsal trunk primordium, with Scer\GAL4btl.PU
    tracheal metamere 2 | cold sensitive
    type I bouton | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Tdc2.PC
    type II bouton | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Tdc2.PC
    wing
    wing, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
    wing, with Scer\GAL4Hml.Δ
    wing, with Scer\GAL4R15W.elav
    wing, with Scer\GAL4vg.PU
    wing (with Df(3L)H99)
    wing | somatic clone - tissue specific, with Scer\GAL4wg.KO, rprUAS.2A
    wing disc
    wing disc | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Hml.Δ
    wing disc | third instar larval stage
    wing disc | third instar larval stage | conditional
    wing margin | absent | somatic clone - tissue specific, with Scer\GAL4wg.KO, rprUAS.2A
    Orthologs
    Downloads
    Download All DIOPT Orthologs
    Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
    Homo sapiens (Human) (0)
    No records found.
    Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
    Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (0)
    No records found.
    Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (0)
    No records found.
    Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (0)
    No records found.
    Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (0)
    No records found.
    Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (0)
    No records found.
    Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
    No records found.
    Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
    No records found.
    Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
    No records found.
    Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
    Paralogs
    Downloads
    Download All DIOPT Paralogs
    Paralogs (via DIOPT v8.0)
    Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (0)
    No records found.
    Human Disease Associations
    FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Model Summary Ribbon
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    hidUAS.cUa
    model of  cancer
    CEA with BacA\p35UAS.cHa
    (Rudrapatna et al., 2013)
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 2 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    hidA206
    ameliorates  retinitis pigmentosa
    modeled by ninaEP37H, ninaE17
    (Griciuc et al., 2014)
    hidPe05016
    ameliorates  juvenile polyposis syndrome
    modeled by shnKK101278
    (Zhou et al., 2021)
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    esyN Network Diagram
    Show neighbor-neighbor interactions:
    Select Layout:
    Legend:
    Protein
    RNA
    Selected Interactor(s)
    Interactions Browser
    View in Interactions Browser
    Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
    RNA-RNA
    Physical Interaction
    Assay
    References
    hid - mir-11
    quantitative reverse transcription pcr, luminiscence technology
    (Truscott et al., 2011)
    hid - mir-263b
    luminiscence technology, necessary binding region
    (Hilgers et al., 2010)
    hid - mir-6-1
    luminiscence technology, fluorescence technology
    (Leaman et al., 2005)
    hid - mir-6-2
    fluorescence technology, luminiscence technology
    (Leaman et al., 2005)
    hid - mir-6-3
    fluorescence technology, luminiscence technology
    (Leaman et al., 2005)
    hid - mir-ban
    luminiscence technology, fluorescence technology, necessary binding region, immunohistochemistry
    (Shen et al., 2015, Kertesz et al., 2007, Leaman et al., 2005, Robins et al., 2005, Brennecke et al., 2003)
    hid - mir-bft
    quantitative reverse transcription pcr, luminiscence technology, necessary binding region
    (Hilgers et al., 2010)
    RNA-protein
    Physical Interaction
    Assay
    References
    hid - pum
    electrophoretic mobility shift assay, autoradiography
    (Bhogal et al., 2016)
    protein-protein
    Physical Interaction
    Assay
    References
    hid
    cross-linking study, molecular weight estimation by staining
    (Sandu et al., 2010)
    hid - CG4570
    two hybrid
    (Hu et al., 2017.6.13)
    hid - CG7567
    two hybrid
    (Hu et al., 2017.6.13)
    hid - CG7675
    two hybrid
    (Hu et al., 2017.6.13)
    hid - Diap1
    pull down, autoradiography, western blot, far western blotting, anti tag western blot, colocalization, fluorescence microscopy, inferred by author, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, molecular weight estimation by staining, molecular sieving, isothermal titration calorimetry, predetermined participant
    (Morishita et al., 2013, Sandu et al., 2010, Leulier et al., 2006, Means et al., 2006, Yan et al., 2004, Ryoo et al., 2002)
    hid - Diap2
    pull down, anti tag western blot, western blot
    (Ribeiro et al., 2007, Leulier et al., 2006)
    hid - rl
    two hybrid
    (Hu et al., 2017.6.13)
    hid - rpr
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, pull down, autoradiography, molecular weight estimation by staining, colocalization, fluorescence microscopy, inferred by author
    (Sandu et al., 2010)
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    esyN Network Diagram
    esyN Network Key:
    Suppression
    Enhancement
    View in Interactions Browser
    Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    hid
    suppressible
    Ack
    (Schoenherr et al., 2012)
    hid
    enhanceable
    Ack
    (Schoenherr et al., 2012)
    hid|yki
    suppressible
    Ack
    (Schoenherr et al., 2012)
    hid
    suppressible
    Ack|RasGAP1
    (Schoenherr et al., 2012)
    hid
    suppressible
    Ack|aos
    (Schoenherr et al., 2012)
    hid
    enhanceable
    ACOX1
    (Bilen and Bonini, 2007)
    hid
    suppressible
    Ae2
    (Velentzas et al., 2018)
    hid
    suppressible
    aos
    (Bergmann et al., 1998)
    hid
    suppressible
    Bruce
    (Domingues and Ryoo, 2012)
    hid
    suppressible
    bsk
    (Rudrapatna et al., 2013)
    hid
    suppressible
    Buffy
    (Quinn et al., 2003)
    hid
    suppressible
    Cbl
    (Wang et al., 2008)
    hid
    suppressible
    Cdk7
    (Morishita et al., 2013)
    hid
    suppressible
    CG1503
    (Broemer et al., 2010)
    hid
    suppressible
    CG3251
    (Louis et al., 2015)
    hid
    suppressible
    CG10413
    (Velentzas et al., 2018)
    hid
    suppressible
    cln
    (Taguchi et al., 2000)
    hid
    suppressible
    Corp
    (Chakraborty et al., 2015)
    hid
    suppressible
    cos
    (Christiansen et al., 2013)
    hid
    enhanceable
    cry
    (Klarsfeld et al., 2004)
    hid
    suppressible
    CSN5
    (Broemer et al., 2010)
    hid
    enhanceable
    D
    (Bach et al., 2003)
    hid
    suppressible
    Dad1
    (Zhang et al., 2016)
    hid
    suppressible
    Damm
    (Harvey et al., 2001)
    hid
    suppressible
    Dark
    (Srivastava et al., 2007, Leulier et al., 2006, Rodriguez et al., 1999)
    Diap1|hid
    suppressible
    Dark
    (Rodriguez et al., 2002)
    hid
    suppressible
    DCAF12
    (Hwangbo et al., 2016)
    Drice|hid
    suppressible
    Dcp-1
    (Leulier et al., 2006)
    hid
    suppressible
    Dcp-1|Drice
    (Leulier et al., 2006)
    hid
    suppressible
    Decay
    (Leulier et al., 2006)
    hid
    suppressible
    Den1
    (Broemer et al., 2010)
    hid
    suppressible
    Diap1
    (Wilson et al., 2002, Wing et al., 2001, Goyal et al., 2000, Lisi et al., 2000, Bergmann et al., 1998, Hay et al., 1995)
    hid
    enhanceable
    Diap1
    (Goyal et al., 2000, Lisi et al., 2000, Hay et al., 1995)
    hid|rpr
    suppressible
    Diap1
    (Wing et al., 2001)
    hid
    suppressible
    Diap2
    (Wing et al., 1998, Hay et al., 1995)
    hid
    suppressible
    Drice
    (Wu et al., 2016, Rudrapatna et al., 2013, Kondo et al., 2006, Leulier et al., 2006, Muro et al., 2006, Xu et al., 2006)
    hid
    suppressible
    Dronc
    (Neukomm et al., 2017, Rudrapatna et al., 2013, Kondo et al., 2006, Leulier et al., 2006, Yan et al., 2006, Xu et al., 2005, Huh et al., 2004, Ryoo et al., 2004, Hawkins et al., 2000)
    hid
    suppressible
    Dronc|Decay
    (Leulier et al., 2006)
    hid
    suppressible
    Dronc|Strica
    (Leulier et al., 2006)
    hid
    suppressible
    Dsor1
    (Kurada and White, 1998, Sawamoto et al., 1998)
    hid
    enhanceable
    Dsor1
    (Kurada and White, 1998)
    hid
    suppressible
    Duba
    (Koerver et al., 2016)
    hid
    enhanceable
    DUBAI
    (Yang et al., 2014)
    hid
    suppressible
    E(rst)H42
    (Tanenbaum et al., 2000)
    hid
    suppressible
    eff
    (Ryoo et al., 2002)
    hid
    enhanceable
    Egfr
    (Bergmann et al., 1998, Kurada and White, 1998)
    hid
    suppressible
    Egfr
    (Bergmann et al., 1998)
    hid
    suppressible
    egr
    (Shklover et al., 2015)
    hid
    enhanceable
    emb
    (Bilen and Bonini, 2007)
    Ret|hid
    enhanceable
    Fak
    (Macagno et al., 2014)
    hid
    suppressible
    gl
    (Bach et al., 2003, Hay et al., 1997)
    hid
    enhanceable
    grim
    (Wing et al., 1998)
    hid
    suppressible
    grim|rpr
    (Lee et al., 2013)
    hid
    suppressible
    hpo
    (Jia et al., 2003, Pantalacci et al., 2003, Udan et al., 2003)
    hid
    enhanceable
    hpo
    (Jia et al., 2003)
    hid
    suppressible
    Hr4
    (Müller et al., 2005)
    hid
    suppressible
    Hsp60D
    (Arya and Lakhotia, 2008)
    hid
    enhanceable
    Hsp60D
    (Arya and Lakhotia, 2008)
    hid
    suppressible
    Imp
    (Bilen and Bonini, 2007, Müller et al., 2005)
    hid
    suppressible
    JMJD6
    (Krieser et al., 2007)
    hid
    enhanceable
    JMJD6
    (Krieser et al., 2007)
    hid
    suppressible
    klu
    (Rusconi et al., 2004)
    hid
    suppressible
    lncRNA:Hsrω
    (Mallik and Lakhotia, 2009)
    hid
    suppressible
    lz
    (Wildonger et al., 2005)
    hid
    suppressible
    mats
    (Lai et al., 2005)
    hid
    suppressible
    mir-14
    (Xu et al., 2003)
    hid
    suppressible
    mir-278
    (Nairz et al., 2006, Müller et al., 2005)
    hid
    suppressible
    mir-ban
    (Brennecke et al., 2003)
    hid
    enhanceable
    mir-bft
    (Hilgers et al., 2010)
    hid
    suppressible
    morgue
    (Schreader et al., 2010, Hays et al., 2002)
    hid
    suppressible
    msn
    (Rudrapatna et al., 2013)
    hid
    suppressible
    NetA
    (Newquist et al., 2013)
    hid
    enhanceable
    NetB
    (Newquist et al., 2013)
    hid
    suppressible
    NetB
    (Newquist et al., 2013)
    hid
    enhanceable
    NimC4
    (Shklover et al., 2015)
    hid|spen
    suppressible
    nito
    (Chang et al., 2008)
    hid
    suppressible
    nito
    (Chang et al., 2008)
    hid
    suppressible
    nmo
    (Mirkovic et al., 2002)
    hid
    suppressible
    p53
    (Chakraborty et al., 2015, Wells et al., 2006)
    hid
    suppressible
    pan
    (Ryoo et al., 2004)
    hid
    suppressible
    Pka-C1
    (Christiansen et al., 2013)
    hid
    enhanceable
    pnt
    (Kurada and White, 1998)
    hid
    suppressible
    pnut
    (Gottfried et al., 2004)
    hid
    suppressible
    ptc
    (Christiansen et al., 2013)
    hid
    suppressible
    puc
    (Ryoo et al., 2004)
    hid
    enhanceable
    Rab11
    (Tiwari and Roy, 2009)
    hid
    suppressible
    Raf::tor
    (Bergmann et al., 1998)
    hid
    enhanceable
    Raf
    (Bergmann et al., 1998, Kurada and White, 1998)
    hid
    enhanceable
    Ras85D
    (Bergmann et al., 1998, Kurada and White, 1998)
    hid
    suppressible
    Ras85D
    (Gafuik and Steller, 2011, Bergmann et al., 1998, Kurada and White, 1998)
    hid
    suppressible
    RasGAP1
    (Bergmann et al., 1998)
    hid
    suppressible
    Rcc1
    (Shi and Skeath, 2004)
    hid
    suppressible
    Ret
    (Macagno et al., 2014)
    hid
    suppressible
    rl
    (Bergmann et al., 1998, Kurada and White, 1998, Sawamoto et al., 1998)
    hid
    enhanceable
    rl
    (Bergmann et al., 2002, Bergmann et al., 1998, Kurada and White, 1998)
    hid
    suppressible
    rpr
    (Sandu et al., 2010)
    hid
    enhanceable
    rpr
    (Xiang et al., 2010)
    hid
    suppressible
    sav
    (Tapon et al., 2002)
    hid
    suppressible
    sisRNA:2
    (Osman and Pek, 2021)
    hid
    enhanceable
    smo
    (Christiansen et al., 2013)
    hid|nito
    suppressible
    spen
    (Chang et al., 2008)
    hid
    suppressible
    Srrm1
    (Fan et al., 2014)
    hid
    suppressible
    Strica
    (Leulier et al., 2006)
    hid
    suppressible
    sty
    (Bergmann et al., 1998)
    hid
    suppressible
    TrpA1
    (Xiang et al., 2010)
    hid
    suppressible
    Uba1
    (Christiansen et al., 2013, Lee et al., 2008, Pfleger et al., 2007)
    hid
    suppressible
    upd1
    (Herz et al., 2006)
    hid
    suppressible
    Vps25
    (Herz et al., 2009, Herz et al., 2006)
    hid
    suppressible
    Vps36
    (Herz et al., 2009)
    hid
    suppressible
    wech
    (Bilen and Bonini, 2007)
    hid
    suppressible
    X11L
    (Gross et al., 2008)
    hid
    suppressible
    yki
    (Schoenherr et al., 2012)
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    arm
    suppressible
    hid
    (Cox et al., 2000)
    Axn|Rbf
    suppressible
    hid
    (Zhang et al., 2014)
    bcd
    suppressible
    hid
    (Werz et al., 2005)
    bsk|mad2
    suppressible
    hid
    (Wong et al., 2014)
    Clbn
    suppressible
    hid
    (Wang et al., 2013)
    comm
    suppressible
    hid
    (Bergmann et al., 2002)
    cry
    suppressible
    hid
    (Klarsfeld et al., 2004)
    CycE
    suppressible
    hid
    (Parker, 2006)
    Dcp-1
    enhanceable
    hid
    (Song et al., 2000)
    dsh
    enhanceable
    hid
    (Sato et al., 2006)
    E2f1
    suppressible
    hid
    (Davidson and Duronio, 2012)
    EcR
    suppressible
    hid
    (Lee et al., 2019)
    Egfr
    suppressible
    hid
    (Bergmann et al., 2002, Sudarsan et al., 2002)
    egr
    suppressible
    hid
    (Rhiner et al., 2010)
    fz2
    enhanceable
    hid
    (Sato et al., 2006)
    grim
    enhanceable
    hid
    (Mehrotra et al., 2008, Wing et al., 1998)
    hpo
    suppressible
    hid
    (Udan et al., 2003)
    lin-52
    suppressible
    hid
    (Bhaskar et al., 2014)
    Lrrk|foxo
    suppressible
    hid
    (Kanao et al., 2010)
    mir-bft
    suppressible
    hid
    (Hilgers et al., 2010)
    nab
    suppressible
    hid
    (Suissa et al., 2011)
    ninaE
    suppressible
    hid
    (Griciuc et al., 2014)
    nos
    enhanceable
    hid
    (Sato et al., 2007)
    nos
    suppressible
    hid
    (Bhogal et al., 2016, Sato et al., 2007)
    nos|skl
    suppressible
    hid
    (Sato et al., 2007)
    p53
    suppressible
    hid
    (Fan et al., 2010)
    pum
    suppressible
    hid
    (Bhogal et al., 2016)
    Ras85D
    suppressible
    hid
    (Wu et al., 2009)
    Rbf
    suppressible
    hid
    (Tanaka-Matakatsu et al., 2009)
    Rbf|gig
    suppressible
    hid
    (Li et al., 2010)
    Rbf|Stam
    suppressible
    hid
    (Sheng et al., 2016)
    rl
    suppressible
    hid
    (Bergmann et al., 2002)
    rl
    enhanceable
    hid
    (Bergmann et al., 2002)
    rpr
    suppressible
    hid
    (Sandu et al., 2010)
    scrib
    suppressible
    hid
    (Brumby and Richardson, 2003)
    sens
    suppressible
    hid
    (Chandrasekaran and Beckendorf, 2003)
    sisRNA:2
    enhanceable
    hid
    (Osman and Pek, 2021)
    sisRNA:2
    suppressible
    hid
    (Osman and Pek, 2021)
    spi
    suppressible
    hid
    (Bergmann et al., 2002)
    stwl
    suppressible
    hid
    (Brun et al., 2006)
    Tao|nos
    suppressible
    hid
    (Sato et al., 2007)
    ttm50
    suppressible
    hid
    (Sugiyama et al., 2007)
    External Data
    Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
    Interacts with Diap2 (via BIR2 and BIR3 domains).
    (UniProt, Q24106 )
    Linkouts
    BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Metabolic Pathways
    External Data
    Linkouts
    KEGG Pathways - Wiring diagrams of molecular interactions, reactions and relations.
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    3L
    Recombination map
    3-45
    Cytogenetic map
    75C1-75C1
    Sequence location
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    75C1-75C1
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}l(3)j11B2j11B2 and P{PZ}W05014
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    75C1-75C2
    (Grether, 1995.7.7, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
    75C1-75C2
    (determined by in situ hybridisation)
    (Spradling et al., 1999)
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Location

    3-45

    (FlyBase, 2016)

    3-41.6

    (Comeron et al., 2012)
    Left of (cM)
    (Wallis and Fox, 1968)
    Right of (cM)
    Notes
    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (139)
    Genomic Clones (49)
    cDNA Clones (33)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

      For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

      cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
      RNAi and Array Information
      Linkouts
      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
      GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
      Antibody Information
      Laboratory Generated Antibodies
       

      polyclonal

      (Hsu et al., 2002)
      Commercially Available Antibodies
       
      Other Information
      Relationship to Other Genes
      Source for database identify of

      Source for identity of: hid W

      (Steller et al., 2014.7.9, FlyBase, 2009-)
      Source for database merge of
      Additional comments

      Changed from 'W' to 'hid' to reflect common usage in the literature.

      (Steller et al., 2014.7.9)

      'W' ('Wrinkled') has been renamed to 'hid' ('head involution defective') as of FB2014_05 to reflect the overwhelming preference in the published literature.

      (FlyBase, 2009-)
      Other Comments

      rpr is targeted to mitochondria via interaction with W.

      (Sandu et al., 2010)

      W-induced apoptosis can occur without JNK activation.

      (McEwen and Peifer, 2005)

      W is required for larval salivary gland cell death during metamorphosis and both rpr and W function in a redundant manner to direct efficient destruction of the larval salivary gland and larval midgut during metamorphosis.

      (Yin and Thummel, 2004)

      The elimination of male-specific somatic gonadal precursors from females is controlled by W and possibly other genes of the H99 region.

      (DeFalco et al., 2003)

      In the absence of W midline glial cells are not reduced by cell death as in wild-type.

      (Bergmann et al., 2002)

      W may kill cells by inhibiting th's ability to antagonise caspase function.

      (Goyal et al., 2000)

      Domains in addition to the BIR2 domain of the th gene product are required for rpr, grim and W to inactivate th.

      (Lisi et al., 2000)

      W can induce apoptosis in follicle cells.

      (Chao and Nagoshi, 1999)

      rpr, W and grim promote apoptosis by disrupting interactions between the th and Dcp-1 proteins.

      (Wang et al., 1999)

      th is epistatic to the mutant phenotype of Df(3L)H99 (deleted for rpr, W, and grim).

      (Wang et al., 1999)

      Activation of the Egfr/Ras85D/rl pathway specifically inhibits the proapoptotic activity of W.

      (Bergmann et al., 1998)

      The modulation of W expression serves to change the sensitivity of cells to the activity of other cell death inducers and allows for precise control of cell death during development.

      (Kurada and White, 1998)

      Expression of death inducers rpr and W and the repression of death inhibitor Iap2 correlates with the onset of histolysis in the larval salivary gland, suggesting that programmed cell death may be coordinated by both inductive and repressive mechanisms.

      (Jiang et al., 1997)

      Targetted expression of W or rpr alone in the midline cells is not sufficient to induce ectopic cell death. Coexpression rapidly induces cell death that results in axon scaffold defects characteristic of mutants with abnormal midline cell development. Results suggest that rpr and W are expressed together and cooperate to induce programmed cell death during development of the central nervous system midline.

      (Zhou et al., 1997)

      Characterisation of grim suggests the encoded apoptotic function is upstream of putative Cys proteases and grim activity parallels that of rpr and W.

      (Chen et al., 1996)

      The W gene is not required for cell death induction by ectopic expression of rpr.

      (White et al., 1996)

      Phenotypic analysis demonstrates W function is required for the normal pattern of programmed cell death (PCD) in the embryo.

      (Grether et al., 1995)

      The W mutation is quite different from the hid loss of function mutation but characterisation of EMS-induced W revertants reveals W and hid are allelic.

      (Abbott and Lengyel, 1991)

      During the morphogenetic reorganisation of the embryonic head region W+ function is necessary for the movement of the dorsal fold across the procephalon and clypeolabrum, a process that forms the frontal sac. The absence of the frontal sac affects the formation of the dorsal bridge and disrupts the development of the larval cephalopharyngeal skeleton. W+ function is also required during pupal development for the 360o rotation of the male terminalia and for a late step of wing blade morphogenesis.

      (Abbott and Lengyel, 1991)
      Origin and Etymology
      Discoverer

      Jollos, 1936.

      Etymology
      Identification
      External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 49 )
      Sequence Crossreferences
      NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
      GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
      GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
      RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
      UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
      UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
      UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
      Other crossreferences
      AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
      BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
      DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
      EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
      Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
      FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
      FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
      Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
      Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
      GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
      KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
      MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
      modMine - A data warehouse for the modENCODE project
      PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
      Linkouts
      BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
      FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
      FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
      Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
      KEGG Pathways - Wiring diagrams of molecular interactions, reactions and relations.
      MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      Synonyms and Secondary IDs (21)
      Reported As
      Symbol Synonym
      CG5123
      (Hosono et al., 2015, Walls et al., 2013, Sandu et al., 2010, Krejcí et al., 2009, Lee et al., 2003)
      HID
      (Marshall and Heckscher, 2022, Wreden et al., 2017, Fan et al., 2014, Pechkovsky et al., 2013, Buch et al., 2008, Hu and Yang, 2003, Olson et al., 2003, Olson et al., 2003, Green and Clem, 2001, Hawkins et al., 2001, Silke and Vaux, 2001, Lisi et al., 2000, Strasser and Vaux, 2000)
      Hid
      (Colon-Plaza and Su, 2022, Dobens et al., 2021, Hounsell and Fan, 2021, Paraskevopoulos and McGuigan, 2021, Piedade and Famulski, 2021, Van De Bor et al., 2021, Cho et al., 2020, Fujisawa et al., 2020, Kosakamoto et al., 2020, Mohammadi et al., 2020, Sharma et al., 2020, Burguete et al., 2019, Lee et al., 2019, Anthoney et al., 2018, Diwanji and Bergmann, 2018, Stuelten et al., 2018, Yanku et al., 2018, Nainu et al., 2017, Nakajima and Kuranaga, 2017, Dabrowska et al., 2016, Di Gregorio et al., 2016, Eroglu and Derry, 2016, Kawamoto et al., 2016, Pinto-Teixeira et al., 2016, Zheng et al., 2016, Arefin et al., 2015, Arya and White, 2015, Denton and Kumar, 2015, Enomoto et al., 2015, Lashmanova et al., 2015, O'Keefe et al., 2015, Parchure et al., 2015, Van De Bor et al., 2015, Xing et al., 2015, Griciuc et al., 2014, Huang et al., 2014, Takáts et al., 2014, Chang et al., 2013, Ciurciu et al., 2013, Denton et al., 2013, Dick and Megeney, 2013, Herrera et al., 2013, McClure and Heberlein, 2013, Pechkovsky et al., 2013, Yuan and Akey, 2013, Christiansen et al., 2012, Miura, 2012, Pushpavalli et al., 2012, Abdelwahid et al., 2011, Bangi et al., 2011, Gordon and Du, 2011, Karpac et al., 2011, Kuranaga, 2011, Martinou and Youle, 2011, Morata et al., 2011, Sinenko et al., 2011, Singh et al., 2011, Bergmann, 2010, Figeac et al., 2010, Gupta et al., 2010, Amcheslavsky et al., 2009, Liu et al., 2009, Lv et al., 2009, Pérez-Garijo et al., 2009, Chang et al., 2008, Li and Cadigan, 2008, Pastor-Pareja et al., 2008, Siddique et al., 2008, Agnès et al., 2007, Copeland et al., 2007, Di Stefano et al., 2007, Gupta et al., 2007, Huh et al., 2007, Kuranaga and Miura, 2007, Li et al., 2007, Link et al., 2007, Neisch et al., 2007, Ribeiro et al., 2007, Volk and Reuveny, 2007, Volohonsky et al., 2007, Adrain, 2006, Baehrecke, 2006, Hays, 2006, Herz, 2006, Lee et al., 2006, Means et al., 2006, Montell, 2006, Moskalev et al., 2006, Wells et al., 2006, Yan et al., 2006, Gaul et al., 2005, Guan et al., 2005, Juhasz and Sass, 2005, Perez-Garijo et al., 2005, Rosenzweig et al., 2005, Waldhuber et al., 2005, Anonymous, 2004, Dotto and Silke, 2004, Huh et al., 2004, Igaki and Miura, 2004, Shiozaki and Shi, 2004, Yan et al., 2004, Yokokura et al., 2004, Baehrecke, 2003, Baehrecke, 2003, Brachmann and Cagan, 2003, Gozani et al., 2002, Holcik, 2002, Igaki et al., 2002, Li et al., 2002, Luque et al., 2002, Varghese et al., 2002, Adams and Cory, 2001, Wu et al., 2001, Kumar, 2000, Steller, 2000, Abrams, 1999, Conlan and Raff, 1999, Thress et al., 1999, White, 1999)
      Hid1
      (Finnegan and Matzke, 2003)
      W
      (Aleksic et al., 2013, Chow et al., 2013, Czech et al., 2013, Sen et al., 2013, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Zhai et al., 2012, Suska et al., 2011, Fishilevich et al., 2010, Hilgers et al., 2010, Kazemian et al., 2010, Xiang et al., 2010, Krejcí et al., 2009, Tanaka-Matakatsu et al., 2009, Wang et al., 2009, Wheeler et al., 2009, Mehrotra et al., 2008, Wang et al., 2008, Dietzl et al., 2007, Hueber et al., 2007, Luo et al., 2007, Norgate et al., 2007, Wang and Lin, 2007, Morris et al., 2006, Burgler and Macdonald, 2005, Liu et al., 2005)
      hid
      (Bajar et al., 2022, Chakravarti et al., 2022, Cortot et al., 2022, Goyal et al., 2022, Yildirim et al., 2022, Akai et al., 2021, Al L Abaquita et al., 2021, Bejarano et al., 2021, Buchman et al., 2021, Buhlman et al., 2021, Costa-Rodrigues et al., 2021, DeAngelis et al., 2021, Deshpande et al., 2021, Dillard et al., 2021, Evans et al., 2021, Ferguson et al., 2021, Joy et al., 2021, Klemm et al., 2021, Lee and Adams, 2021, Lee and Park, 2021, Loganathan et al., 2021, Marques-Reis and Moreno, 2021, Maurya et al., 2021, Nagel et al., 2021, Nishida et al., 2021, Osman and Pek, 2021, Song et al., 2021, Spratford et al., 2021, Wang et al., 2021, Brown et al., 2020, Coelho, 2020, Gerlach and Herranz, 2020, Hayashi and Ogura, 2020, Krautz et al., 2020, La Marca and Richardson, 2020, Li and Hidalgo, 2020, Makhnovskii et al., 2020, Maselko et al., 2020, Mehta et al., 2020, Morata and Calleja, 2020, Muñoz-Nava et al., 2020, Ojha and Tapadia, 2020, Öztürk-Çolak et al., 2020, Park et al., 2020, P et al., 2020, Pop et al., 2020, Ramond et al., 2020, Saini et al., 2020, Sato and Yamamoto, 2020, Vuong et al., 2020, Waghmare et al., 2020, Wang and Spradling, 2020, Xia et al., 2020, Xu et al., 2020, Yu et al., 2020, Zeng et al., 2020, Zhao et al., 2020, Coelho and Moreno, 2019, Gerlach et al., 2019, Hall et al., 2019, Herrera and Bach, 2019, Hwang et al., 2019, Jacomin et al., 2019, Khan et al., 2019, Lee et al., 2019, Mehta and Singh, 2019, Meltzer et al., 2019, Moreno et al., 2019, Murcia et al., 2019, Pahl et al., 2019, Park et al., 2019, Pinal et al., 2019, Rimal and Lee, 2019, Rimal et al., 2019, Sanchez Bosch et al., 2019, Simon et al., 2019, Wu et al., 2019, Wu et al., 2019, Ahmed-de-Prado and Baonza, 2018, Akagi et al., 2018, Alpar et al., 2018, Ameku et al., 2018, Ariss et al., 2018, Baena-Lopez et al., 2018, Córdoba and Estella, 2018, Crossman et al., 2018, Donohoe et al., 2018, Dubey and Tapadia, 2018, Feng et al., 2018, Jeong et al., 2018, Jia et al., 2018, Kang et al., 2018, Mlih et al., 2018, Mondal et al., 2018, Paul et al., 2018, Velentzas et al., 2018, Verghese and Su, 2018, Volin et al., 2018, Walls et al., 2018, Waters et al., 2018, Xu et al., 2018, Zhang et al., 2018, Aw et al., 2017, Diwanji and Bergmann, 2017, Hu et al., 2017.6.13, Kamber Kaya et al., 2017, Kang et al., 2017, Khan et al., 2017, Kojima, 2017, Lamaze et al., 2017, Lu et al., 2017, Martín et al., 2017, Ni et al., 2017, Perry et al., 2017, Schott et al., 2017, Tavignot et al., 2017, Torres et al., 2017, Tsuda et al., 2017, Wang et al., 2017, Bhogal et al., 2016, Chiang et al., 2016, Clandinin and Owens, 2016-, Hwangbo et al., 2016, Jenny and Basler, 2016, Kockel et al., 2016, Koerver et al., 2016, Li et al., 2016, Merino et al., 2016, Qi and Calvi, 2016, Sheng et al., 2016, Sokabe et al., 2016, Verghese and Su, 2016, Wu et al., 2016, Yasin et al., 2016, Zhang et al., 2016, Zhang et al., 2016, Ayyaz et al., 2015, Chakraborty et al., 2015, Das et al., 2015, Dwivedi et al., 2015, Edman et al., 2015, Elenbaas et al., 2015, Gene Disruption Project members, 2015-, Head et al., 2015, Jones and Macdonald, 2015, Kim et al., 2015, Kovacs et al., 2015, Lim et al., 2015, Lin et al., 2015, Liu et al., 2015, Louis et al., 2015, Merino et al., 2015, Panneton et al., 2015, Shklover et al., 2015, Su, 2015, Waldron et al., 2015, Wang and Baker, 2015, Wang et al., 2015, Wangler et al., 2015, Wu et al., 2015, Wu et al., 2015, Yu et al., 2015, Zhang et al., 2015, Zhang et al., 2015, Zhang et al., 2015, Andrews et al., 2014, Bertet et al., 2014, Bhaskar et al., 2014, Bilak et al., 2014, Chen et al., 2014, Chuang et al., 2014, Córdoba and Estella, 2014, Fan et al., 2014, Fu et al., 2014, Guarner et al., 2014, Herrera and Morata, 2014, Ihry and Bashirullah, 2014, Liu et al., 2014, Muliyil and Narasimha, 2014, Neuman et al., 2014, Selcho et al., 2014, Sha et al., 2014, Shklyar et al., 2014, Steller et al., 2014.7.9, Stickel and Su, 2014, Truscott et al., 2014, Wong et al., 2014, Yang et al., 2014, Zhang et al., 2014, Zhang et al., 2014, Bergwitz et al., 2013, Castellanos et al., 2013, Christiansen et al., 2013, Coelho et al., 2013, Dichtel-Danjoy et al., 2013, Fan et al., 2013, Fan et al., 2013, Fox et al., 2013, Herrera et al., 2013, Jukam et al., 2013, Lee and Montell, 2013, Lee et al., 2013, Lee et al., 2013, Link et al., 2013, Liu et al., 2013, Morishita et al., 2013, Newquist et al., 2013, Oh et al., 2013, Pechkovsky et al., 2013, Pérez-Garijo et al., 2013, Resende et al., 2013, Rudrapatna et al., 2013, Suzanne and Steller, 2013, Wang et al., 2013, Yang et al., 2013, Zhang and Cohen, 2013, Zhang et al., 2013, Zoranovic et al., 2013, Berni et al., 2012, Bhattacharya et al., 2012, Broderick et al., 2012, Davidson and Duronio, 2012, Djuranovic et al., 2012, Domingues and Ryoo, 2012, Frizzell et al., 2012, Ge et al., 2012, Gistelinck et al., 2012, Hermann et al., 2012, Ihry et al., 2012, Kanao et al., 2012, Kaneko et al., 2012, Kelsey et al., 2012, Kim et al., 2012, Kuo et al., 2012, Lee and Fischer, 2012, Lewis et al., 2012, Lim et al., 2012, Liu et al., 2012, Ma et al., 2012, Marchal et al., 2012, Olesnicky et al., 2012, Osterloh et al., 2012, Schoenherr et al., 2012, Shlevkov and Morata, 2012, Abruzzi et al., 2011, Ambegaokar and Jackson, 2011, Azad et al., 2011, Biteau et al., 2011, Chung et al., 2011, Gafuik and Steller, 2011, Kanda et al., 2011, Keene et al., 2011, Khammari et al., 2011, Koon et al., 2011, Laverty et al., 2011, Lee et al., 2011, Lin et al., 2011, McCann et al., 2011, Muliyil et al., 2011, Muñoz-Soriano and Paricio, 2011, Rauschenbach et al., 2011, Repiso et al., 2011, Schnakenberg et al., 2011, Shukla and Tapadia, 2011, Sinenko et al., 2011, Suissa et al., 2011, Suska et al., 2011, Tan et al., 2011, Tapadia and Gautam, 2011, Truscott et al., 2011, Wang et al., 2011, Weyers et al., 2011, Winbush and Weeks, 2011, Yuan et al., 2011, Baer et al., 2010, Bao et al., 2010, Benitez et al., 2010, Ben-Shahar et al., 2010, Broemer et al., 2010, Bulchand et al., 2010, Das Thakur et al., 2010, Fan and Bergmann, 2010, Fan et al., 2010, Gruntenko et al., 2010, Hamasaka et al., 2010, Hao et al., 2010, Hilgers et al., 2010, Hwang et al., 2010, Kanao et al., 2010, Kerman and Andrew, 2010, Kim et al., 2010, Li et al., 2010, Li et al., 2010, Neisch et al., 2010, Portela et al., 2010, Rhiner et al., 2010, Richardson and Pichaud, 2010, Sandu et al., 2010, Schoenmann et al., 2010, Schreader et al., 2010, Siegrist et al., 2010, Suzanne et al., 2010, Wang et al., 2010, Xiang et al., 2010, Yoshii et al., 2010, Babcock et al., 2009, Billeter et al., 2009, Buechling et al., 2009, Charroux and Royet, 2009, Chen and Condron, 2009, Chittaranjan et al., 2009, Chung et al., 2009, Cziko et al., 2009, Fox and Spradling, 2009, Galindo et al., 2009, González and Busturia, 2009, Herz et al., 2009, Hong et al., 2009, Krejcí et al., 2009, Kumar et al., 2009, Kuraishi et al., 2009, Maezawa et al., 2009, Mallik and Lakhotia, 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      hid1
      (Pearson et al., 2005)
      his
      (Mazzoni et al., 2005)
      l(3)05014
      (Spradling, 1999.12.9)
      Name Synonyms
      Head involuted defective
      (Chang et al., 2008)
      Head involution defect
      (Nicolson et al., 2015)
      Head involution defective
      (Amoyel and Bach, 2014, Xiang et al., 2010, Guan et al., 2007, Baehrecke, 2006, Guan et al., 2005, Waldhuber et al., 2005)
      Wrinkled
      (Arefin et al., 2014, Castellanos et al., 2013, Chow et al., 2013, Zhai et al., 2012, Figeac et al., 2010, Fishilevich et al., 2010, Billeter et al., 2009, Krejcí et al., 2009, Kumar et al., 2009, Liu et al., 2009, Costantino et al., 2008, Mehrotra et al., 2008, Lecuit and Le Goff, 2007, Wang and Lin, 2007, Liu et al., 2005)
      head involuted
      (Fiehler and Wolff, 2007)
      head involution defect
      (Roman, 2004)
      head involution defective
      (Córdoba and Estella, 2018, Zhang et al., 2018, Ayyaz et al., 2015, Wangler et al., 2015, Zhang et al., 2015, Griciuc et al., 2014, Steller et al., 2014.7.9, Herrera et al., 2013, Pechkovsky et al., 2013, Zhang and Cohen, 2013, Zoranovic et al., 2013, Ge et al., 2012, Ma et al., 2012, Kanda et al., 2011, Suska et al., 2011, Tapadia and Gautam, 2011, Bulchand et al., 2010, Fan et al., 2010, Hilgers et al., 2010, Karlsson et al., 2010, Billeter et al., 2009, Chittaranjan et al., 2009, Chung et al., 2009, Krejcí et al., 2009, Kumar et al., 2009, Maezawa et al., 2009, Xu et al., 2009, Yorozu et al., 2009, Benchabane et al., 2008, Buch et al., 2008, DeFalco et al., 2008, Liao et al., 2008, Zhang et al., 2008, Busza et al., 2007, Mondal et al., 2007, Picot et al., 2007, Thummel, 2007, Yin et al., 2007, Brun et al., 2006, Nelliot et al., 2006, Parker, 2006, Mazzoni et al., 2005, Sano et al., 2005, Zhou, 2005, Lai and Orgogozo, 2004, Enright et al., 2003, Van Hoof and Goris, 2003, Li et al., 2002, Baker, 2001, vanden Broeck, 2001, Farkas and Mechler, 2000)
      head involution defective 1
      (Pearson et al., 2005)
      head-involution defective
      (Terhzaz et al., 2007)
      head-involution-defective
      (Belgacem and Martin, 2006)
      hid
      (Chew et al., 2004)
      wrinkled
      (Wagner et al., 2009, Enright et al., 2003)
      wrinkler
      (Shyamala and Bhat, 2002)
      Secondary FlyBase IDs
      • FBgn0010852
      Datasets (0)
      Study focus (0)
      Experimental Role
      Project
      Project Type
      Title
      Study result (0)
      Result
      Result Type
      Title
      References (1,203)