FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\fru
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\fru
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
fruitless
Annotation Symbol
CG14307
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0004652
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
393 publicly available
Gene Summary
fruitless (fru) encodes a BTB zinc finger transcription factor that contributes to sexual differentiation of the neural circuits underlying male sexual behavior. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

satori, sat, BTB-VI

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
91A6-91B3
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-64
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:18414273..18545586
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (21 terms)
Molecular Function (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity
traceable author statement
(Schutt and Nothiger, 2000)
non-traceable author statement
(Zollman et al., 1994)
non-traceable author statement
(Greenspan and Ferveur, 2000)
Biological Process (19 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (15 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in aggressive behavior
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Chan and Kravitz, 2007)
involved_in axon midline choice point recognition
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Mellert et al., 2010)
involved_in central nervous system development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Song et al., 2002)
involved_in central nervous system neuron development
inferred from direct assay
(Kimura et al., 2005)
involved_in dendrite morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Goto et al., 2011)
involved_in male courtship behavior, tapping to detect pheromone
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Manoli et al., 2005)
involved_in male courtship behavior, veined wing extension
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Manoli et al., 2005)
involved_in male courtship behavior, veined wing generated song production
inferred from mutant phenotype
(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Ryner et al., 1996)
involved_in male courtship behavior, veined wing vibration
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Wheeler et al., 1989)
involved_in male courtship behavior
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Neville et al., 2014, Ramdya et al., 2012, Lee et al., 2008, Manoli et al., 2005, Villella et al., 2005, Anand et al., 2001, Nilsson et al., 2000, Usui-Aoki et al., 2000, Gailey et al., 1991)
involved_in male mating behavior
inferred from mutant phenotype
(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
involved_in mating behavior, sex discrimination
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Manoli et al., 2005)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Certel et al., 2010)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Tbh; FB:FBgn0010329
(Certel et al., 2010)
involved_in mating behavior
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Lee et al., 2001)
involved_in muscle organ development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Usui-Aoki et al., 2000, Ryner et al., 1996)
involved_in sex determination
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Usui-Aoki et al., 2000, Ryner et al., 1996)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (9 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in central nervous system development
traceable author statement
(Emmons and Lipton, 2003)
involved_in copulation
non-traceable author statement
(Emmons and Lipton, 2003)
traceable author statement
(Billeter et al., 2002)
involved_in male courtship behavior, orientation prior to leg tapping and wing vibration
non-traceable author statement
(Billeter et al., 2002)
involved_in male courtship behavior, veined wing generated song production
traceable author statement
(Billeter et al., 2002)
involved_in male courtship behavior
traceable author statement
(Christiansen et al., 2002, Baker et al., 2001, Sokolowski, 2001)
non-traceable author statement
(Emmons and Lipton, 2003, Greenspan and Ferveur, 2000)
involved_in male sex differentiation
traceable author statement
(Emmons and Lipton, 2003)
involved_in mating behavior, sex discrimination
traceable author statement
(Emmons and Lipton, 2003)
involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001135010
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in sex determination
traceable author statement
(Sokolowski, 2001, Greenspan and Ferveur, 2000)
Cellular Component (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in nucleus
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001135010
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
fruitless (fru) encodes a BTB zinc finger transcription factor that contributes to sexual differentiation of the neural circuits underlying male sexual behavior. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
C2H2 ZINC FINGER TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS -
Zinc finger C2H2 transcription factors are sequence-specific DNA binding proteins that regulate transcription. They possess DNA-binding domains that are formed from repeated Cys2His2 zinc finger motifs. (Adapted from PMID:1835093, FBrf0220103 and FBrf0155739).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Probably acts as a transcriptional regulator. Part of the somatic sex determination hierarchy; sex determination genes transformer (tra) and transformer-2 (tra-2) switch fru splicing from the male-specific pattern to the female-specific pattern through activation of the female-specific fru 5'-splice site. Vital for the development of males and females. Controls the development of the male specific abdominal muscle of Lawrence. Plays a role in male courtship behavior and sexual orientation. Enhances male-specific expression of takeout in brain-associated fat body.
(UniProt, Q8IN81)
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
fru: fruitless (J.C. Hall)
Males court but do not mate with females; fru males court other males (especially when such flies also are homozygous for fru) and stimulate vigorous courtship on the part of fru or wild-type males. Mutant males produce volatile compounds different from those generated by normal males, on criteria of gas chromatography and bioassays of behavioral effects of these compounds; females appear to be unaffected by fru, which is not allelic to sr.
Summary (Interactive Fly)

zinc finger transcription factor - sex determination - controls somatic sexual identity - regulates mating behavior - specifies sexually dimorphic neural circuitry in the brain

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
15
Number of Unique Polypeptides
13

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\fru for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q8IN81)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.44

Stop-codon suppression (UGA) postulated; FBrf0216884.

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Annotated transcripts do not represent all possible combinations of alternative exons and/or alternative promoters.

Gene model reviewed during 5.46

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
fru-RA
FBtr0083646
NM_169821
5546
516
fru-RB
FBtr0083641
NM_169816
4159
789
fru-RC
FBtr0083642
NM_169820
5140
854
fru-RD
FBtr0083647
NM_169822
2254
665
fru-RE
FBtr0083643
NM_169819
3539
955
fru-RF
FBtr0083644
NM_079673
6960
688
fru-RG
FBtr0083645
NM_169817
6798
796
fru-RH
FBtr0083640
NM_169818
8399
695
fru-RI
FBtr0083648
NM_206516
2842
870
fru-RJ
FBtr0083649
NM_206515
2994
906
fru-RK
FBtr0083650
NM_206514
6650
705
fru-RL
FBtr0083651
NM_206513
3402
854
fru-RM
FBtr0083652
NM_206512
2845
854
fru-RN
FBtr0301284
NM_001170177
3554
960
fru-RO
FBtr0330040
NM_001275783
8399
882
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

5.0, 4.3 (northern blot); 2.852 (longest cDNA)

(Ito et al., 1996)

9.0, 8.0, 7.9, 7.4, 6.4, 5.4, 4.4 (northern blot)

(Ryner et al., 1996)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
fru-PA
FBpp0083066
55.1
516
5.75
NP_732349
AAF55564
fru-PB
FBpp0083061
84.0
789
7.67
NP_732344
AAF55562
fru-PC
FBpp0083062
91.9
854
6.83
NP_732348
AAF55565
fru-PD
FBpp0083067
72.4
665
7.93
NP_732350
AAN13777
fru-PE
FBpp0083063
102.9
955
7.02
Q8IN81
NP_732347
AAN13776
fru-PF
FBpp0083064
73.1
688
7.45
NP_524397
AAN13774
fru-PG
FBpp0083065
86.5
796
7.55
NP_732345
AAF55563
fru-PH
FBpp0083060
75.5
695
7.32
NP_732346
AAN13775
fru-PI
FBpp0089355
93.8
870
6.92
NP_996238
AAS65173
fru-PJ
FBpp0089356
97.6
906
6.88
NP_996237
AAS65174
fru-PK
FBpp0089357
76.7
705
7.32
NP_996236
AAS65172
fru-PL
FBpp0089358
91.9
854
6.83
NP_996235
AAS65175
fru-PM
FBpp0089359
91.9
854
6.83
NP_996234
AAS65176
fru-PN
FBpp0290499
103.4
960
7.02
E1JIP5
NP_001163648
ACZ94944
fru-PO
FBpp0303073
97.7
882
7.28
A0A0B4KG97
NP_001262712
AGB96092
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

854 aa isoforms: fru-PC, fru-PL, fru-PM
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

855 (aa)

(Ito et al., 1996)

776, 675 (aa)

(Ryner et al., 1996)
Comments

Multiple fru proteins are produced from

alternatively spliced fru transcripts. A female-specific form of fru

protein lacks 101 N-terminal amino acids present in a male-specific fru

protein. Differences are also found in the zinc finger pairs present at

the carboxy terminus. In related proteins, these zinc finger pairs confer

distinct DNA-binding specificity and are expressed in cell-specific

patterns.

(Ryner et al., 1996)
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\fru using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.06

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 1 -- 3
organism | ubiquitous

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 4 -- 6
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 7 -- 8
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 9 -- 10
organism | faint | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
organism | faint | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
organism | faint | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
third instar larval stage
mushroom body
(Ito et al., 1996)
adult optic lobe
(Ito et al., 1996)
larval ventral nerve cord
(Ito et al., 1996)
wandering third instar larval stage | male
central nervous system | faint | restricted
(Lee et al., 2000)
wandering third instar larval stage -- prepupal stage P1
central nervous system | faint | restricted
(Lee et al., 2000)
prepupal stage P1 | male
central nervous system | faint | restricted
(Lee et al., 2000)
prepupal stage P3 | male
central nervous system | restricted

Comment: 6h APF

(Lee et al., 2000)
pupal stage P5(ii) -- pharate adult stage P9
central nervous system | restricted

Comment: 15h to 72h APF

(Lee et al., 2000)
pupal stage P6 | male
pupal brain | intense | restricted

Comment: 24h and 48h APF

(Lee et al., 2000)
adult ventral nerve cord | intense | restricted

Comment: 24h and 48h APF

(Lee et al., 2000)
pupal stage P6 -- pharate adult stage P8
pupal brain | intense | restricted

Comment: 24h and 48h APF

(Lee et al., 2000)
adult ventral nerve cord | intense | restricted

Comment: 24h and 48h APF

(Lee et al., 2000)
pharate adult stage P8
pupal brain | intense | restricted

Comment: 24h and 48h APF

(Lee et al., 2000)
pharate adult stage P8 | male
adult ventral nerve cord | intense | restricted

Comment: 24h and 48h APF

(Lee et al., 2000)
medulla | restricted

Comment: 48h APF

(Lee et al., 2000)
lobula | restricted

Comment: 48h APF

(Lee et al., 2000)
pharate adult stage P9 | male
pupal central nervous system | restricted

Comment: 72h and 96h APF

(Lee et al., 2000)
pharate adult stage P9 -- pharate adult stage P15(i)
pupal central nervous system | restricted

Comment: 72h and 96h APF

(Lee et al., 2000)
pharate adult stage P15(i) | male
pupal central nervous system | restricted

Comment: 72h and 96h APF

(Lee et al., 2000)
adult stage | male
adult brain | restricted
(Lee et al., 2000)
adult ventral nerve cord | restricted
(Lee et al., 2000)
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage | male
central nervous system | restricted
(Ryner et al., 1996)
head
(Ryner et al., 1996)
adult head
(Ryner et al., 1996)
(Ito et al., 1996)
adult stage | female
adult head
(Ryner et al., 1996)
central nervous system | restricted
(Ryner et al., 1996)
(Ito et al., 1996)
Additional Descriptive Data

The sexually dimorphic expression of fru transcript is first observed at 15h APF in the abdominal ganglion and again at 48h APF.

(Lee et al., 2000)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
third instar larval stage
imaginal disc

Comment: Antibody detects both male and female isoforms.

(Lee et al., 2000)
embryonic/larval hypodermal muscle cell

Comment: Antibody detects both male and female isoforms.

(Lee et al., 2000)
gonad

Comment: Antibody detects both male and female isoforms.

(Lee et al., 2000)
third instar larval stage -- adult stage
central nervous system | restricted

Comment: Antibody detects both male and female isoforms.

(Lee et al., 2000)
late third instar larval stage | male
central nervous system | faint | restricted

Comment: Antibody detects male-specific isoform.

(Lee et al., 2000)
pupal stage | male
brain | restricted
(Goto et al., 2011)
central nervous system | restricted

Comment: Antibody detects male-specific isoform.

(Lee et al., 2000)
pupal stage -- adult stage
central nervous system | restricted

Comment: Antibody detects male-specific isoform.

(Lee et al., 2000)
pupal stage P6 | male
larval ventral nerve cord | restricted
(Goto et al., 2011)
pharate adult stage | male -- adult stage | male
central nervous system | restricted
(Billeter and Goodwin, 2004)
central nervous system | anterior | restricted
(Billeter and Goodwin, 2004)
central nervous system | posterior | restricted
(Billeter and Goodwin, 2004)
adult ventral nerve cord | restricted
(Billeter and Goodwin, 2004)
adult protocerebrum | faint | restricted
(Billeter and Goodwin, 2004)
pharate adult stage -- adult stage
adult pars intercerebralis | restricted
(Billeter and Goodwin, 2004)
pharate adult stage P8 | male
• nucleus

Comment: 48h APF. Antibody detects male-specific isoform.

(Lee et al., 2000)
adult central nervous system | restricted

Comment: specific to isoforms A and C of fru[M]

(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
superior medial protocerebrum | restricted

Comment: specific to isoforms A and C of fru[M]

(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult mushroom body | restricted

Comment: specific to isoform A of fru[M]

(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult antennal lobe | restricted

Comment: specific to isoform C of fru[M]

(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult optic lobe | restricted

Comment: specific to isoform A of fru[M]

(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
pharate adult stage P8 -- P9
pupal epidermis

Comment: 24h and 96h APF. Antibody detects both male and female isoforms.

(Lee et al., 2000)
flight muscle cell

Comment: 24h and 96h APF. Antibody detects both male and female isoforms.

(Lee et al., 2000)
adult stage | male
larval ventral nerve cord | restricted
(Billeter and Goodwin, 2004)
central nervous system | restricted

Comment: Antibody detects male-specific isoform.

(Lee et al., 2000)
adult central nervous system | restricted

Comment: specific to isoforms A and C of fru[M]

(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
superior medial protocerebrum | restricted

Comment: specific to isoforms A and C of fru[M]

(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult mushroom body | restricted

Comment: specific to isoform A of fru[M]

(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult antennal lobe | restricted

Comment: specific to isoform C of fru[M]

(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult optic lobe | restricted

Comment: specific to isoform A of fru[M]

(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult fruitless aDT-b (male) neuron

Comment: specific to isoforms A and C of fru[M]

(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult fruitless aDT-a neuron

Comment: specific to isoforms A and C of fru[M]

(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult fruitless aSP-b (male) neuron

Comment: specific to isoforms A and C of fru[M]

(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult fruitless aSP-a (male) neuron

Comment: specific to isoforms A and C of fru[M]

(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult fruitless aSP-g (male) neuron

Comment: specific to isoforms A and C of fru[M]

(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult fruitless aSP-k (male) neuron

Comment: specific to isoforms A and C of fru[M]

(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult fruitless aDT-d (male) neuron

Comment: specific to isoforms A and C of fru[M]

(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult fruitless pIP2 neuron

Comment: specific to isoforms A and C of fru[M]

(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult fruitless pIP-e (male) neuron

Comment: specific to isoforms A and C of fru[M]

(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
descending neuron of the posterior brain DNp36 (male)

Comment: specific to isoforms A and C of fru[M]

(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult fruitless P1 (male) neuron

Comment: specific to isoforms A and C of fru[M]

(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult fruitless M neuron

Comment: specific to isoforms A and C of fru[M]

(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult fruitless aIP3 neuron

Comment: specific to isoform A of fru[M]

(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult fruitless aSP3 neuron

Comment: specific to isoform A of fru[M]

(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult fruitless aSP-l neuron

Comment: specific to isoform A of fru[M]

(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult fruitless pMP-b (male) neuron

Comment: specific to isoform A of fru[M]

(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult fruitless aDT7 neuron

Comment: specific to isoforms A and C of fru[M]

(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
dopaminergic PAM neuron 1

Comment: specific to isoforms A and C of fru[M]

(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult fruitless aDT-h neuron

Comment: specific to isoform C of fru[M]

(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult fruitless pIP-a (male) neuron

Comment: specific to isoform C of fru[M]

(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult fruitless pIP10 (male) neuron

Comment: specific to isoform C of fru[M]

(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult fruitless aDT-g neuron

Comment: specific to isoform A of fru[M]

(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult fruitless aIP2 neuron

Comment: specific to isoform A of fru[M]

(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult fruitless MB neuron

Comment: specific to isoform A of fru[M]

(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult fruitless pIP-b neuron

Comment: specific to isoform A of fru[M]

(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult fruitless Lo neuron

Comment: specific to isoform A of fru[M]

(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult fruitless aDT4 neuron

Comment: specific to isoform C of fru[M]

(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult fruitless vPR1 neuron

Comment: specific to isoforms A and C of fru[M]

(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult fruitless vPR6 (male) neuron

Comment: specific to isoforms A and C of fru[M]

(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult fruitless vPR6 (female) neuron

Comment: specific to isoforms A and C of fru[M]

(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult fruitless dPR1 neuron

Comment: specific to isoform A of fru[M]

(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult fruitless vAB3 (male) neuron

Comment: specific to isoform C of fru[M]

(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)

Comment: specific to isoforms A and C of fru[M]

(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult stage
neuron | subset
(Al-Anzi et al., 2009)
adult brain | restricted
(Rideout et al., 2010, Al-Anzi et al., 2009)
adult ventral nerve cord | restricted
(Rideout et al., 2010, Al-Anzi et al., 2009)
gnathal ganglion | restricted
(Al-Anzi et al., 2009)
adult mushroom body | restricted
(Al-Anzi et al., 2009)
flight muscle cell

Comment: Antibody detects both male and female isoforms.

(Lee et al., 2000)
follicle cell

Comment: Antibody detects both male and female isoforms.

(Lee et al., 2000)
adult fruitless pMP-e (female) neuron

Comment: referred to as pC1

(Rideout et al., 2010)
adult fruitless pIP-e (female) neuron

Comment: referred to as pC2

(Rideout et al., 2010)
neuron | subset of adult brain
(Kimura et al., 2008)
adult fruitless P1 (male) neuron

Comment: referred to as P1

(Kimura et al., 2008)
adult fruitless aSP4 (female) neuron
(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult fruitless aSP4 (male) neuron
(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
Additional Descriptive Data

fru protein is detected in around 1000 neurons in the male pupal brain, including a cluster of neurons located dorsal and medially to the antennal lobe (mAL neurons). Expression is also observed in a subset of neurons in the ventral nerve cord. Almost all neurons that express fru protein also express hb protein. A subset of the neurons marked by fru are also labelled by ScerGAL4fru-NP0021.

(Goto et al., 2011)

Co-localisation of fru protein and ScerGAL4dsx.KI is observed in the pMP-e, pIP-e neurons, in the cluster referred to as pC3 and in the abdominal ganglion.

(Rideout et al., 2010)

fru is expressed in two neurons of the subesophageal ganglion, and four to eight neurons in the neurosecretory cluster that contains the insulin-like producing neurons.

(Al-Anzi et al., 2009)

Expression of fru in the central nervous system peaks in intensity at the second day of pupation and becomes two-fold weaker in adults. It is seen in approximately 20 neuronal clusters distributed throughout the CNS, corresponding to approximately 2000 cells. Expression of fru is seen in the cortex of the pars intercerebralis.

(Billeter and Goodwin, 2004)

In third instar larvae, the fru isoform common to males and females is expressed in the brain and ventral nerve cord of both males and females. In males, this pattern includes those cells which are labelled by the male-specific antibody. In 48h APF pupae, the signal detected corresponds to the male specific isoform. In 96h APF, labelling is observed in both sexes, although levels in females are weaker. In males, strong signal corresponding to the male-specific isoform is observed. In adults, cytoplasmic staining common to both sexes is observed within the CNS. In males, strong signal is detected corresponding to the male-specific isoform.

(Lee et al., 2000)

The 776aa form of fru protein is male specific.

(Ryner et al., 1996)

The 675aa form of fru protein is female specific.

(Ryner et al., 1996)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
Reporter: P{fru-GAL4.16}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
late third instar larval stage -- adult stage | male
central nervous system | restricted
(Billeter and Goodwin, 2004)
adult stage
second segment of antenna | restricted
(Billeter and Goodwin, 2004)
Johnston organ | restricted
(Billeter and Goodwin, 2004)
leg | restricted
(Billeter and Goodwin, 2004)
trochanter | restricted
(Billeter and Goodwin, 2004)
femur | restricted
(Billeter and Goodwin, 2004)
tibia | restricted
(Billeter and Goodwin, 2004)
metatarsus | restricted
(Billeter and Goodwin, 2004)
tarsal segment 2 | restricted
(Billeter and Goodwin, 2004)
tarsal segment 3 | restricted
(Billeter and Goodwin, 2004)
tarsal segment 4 | restricted
(Billeter and Goodwin, 2004)
pretarsus | restricted
(Billeter and Goodwin, 2004)
tegula | restricted
(Billeter and Goodwin, 2004)
wing | restricted
(Billeter and Goodwin, 2004)
anterior wing margin | restricted
(Billeter and Goodwin, 2004)
haltere pedicel | restricted
(Billeter and Goodwin, 2004)
scabellum | restricted
(Billeter and Goodwin, 2004)
larval ventral nerve cord | restricted
(Billeter and Goodwin, 2004)
neuron of muscle cell of muscle of Lawrence
(Billeter and Goodwin, 2004)
neuron of seminal vesicle
(Billeter and Goodwin, 2004)
neuron of testicular duct
(Billeter and Goodwin, 2004)
neuron of anterior ejaculatory duct
(Billeter and Goodwin, 2004)
neuron of ejaculatory bulb
(Billeter and Goodwin, 2004)
neuron of phallus
(Billeter and Goodwin, 2004)
Reporter: P{fru-GAL4.U}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
medulla directional M6 local neuron
(Chin et al., 2014)
Reporter: P{GAL4}11-32
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult fruitless pIP-a (female) neuron
(Yu et al., 2010)
neuron | subset of adult ventral nerve cord
(Yu et al., 2010)
descending neuron of the posterior brain DNp02
(Matsuo et al., 2016)
Reporter: P{GawB}fruNP0021
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
third instar larval stage
surface layer of the larval mushroom body
(Pauls et al., 2010, Pauls et al., 2010)
outer layer of the larval mushroom body
(Pauls et al., 2010, Pauls et al., 2010)
inner layer of the larval mushroom body
(Pauls et al., 2010, Pauls et al., 2010)
larval central brain
(Olson et al., 2019)
embryonic/larval mushroom body
(Olson et al., 2019)
eye disc
(Olson et al., 2019)
eye-antennal disc
(Olson et al., 2019)
antennal disc
(Olson et al., 2019)
mesothoracic tergum primordium
(Olson et al., 2019)
wing hinge primordium
(Olson et al., 2019)
wing pouch | restricted
(Olson et al., 2019)
embryonic/larval dorsal vessel
(Olson et al., 2019)
pupal stage | male
brain | restricted
(Goto et al., 2011)
pupal stage P6 | male
larval ventral nerve cord | restricted
(Goto et al., 2011)
pupal stage P7
antennal lobe glomerulus DA1
(Sakurai et al., 2009)
adult stage
adult antennal lobe projection neuron | subset
(Tanaka et al., 2004)
adult antennal lobe projection neuron | subset of antennal lobe glomerulus DA1
(Potter et al., 2010)
gamma Kenyon cell
(Flybrain Neuron Database et al., 2018.6.28, Yagi et al., 2016, Pauls et al., 2010, Tanaka et al., 2008)
calyx of adult mushroom body
(Tanaka et al., 2008)
adult mushroom body
(Ito et al., 1997)
adult mushroom body | restricted
(Tanaka et al., 2004)
adult mushroom body gamma-lobe
(Pauls et al., 2010, Tanaka et al., 2004)
adult antennal lobe projection neuron DA1 lPN
(Tanaka et al., 2012)
lateral antennal lobe tract projection neuron | subset
(Tanaka et al., 2012)
Kenyon cell
(Flybrain Neuron Database et al., 2018.6.28)
adult stage | male
neuron | subset of adult brain
(Kimura et al., 2008)
adult fruitless aSP-b (male) neuron

Comment: referred to as aSP1

(Kimura et al., 2008)
adult fruitless aSP-a (male) neuron

Comment: referred to as aSP2

(Kimura et al., 2008)
adult fruitless aSP-f (male) neuron

Comment: referred to as aSP3a

(Kimura et al., 2008)
adult fruitless pSP-d neuron

Comment: referred to as aSP3b1

(Kimura et al., 2008)
adult fruitless aSP-g (male) neuron

Comment: referred to as aSP3b2

(Kimura et al., 2008)
adult fruitless aSP-k (male) neuron

Comment: referred to as aSP3c

(Kimura et al., 2008)
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron

Comment: referred to as Lv1+Ld

(Kimura et al., 2008)
adult fruitless pIP-b neuron

Comment: referred to as Lv2

(Kimura et al., 2008)
adult fruitless aDT-b (male) neuron

Comment: referred to as mAL

(Kimura et al., 2008)
adult fruitless aDT-d (male) neuron

Comment: referred to as AL1

(Kimura et al., 2008)
adult fruitless aDT-c neuron

Comment: referred to as AL2

(Kimura et al., 2008)
adult fruitless aDT-e (male) neuron

Comment: referred to as AL3

(Kimura et al., 2008)
adult fruitless aSP-i (male) neuron

Comment: referred to as AL5a

(Kimura et al., 2008)
adult fruitless aIP-c (male) neuron

Comment: referred to as AL5b and AL6b

(Kimura et al., 2008)
adult fruitless aIP-e (male) neuron

Comment: referred to as AL6a

(Kimura et al., 2008)
adult fruitless aDT-h neuron

Comment: referred to as mcALa

(Kimura et al., 2008)
adult fruitless M neuron
(Kimura et al., 2008)
adult fruitless Lo neuron
(Kimura et al., 2008)
adult fruitless P1 (male) neuron

Comment: referred to as P1

(Kimura et al., 2008)
descending neuron of the posterior brain DNp36 (male)

Comment: referred to as P2a and P2c

(Kimura et al., 2008)
adult fruitless pIP-a (male) neuron

Comment: referred to as P2b

(Kimura et al., 2008)
adult fruitless pMP-f (male) neuron

Comment: referred to as P2e

(Kimura et al., 2008)
adult fruitless pIP-e (male) neuron

Comment: referred to as P4a and P4b

(Kimura et al., 2008)
Reporter: P{GMR22H01-GAL4}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 9 -- 12
embryonic head
(Manning et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 16
embryonic/larval gut
(Manning et al., 2012)
Reporter: TI{GAL4}fruGAL4.P1.B
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
pupal stage P6 -- pharate adult stage
pupal brain | restricted
(Manoli et al., 2005)
adult ventral nerve cord | restricted
(Manoli et al., 2005)
pharate adult stage
olfactory system | restricted
(Manoli et al., 2005)
antennal lobe glomerulus DA1
(Manoli et al., 2005)
antennal lobe glomerulus VA1v
(Manoli et al., 2005)
antennal lobe glomerulus VL2
(Manoli et al., 2005)
adult gamma Kenyon cell
(Manoli et al., 2005)
alpha/beta Kenyon cell
(Manoli et al., 2005)
pharate adult stage -- adult stage
adult olfactory receptor neuron | subset
(Manoli et al., 2005)
adult stage
antennal olfactory receptor neuron of trichoid sensillum | subset
(Manoli et al., 2005)
maxillary palp olfactory receptor neuron | subset
(Manoli et al., 2005)
Johnston organ neuron | subset
(Manoli et al., 2005)
gustatory receptor neuron of the labellum | subset
(Manoli et al., 2005)
prothoracic leg taste bristle chemosensory neuron | subset
(Manoli et al., 2005)
adult olfactory receptor neuron Or67d
(Grosjean et al., 2011)
antennal lobe glomerulus DA1
(Grosjean et al., 2011)
adult olfactory receptor neuron Or47b
(Grosjean et al., 2011)
antennal lobe glomerulus VA1v
(Grosjean et al., 2011)
adult olfactory receptor neuron Ir84a
(Grosjean et al., 2011)
antennal lobe glomerulus VL2a
(Grosjean et al., 2011)
Reporter: TI{GAL4}fruGAL4.P1.D
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult fruitless pMP-b (female) neuron

Comment: referred to as DN1

(Ren et al., 2016, Ruta et al., 2010)
adult fruitless aSP-k (female) neuron

Comment: referred to as LC1

(Ruta et al., 2010)
adult fruitless aSP-h (female) neuron

Comment: referred to as DC2

(Ruta et al., 2010)
adult fruitless aSP-f (female) neuron

Comment: referred to as DC1

(Ruta et al., 2010)
adult fruitless aIP-e (female) neuron

Comment: referred to as LC2

(Ruta et al., 2010)
adult fruitless pSP-f neuron
(Cachero et al., 2010)
adult fruitless pSP-e neuron
(Cachero et al., 2010)
adult fruitless pSP-d neuron
(Cachero et al., 2010)
adult fruitless pSP-c neuron
(Cachero et al., 2010)
adult fruitless pSP-b (female) neuron
(Cachero et al., 2010)
adult fruitless pSP-a neuron
(Cachero et al., 2010)
adult fruitless pSG-e neuron
(Cachero et al., 2010)
adult fruitless pSG-d neuron
(Cachero et al., 2010)
adult fruitless pSG-c neuron
(Cachero et al., 2010)
adult fruitless pSG-b neuron
(Cachero et al., 2010)
adult fruitless pSG-a neuron
(Cachero et al., 2010)
adult fruitless pMP-g neuron
(Cachero et al., 2010)
adult fruitless pMP-f (female) neuron
(Cachero et al., 2010)
adult fruitless pMP-e (female) neuron
(Cachero et al., 2010)
adult fruitless pMP-d neuron
(Cachero et al., 2010)
adult fruitless pMP-c (female) neuron
(Cachero et al., 2010)
adult fruitless pMP-b (female) neuron
(Cachero et al., 2010)
adult fruitless pMP-a (female) neuron
(Cachero et al., 2010)
adult fruitless pIP-j neuron
(Cachero et al., 2010)
adult fruitless pIP-i neuron
(Cachero et al., 2010)
descending neuron of the posterior brain DNp36 (female)
(Cachero et al., 2010)
adult fruitless pIP-g neuron
(Cachero et al., 2010)
adult fruitless pIP-f neuron
(Cachero et al., 2010)
adult fruitless pIP-e (female) neuron
(Cachero et al., 2010)
adult fruitless pIP-d neuron
(Cachero et al., 2010)
adult fruitless pIP-c neuron
(Cachero et al., 2010)
adult fruitless pIP-b neuron
(Cachero et al., 2010)
adult fruitless pIP-a (female) neuron
(Cachero et al., 2010)
adult fruitless M neuron
(Cachero et al., 2010)
adult fruitless Lo neuron
(Cachero et al., 2010)
adult fruitless aSP-m neuron
(Cachero et al., 2010)
adult fruitless aSP-l neuron
(Cachero et al., 2010)
adult fruitless aSP-k (female) neuron
(Cachero et al., 2010)
adult fruitless aSP-j neuron
(Cachero et al., 2010)
adult fruitless aSP-i (female) neuron
(Cachero et al., 2010)
adult fruitless aSP-h (female) neuron
(Cachero et al., 2010)
adult fruitless aSP-g (female) neuron
(Cachero et al., 2010)
adult fruitless aSP-f (female) neuron
(Cachero et al., 2010)
adult fruitless aSP-e neuron
(Cachero et al., 2010)
adult fruitless aSP-d neuron
(Cachero et al., 2010)
adult fruitless aSP-c neuron
(Cachero et al., 2010)
adult fruitless aSP-b (female) neuron
(Cachero et al., 2010)
adult fruitless aSP-a (female) neuron
(Cachero et al., 2010)
adult fruitless aSG-a neuron
(Cachero et al., 2010)
adult fruitless aIP-h neuron
(Cachero et al., 2010)
adult fruitless aIP-g (female) neuron
(Cachero et al., 2010)
adult fruitless aIP-f neuron
(Cachero et al., 2010)
adult fruitless aIP-e (female) neuron
(Cachero et al., 2010)
adult fruitless aIP-d (female) neuron
(Cachero et al., 2010)
adult fruitless aIP-c (female) neuron
(Cachero et al., 2010)
adult fruitless aIP-b (female) neuron
(Cachero et al., 2010)
adult fruitless aIP-a neuron
(Cachero et al., 2010)
adult fruitless aDT-h neuron
(Cachero et al., 2010)
adult fruitless aDT-g neuron
(Cachero et al., 2010)
adult fruitless aDT-f neuron
(Cachero et al., 2010)
adult fruitless aDT-e (female) neuron
(Cachero et al., 2010)
adult fruitless aDT-d (female) neuron
(Cachero et al., 2010)
adult fruitless aDT-c neuron
(Cachero et al., 2010)
adult fruitless aDT-b (female) neuron
(Cachero et al., 2010)
adult fruitless aDT-a neuron
(Cachero et al., 2010)
neuron | subset of leg
(Yang et al., 2009)
neuron | subset of antenna
(Yang et al., 2009)
neuron | subset of ejaculatory duct

Comment: 2 neurons

(Yang et al., 2009)
neuron | subset of uterus
(Yang et al., 2009)
neuron | subset of lateral oviduct
(Yang et al., 2009)
antennal lobe glomerulus VA1v
(Grosjean et al., 2011)
neuron | subset
(Al-Anzi et al., 2009)
adult brain | restricted
(Al-Anzi et al., 2009)
adult ventral nerve cord | restricted
(Al-Anzi et al., 2009)
neuron of metathoracic neuromere | restricted
(Al-Anzi et al., 2009)
gnathal ganglion | restricted
(Al-Anzi et al., 2009)
adult mushroom body | restricted
(Al-Anzi et al., 2009)
adult olfactory receptor neuron Ir84a
(Grosjean et al., 2011)
antennal lobe glomerulus VL2a
(Grosjean et al., 2011)
adult olfactory receptor neuron Or67d
(Grosjean et al., 2011)
antennal lobe glomerulus DA1
(Grosjean et al., 2011)
adult olfactory receptor neuron Or47b
(Grosjean et al., 2011)
adult fruitless pMP-a (male) neuron
(Ren et al., 2016)
adult fruitless pMP-a (female) neuron
(Ren et al., 2016)
adult fruitless pMP-b (male) neuron
(Ren et al., 2016)
adult fruitless pMP-c (male) neuron | subset of adult DM3 lineage clone
(Ren et al., 2016)
adult fruitless pMP-c (female) neuron | subset of adult DM3 lineage clone
(Ren et al., 2016)
adult fruitless P1 (male) neuron | subset of adult DM4 lineage clone
(Ren et al., 2016)
adult fruitless pMP-e (female) neuron | subset of adult DM4 lineage clone
(Ren et al., 2016)
adult fruitless pIP-g neuron
(Ren et al., 2016)
adult fruitless pIP-j neuron | subset of adult DM5 lineage clone
(Ren et al., 2016)
adult fruitless pMP-f (male) neuron
(Ren et al., 2016)
adult fruitless pMP-f (female) neuron
(Ren et al., 2016)
descending neuron of the posterior brain DNp36 (male) | subset of adult DM6 lineage clone
(Ren et al., 2016)
descending neuron of the posterior brain DNp36 (female) | subset of adult DM6 lineage clone
(Ren et al., 2016)
adult fruitless pIP-e (male) neuron
(Ren et al., 2016)
adult fruitless pIP-e (female) neuron
(Ren et al., 2016)
adult fruitless pIP-a (male) neuron | subset of adult DL2 lineage clone
(Ren et al., 2016)
adult fruitless pIP-a (female) neuron | subset of adult DL2 lineage clone
(Ren et al., 2016)
adult dMP2 Ilp7 neuron
(Castellanos et al., 2013)
ps1 motor neuron
(Shirangi et al., 2013)
wing axillary muscle hg1 motor neuron
(Shirangi et al., 2013)
dorsal tp motor neuron
(Shirangi et al., 2013)
ventral tp motor neuron
(Shirangi et al., 2013)
flight muscle motor neuron
(Shirangi et al., 2013)
adult Drosulfakinin MP1 neuron | subset

Comment: A FLP/FRT strategy shows TI{GAL4}fruGAL4.P1.D drives expression in adult ingestion neuron 1 when combined with P{Dsk-FLP.W}.

(Wu et al., 2019)
adult Drosulfakinin MP3 neuron | subset

Comment: A FLP/FRT strategy shows TI{GAL4}fruGAL4.P1.D drives expression in adult ingestion neuron 1 when combined with P{Dsk-FLP.W}.

(Wu et al., 2019)
adult insulin secreting cell of pars intercerebralis | subset

Comment: A FLP/FRT strategy shows TI{GAL4}fruGAL4.P1.D drives expression in adult ingestion neuron 1 when combined with P{Dsk-FLP.W}.

(Wu et al., 2019)
gustatory receptor neuron
(Mellert et al., 2012)
adult stage | female
fruitless expressing neuron | subset of uterus
(Häsemeyer et al., 2009)
adult sex peptide sensory neuron
(Häsemeyer et al., 2009)
adult sex peptide sensory neuron of uterus
(Häsemeyer et al., 2009)
Reporter: TI{lexA::VP16}fruP1.LexA
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
pupal stage P6 -- adult stage
gustatory receptor neuron | subset of prothoracic tarsal segment
(Mellert et al., 2010)
adult stage
prothoracic leg taste bristle chemosensory neuron | subset
(Lu et al., 2012)
adult brain | restricted
(Li et al., 2011)
adult mushroom body alpha-lobe | restricted
(Li et al., 2011)
adult mushroom body beta-lobe | restricted
(Li et al., 2011)
adult mushroom body gamma-lobe | restricted
(Li et al., 2011)
adult mushroom body alpha'-lobe | restricted
(Li et al., 2011)
adult mushroom body beta'-lobe | restricted
(Li et al., 2011)
antennal lobe glomerulus DA1
(Li et al., 2011)
antennal lobe glomerulus VA1v
(Li et al., 2011)
fruitless expressing neuron
(Wang et al., 2020, Meissner et al., 2016)
fruitless-expressing lobula columnar neuron LC10a
(Ribeiro et al., 2018)
adult doublesex pCd (male) neuron | subset
(Jung et al., 2020)
adult Drosulfakinin MP1 neuron | subset

Comment: co-localizes with P{Dsk-GAL4.W}.

A FLP/FRT strategy shows TI{lexA::VP16}fruP1.LexA drives expression in adult ingestion neuron 1 when combined with P{Dsk-GAL4.W}. Only stochastic expression observed.

(Wu et al., 2019)
adult Drosulfakinin MP3 neuron | subset

Comment: co-localizes with P{Dsk-GAL4.W}.

A FLP/FRT strategy shows TI{lexA::VP16}fruP1.LexA drives expression in adult ingestion neuron 1 when combined with P{Dsk-GAL4.W}. Only stochastic expression observed.

(Wu et al., 2019)
adult fruitless P1 (male) neuron

Comment: A FLP/FRT strategy shows TI{lexA::VP16}fruP1.LexA drives expression in adult ingestion neuron 1 when combined with TI{GAL4::p65}CCKLR-17D3GAL4::p65.

(Wu et al., 2019)
oviposition descending neuron oviDN
(Wang et al., 2020)
labellar taste bristle mechanosensory neuron | subset
(Thistle et al., 2012)
leg taste bristle chemosensory neuron | subset
(Thistle et al., 2012)
adult fruitless pIP10 (male) neuron
(Lillvis et al., 2024)
adult fruitless pMP2 neuron
(Lillvis et al., 2024)
adult fruitless dPR1 neuron
(Lillvis et al., 2024)
adult fruitless dMS9 neuron
(Lillvis et al., 2024)
adult fruitless vMS12 neuron
(Lillvis et al., 2024)
adult doublesex TN1A (male) neuron
(Lillvis et al., 2024)
adult fruitless dMS2 neuron
(Lillvis et al., 2024)
adult fruitless vPR9 neuron
(Lillvis et al., 2024)
adult fruitless dMS5 neuron
(Lillvis et al., 2024)
adult fruitless dMS10 neuron
(Lillvis et al., 2024)
adult doublesex TN1C (male) neuron
(Lillvis et al., 2024)
adult fruitless vMS13 neuron
(Lillvis et al., 2024)
adult fruitless vMS16 neuron
(Lillvis et al., 2024)
adult fruitless vMS17 neuron
(Lillvis et al., 2024)
adult fruitless vPR1 neuron
(Lillvis et al., 2024)
adult fruitless vPR6 (male) neuron
(Lillvis et al., 2024)
adult fruitless vPR13 neuron
(Lillvis et al., 2024)
descending neuron of the posterior brain DNp13 (male)
(Lillvis et al., 2024)
adult doublesex TN1B (male) neuron
(Lillvis et al., 2024)
adult doublesex TN1D (male) neuron
(Lillvis et al., 2024)
adult doublesex TN1E (male) neuron
(Lillvis et al., 2024)
adult fruitless vMS11 neuron
(Lillvis et al., 2024)
adult fruitless vPR7 neuron
(Lillvis et al., 2024)
descending neuron of the posterior brain DNp36 (male)
(Lillvis et al., 2024)
adult stage | female
neuron | subset of lateral oviduct

Comment: 1 neuron

(Rezaval et al., 2012)
neuron | subset of uterus

Comment: 3 neurons

(Rezaval et al., 2012)
adult post-embryonic ventral posterior Ilp7 (female) neuron | subset
(Feng et al., 2014)
adult stage | male
adult doublesex pC1 (male) neuron | subset
(Zhou et al., 2014)
adult doublesex pC2 (male) neuron | subset
(Zhou et al., 2014)
adult doublesex pCd (male) neuron | subset
(Zhou et al., 2014)
Reporter: TI{TI}fruAmyc
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage | male
adult brain | restricted
(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
Reporter: TI{TI}fruBmyc
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
pharate adult stage P8 | male
adult central nervous system | restricted
(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult stage | male
adult central nervous system | restricted
(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
superior medial protocerebrum | restricted
(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult antennal lobe | restricted
(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult fruitless aDT-b (male) neuron
(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult fruitless aDT-a neuron
(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult fruitless aSP-b (male) neuron
(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult fruitless aSP-a (male) neuron
(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult fruitless aSP4 (male) neuron
(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult fruitless aSP4 (female) neuron
(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult fruitless aSP-g (male) neuron
(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult fruitless aSP-k (male) neuron
(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult fruitless aDT-d (male) neuron
(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult fruitless pIP2 neuron
(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult fruitless pIP-e (male) neuron
(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
descending neuron of the posterior brain DNp36 (male)
(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult fruitless P1 (male) neuron
(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult fruitless M neuron
(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult fruitless aIP3 neuron
(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult fruitless aSP3 neuron
(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult fruitless aSP-l neuron
(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult fruitless pMP-b (male) neuron
(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult fruitless aDT-h neuron
(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult fruitless pIP-a (male) neuron
(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult fruitless pIP10 (male) neuron
(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult fruitless aDT1 neuron
(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult fruitless aIP-e (male) neuron
(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult fruitless aSP-i (male) neuron
(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult fruitless vPR1 neuron
(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult fruitless vPR6 (male) neuron
(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult fruitless vPR6 (female) neuron
(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult fruitless dPR1 neuron
(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
adult fruitless vAB3 (male) neuron
(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
Reporter: TI{TI}fruCmyc
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage | male
adult brain | restricted
(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\fru in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 90 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 51 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of fru
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of fru
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 23 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal, with Scer\GAL4Toll-6-D42, fruBM.UAS.cUa
lethal, with Scer\GAL4Toll-6-D42, frusat
lethal (with Df(3R)Cha7)
lethal (with Df(3R)fruw24)
lethal (with fru4-40)
lethal (with fruM5)
lethal (with frusat15)
lethal (with fruw9)
lethal (with fruw12)
lethal (with fruw27)
lethal | heat sensitive, with fruAM.hs
lethal | heat sensitive, with frusat
lethal | prepupal stage (with Df(3R)fruw24)
lethal | prepupal stage | recessive
lethal | pupal stage (with Df(3R)fruw24)
lethal | pupal stage | recessive
lethal | recessive
lethal - all die before end of prepupal stage (with fruAJ96u3)
lethal - all die before end of prepupal stage (with fruP14)
lethal - all die before end of prepupal stage (with frusat15)
lethal - all die before end of P-stage (with Df(3R)Exel6179)
lethal - all die before end of pupal stage (with Df(3R)fruw24)
lethal - all die before end of pupal stage (with fruAJ96u3)
lethal - all die before end of pupal stage (with frusat15)
lethal - all die before end of pupal stage (with fruw12)
lethal - all die before end of pupal stage (with fruw27)
lethal - all die before end of pupal stage | partially (with fruw12)
lethal - all die before end of pupal stage | partially (with fruw27)
lethal - all die during pupal stage | recessive
partially lethal | male
partially lethal - majority die, with Scer\GAL4Toll-6-D42, fruB.UAS.cUa
partially lethal - majority die, with Scer\GAL4Toll-6-D42, fruE.UAS.cUa
partially lethal - majority die, with Scer\GAL4Toll-6-D42, frusat
partially lethal - majority live
partially lethal - majority live (with Df(3R)fruw24)
partially lethal - majority live (with frusat15)
partially lethal - majority live (with fruΔC)
viable
viable (with fru4-40)
viable (with fru4)
viable (with fruAJ96u3)
viable (with fruB2)
viable (with fruC1)
viable (with fruF)
viable (with fruM5)
viable (with fruP14)
viable (with frusat15)
viable (with fruΔAmyc)
Sterility
Allele
female fertile
female fertile (with fru4-40)
female fertile (with fruC)
female fertile (with fruF)
female semi-fertile (with fru4-40)
female semi-fertile (with fruM)
female semi-fertile (with fruΔtra)
fertile
male fertile
male fertile (with Df(3R)fru4-40)
male fertile (with fru0-1)
male fertile (with fru1)
male fertile (with fruM5)
male semi-sterile (with Df(3R)fru4-40)
male semi-sterile (with fru0-1)
male semi-sterile (with fru1)
male semi-sterile (with fru3)
male semi-sterile (with fru4-40)
male semi-sterile (with fru4)
male semi-sterile (with frusat15)
male semi-sterile | recessive
male sterile
male sterile, with Scer\GAL4Gp150-52A
male sterile (with Df(3R)fruw24)
male sterile (with fru0-1)
male sterile (with fru1)
male sterile (with fru3)
male sterile (with fru4-40)
male sterile (with fru4)
male sterile (with fruAJ96u3)
male sterile (with fruM5)
male sterile (with frusat15)
male sterile (with fruw9)
male sterile (with fruw12)
male sterile (with fruw27)
male sterile | recessive
semi-fertile
semi-fertile (with Df(3R)fruw24)
semi-fertile (with fru3)
semi-fertile (with fru4-40)
semi-fertile (with frusat15)
semi-fertile (with fruΔC)
semi-fertile | male
semi-fertile | male (with fru3)
semi-fertile | male (with fru4)
semi-fertile | male (with fruAJ96u3)
semi-fertile | male (with fruGAL4.P1.D)
semi-sterile (with Df(3R)Exel6179)
sterile | recessive
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal behavior
abnormal behavior | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Desat1.PB
abnormal behavior | male
abnormal cell size, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP
abnormal chemosensory behavior | adult stage
abnormal chemosensory behavior | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Ir84a.1964
abnormal chemosensory behavior | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Or47b.7.467
abnormal chemosensory behavior | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Or67d.PF
abnormal chemosensory behavior | adult stage (with fruF)
abnormal chemosensory behavior | adult stage (with fruΔB)
abnormal chemosensory behavior | adult stage (with fruΔC)
abnormal chemosensory behavior | adult stage | female, with Scer\GAL4Or47b.7.467, fruUAS.MB
abnormal chemosensory behavior | adult stage | female, with Scer\GAL4Or47b.7.467, fruUAS.MC
abnormal chemosensory behavior | adult stage | male, with Scer\GAL4Or47b.7.467
abnormal copulation | male (with fru0-1)
abnormal copulation | male (with fruNP0021)
abnormal courtship behavior
abnormal courtship behavior, with Scer\FLP1FLPo.oc.Tag:NLS(SV40-largeT), Scer\GAL4fru.P1.D, Scer\GAL80FRT.αTub84B
abnormal courtship behavior, with Scer\FLP1FLPo.oc.Tag:NLS(SV40-largeT), Scer\GAL4fru.P1.D, Scer\GAL80αTub84B.PG
abnormal courtship behavior, with Scer\GAL42-15
abnormal courtship behavior, with Scer\GAL42-72
abnormal courtship behavior, with Scer\GAL43-54
abnormal courtship behavior, with Scer\GAL43-90
abnormal courtship behavior, with Scer\GAL44-11
abnormal courtship behavior, with Scer\GAL44-25
abnormal courtship behavior, with Scer\GAL44-56
abnormal courtship behavior, with Scer\GAL45-41
abnormal courtship behavior, with Scer\GAL45-59
abnormal courtship behavior, with Scer\GAL45-60
abnormal courtship behavior, with Scer\GAL45-133
abnormal courtship behavior, with Scer\GAL46-1
abnormal courtship behavior, with Scer\GAL48-133
abnormal courtship behavior, with Scer\GAL48-147
abnormal courtship behavior, with Scer\GAL48-232
abnormal courtship behavior, with Scer\GAL49-31
abnormal courtship behavior, with Scer\GAL49-41
abnormal courtship behavior, with Scer\GAL49-55
abnormal courtship behavior, with Scer\GAL49-73
abnormal courtship behavior, with Scer\GAL49-116
abnormal courtship behavior, with Scer\GAL49-159
abnormal courtship behavior, with Scer\GAL49-163
abnormal courtship behavior, with Scer\GAL49-217
abnormal courtship behavior, with Scer\GAL410-16
abnormal courtship behavior, with Scer\GAL410-25
abnormal courtship behavior, with Scer\GAL410-49
abnormal courtship behavior, with Scer\GAL410-56
abnormal courtship behavior, with Scer\GAL410-64
abnormal courtship behavior, with Scer\GAL410-82
abnormal courtship behavior, with Scer\GAL410-102A
abnormal courtship behavior, with Scer\GAL411-162
abnormal courtship behavior, with Scer\GAL412-43
abnormal courtship behavior, with Scer\GAL417d
abnormal courtship behavior, with Scer\GAL4c309
abnormal courtship behavior, with Scer\GAL4Desat1.PB
abnormal courtship behavior, with Scer\GAL4Desat1.Switch.E800
abnormal courtship behavior, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
abnormal courtship behavior, with Scer\GAL4ey-OK107
abnormal courtship behavior, with Scer\GAL4fru.P1.D
abnormal courtship behavior, with Scer\GAL4Gp150-52A
abnormal courtship behavior, with Scer\GAL4H24
abnormal courtship behavior, with Scer\GAL4OK72
abnormal courtship behavior, with Scer\GAL4Orco.2.642.Hsim\VP22
abnormal courtship behavior, with Scer\GAL4ppk23.2.695
abnormal courtship behavior, with Scer\GAL4Tab2-201Y
abnormal courtship behavior (with Df(3R)fru4-40)
abnormal courtship behavior (with fru3)
abnormal courtship behavior (with fru4-40)
abnormal courtship behavior (with fruAJ96u3)
abnormal courtship behavior (with fruNP0021)
abnormal courtship behavior (with fruP1.LexA)
abnormal courtship behavior (with frusat15)
abnormal courtship behavior (with frusat)
abnormal courtship behavior (with fruΔC)
abnormal courtship behavior | chemical conditional
abnormal courtship behavior | clone of cells, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI, Spyo\Cas9Hsp.geminin
abnormal courtship behavior | conditional, with Scer\GAL44-57
abnormal courtship behavior | female
abnormal courtship behavior | female (with fru4-40)
abnormal courtship behavior | female (with fruM)
abnormal courtship behavior | male
abnormal courtship behavior | male, with Scer\GAL4Gp150-52A
abnormal courtship behavior | male, with Scer\GAL4Gr32a.3.776
abnormal courtship behavior | male, with Scer\GAL4SG18.1
abnormal courtship behavior | male (with Df(3R)fru4-40)
abnormal courtship behavior | male (with Df(3R)fruw24)
abnormal courtship behavior | male (with fru0-1)
abnormal courtship behavior | male (with fru1)
abnormal courtship behavior | male (with fru3)
abnormal courtship behavior | male (with fru4-40)
abnormal courtship behavior | male (with fru4)
abnormal courtship behavior | male (with fruAJ96u3)
abnormal courtship behavior | male (with fruF)
abnormal courtship behavior | male (with fruGAL4.P1.D)
abnormal courtship behavior | male (with fruM5)
abnormal courtship behavior | male (with fruNP0021)
abnormal courtship behavior | male (with fruP14)
abnormal courtship behavior | male (with frusat15)
abnormal courtship behavior | male (with fruw9)
abnormal courtship behavior | male (with fruw12)
abnormal courtship behavior | male (with fruw27)
abnormal courtship behavior | male | recessive
abnormal courtship behavior | male limited
abnormal courtship behavior | recessive
abnormal locomotor behavior | recessive
abnormal mating
abnormal mating (with fru0-1)
abnormal mating (with fru1)
abnormal mating (with fru3)
abnormal mating (with fru4)
abnormal mating (with frusat15)
abnormal mating (with frusat)
abnormal mating behavior (with Df(3R)fru4-40)
abnormal mating behavior (with fruB1)
abnormal mating behavior (with fruB2)
abnormal mating behavior (with fruC1)
abnormal mating behavior (with fruC2)
abnormal mating behavior (with fruC3)
abnormal mating behavior (with fruF)
abnormal mating behavior (with fruΔAmyc)
abnormal mating behavior | male (with Df(3R)fru4-40)
abnormal neuroanatomy
abnormal neuroanatomy, with Scer\GAL4fru.16
abnormal neuroanatomy, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4
abnormal neuroanatomy, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4, fruw12/frusat15
abnormal neuroanatomy (with Df(3R)fruw24)
abnormal neuroanatomy (with fru3)
abnormal neuroanatomy (with fru4-40)
abnormal neuroanatomy (with fruAJ96u3)
abnormal neuroanatomy (with fruF)
abnormal neuroanatomy (with fruM)
abnormal neuroanatomy (with fruP14)
abnormal neuroanatomy (with frusat15)
abnormal neuroanatomy (with frusat15), with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4, fruMA.UAS.cSa
abnormal neuroanatomy (with frusat15), with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4, fruMB.UAS.cSa
abnormal neuroanatomy (with frusat15), with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4, fruMC.UAS.cSa
abnormal neuroanatomy (with fruw12)
abnormal neuroanatomy (with fruw12), with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4, fruMA.UAS.cSa
abnormal neuroanatomy (with fruw12), with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4, fruMB.UAS.cSa
abnormal neuroanatomy (with fruw12), with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4, fruMC.UAS.cSa
abnormal neuroanatomy (with fruw27)
abnormal neuroanatomy (with fruΔC)
abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4fru.P1.D
abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage | dominant | female limited
abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage | female
abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage | female, with Scer\GAL4Poxn.14, fruP1.LexA/frusat15
abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage | female (with fruP1.LexA), with Scer\GAL4Poxn.14, fruMC.UAS.Tag:AU1
abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage | female (with frusat15), with Scer\GAL4Poxn.14, fruMC.UAS.Tag:AU1
abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage | male
abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage | male, with Scer\GAL4Poxn.14
abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage | male (with fru0-1)
abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage | male (with fru4-40)
abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage | male (with fruB2)
abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage | male (with fruC1)
abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage | male (with fruF)
abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage | male (with fruP1.LexA)
abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage | male (with frusat15)
abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage | male (with frusat)
abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage | male (with fruΔC)
abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage | male | somatic clone
abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage | male limited (with fru4-40)
abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage | male limited (with fruP1.LexA)
abnormal neuroanatomy | male (with fruNP0021)
abnormal neuroanatomy | male (with frusat)
abnormal neuroanatomy | male limited (with fruFLP)
abnormal neuroanatomy | male limited (with fruP1.LexA)
abnormal neurophysiology | adult stage
abnormal neurophysiology | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Ir84a.1964
abnormal neurophysiology | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Or47b.7.467
abnormal neurophysiology | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Or67d.PF
abnormal neurophysiology | adult stage (with fruF)
abnormal neurophysiology | adult stage (with fruΔB)
abnormal neurophysiology | adult stage (with fruΔC)
abnormal neurophysiology | adult stage | conditional
abnormal neurophysiology | adult stage | conditional, with Scer\GAL4Or47b.7.467
abnormal neurophysiology | adult stage | conditional, with Scer\GAL4Or47b.7.467, Spyo\Cas9dCas9::VPR.UAS.Tag:FLAG
abnormal neurophysiology | adult stage | female, with Scer\GAL4Or47b.7.467, fruUAS.MB
abnormal neurophysiology | adult stage | female, with Scer\GAL4Or47b.7.467, fruUAS.MC
abnormal neurophysiology | adult stage | male, with Scer\GAL4Or47b.7.467
abnormal neurophysiology | adult stage | semidominant | conditional
abnormal size, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
abnormal size | adult stage | male (with fruGAL4.P1.D)
abnormal size | adult stage | male (with fruΔC)
abnormal song
abnormal song, with Scer\GAL4dsx-GAL4
abnormal song, with Scer\GAL4NP2631
abnormal song, with Scer\GAL4ple.PF
abnormal song, with Scer\GAL4pox9-1-6
abnormal song (with Df(3R)fru4-40)
abnormal song (with Df(3R)fruw24)
abnormal song (with fru1)
abnormal song (with fru3)
abnormal song (with fru4-40)
abnormal song (with fru4)
abnormal song (with fruB2)
abnormal song (with fruC1)
abnormal song (with fruF)
abnormal song (with fruM5)
abnormal song (with frusat15)
abnormal song (with fruw9)
abnormal song (with fruw12)
abnormal song (with fruw27)
abnormal song (with fruΔAmyc)
abnormal song (with fruΔC)
abnormal song | recessive
abnormal stress response | adult stage
decreased cell number | adult stage | male limited (with fru4-40)
decreased cell number | adult stage | male limited (with fruP1.LexA)
decreased rate of feeding behavior | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Desat1.PB
decreased rate of movement | dominant | male
decreased rate of movement | male (with Df(3R)fruw24)
decreased rate of movement | male (with fru1)
decreased rate of movement | male (with fru4-40)
decreased rate of movement | male (with fruM5)
decreased rate of movement | male (with frusat15)
decreased rate of movement | male (with fruw9)
decreased rate of movement | male (with fruw12)
decreased rate of movement | male (with fruw27)
decreased size | adult stage | male
decreased size | adult stage | male (with fruGAL4.P1.D)
decreased size | adult stage | male (with fruΔA)
increased cell death | germline clone | spermatogenesis
increased rate of adult locomotory behavior | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Desat1.PB
some die during prepupal stage | recessive (with fruAJ96u3)
some die during prepupal stage | recessive (with fruP14)
some die during prepupal stage | recessive (with frusat15)
some die during pupal stage (with Df(3R)fruw24)
some die during pupal stage (with fruAJ96u3)
some die during pupal stage (with frusat15)
some die during pupal stage (with fruw12)
some die during pupal stage (with fruw27)
some die during pupal stage | partially (with fruw12)
some die during pupal stage | partially (with fruw27)
visible | adult stage
visible | male limited, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
adult abdomen & motor neuron (with Df(3R)fruw24)
adult abdomen & motor neuron (with fruw12)
adult abdomen & motor neuron (with fruw27)
adult brain & neuron | medial | male
adult brain | female
adult fruitless aDT-b (female) neuron
adult fruitless aDT-b (female) neuron | ectopic | male
adult fruitless aDT-b (male) neuron
adult fruitless aDT-b (male) neuron (with fruB2)
adult fruitless aDT-b (male) neuron (with fruC1)
adult fruitless aDT-b (male) neuron (with fruF)
adult fruitless aSP4 (male) neuron | female
adult fruitless aSP4 (male) neuron | male
adult fruitless aSP4 (male) neuron | male (with fruC1)
adult fruitless aSP4 (male) neuron | male (with fruF)
adult fruitless aSP-a (female) neuron
adult fruitless aSP-a (male) neuron
adult fruitless aSP-b (female) neuron
adult fruitless aSP-b (male) neuron
adult fruitless dPR1 neuron
adult fruitless dPR1 neuron | ectopic | female
adult fruitless pIP10 (male) neuron
adult fruitless pIP10 (male) neuron | ectopic | female
adult fruitless pMP-e (female) neuron (with fruNP0021)
adult fruitless pMP-e (female) neuron (with frusat)
adult fruitless vAB3 (female) neuron
adult fruitless vAB3 (female) neuron | ectopic | male
adult fruitless vAB3 (male) neuron
adult fruitless vAB3 (male) neuron (with fruC1)
adult fruitless vAB3 (male) neuron (with fruF)
adult fruitless vPR1 neuron
adult fruitless vPR1 neuron | ectopic | female
adult fruitless vPR6 (male) neuron
adult fruitless vPR6 (male) neuron (with fruC1)
adult fruitless vPR6 (male) neuron (with fruF)
adult fruitless vPR6 (male) neuron | ectopic | female
adult gustatory receptor neuron, with Scer\GAL4fru.P1.D
adult olfactory receptor neuron Ir84a
adult olfactory receptor neuron Ir84a, with Scer\GAL4Ir84a.1964
adult olfactory receptor neuron Or47b
adult olfactory receptor neuron Or47b, with Scer\GAL4Or47b.7.467
adult olfactory receptor neuron Or47b (with fruF)
adult olfactory receptor neuron Or47b (with fruΔB)
adult olfactory receptor neuron Or47b (with fruΔC)
adult olfactory receptor neuron Or47b | adult stage | conditional
adult olfactory receptor neuron Or47b | adult stage | conditional, with Scer\GAL4Or47b.7.467
adult olfactory receptor neuron Or47b | adult stage | conditional, with Scer\GAL4Or47b.7.467, Spyo\Cas9dCas9::VPR.UAS.Tag:FLAG
adult olfactory receptor neuron Or47b | female, with Scer\GAL4Or47b.7.467, fruUAS.MB
adult olfactory receptor neuron Or47b | female, with Scer\GAL4Or47b.7.467, fruUAS.MC
adult olfactory receptor neuron Or47b | male, with Scer\GAL4Or47b.7.467
adult olfactory receptor neuron Or67d, with Scer\GAL4Or67d.PF
adult post-embryonic ventral posterior Ilp7 (female) neuron (with fru4-40)
adult post-embryonic ventral posterior Ilp7 (female) neuron (with fruM)
antennal lobe glomerulus DA1
antennal lobe glomerulus DA1 | adult stage | male
antennal lobe glomerulus DA1 | adult stage | male (with fruGAL4.P1.D)
antennal lobe glomerulus DA1 | adult stage | male (with fruΔA)
antennal lobe glomerulus DA1 | adult stage | male (with fruΔC)
antennal lobe glomerulus VA1
antennal lobe glomerulus VA1v | adult stage | male
antennal lobe glomerulus VA1v | adult stage | male (with fruGAL4.P1.D)
antennal lobe glomerulus VA1v | adult stage | male (with fruΔA)
antennal lobe glomerulus VA1v | adult stage | male (with fruΔC)
antennal lobe glomerulus VL2
antennal lobe glomerulus VL2a | adult stage | male
antennal lobe glomerulus VL2a | adult stage | male (with fruGAL4.P1.D)
antennal lobe glomerulus VL2a | adult stage | male (with fruΔA)
anterior scutellar bristle (with fruAJ96u3)
anterior scutellar bristle (with fruw27)
cyst cell of testis | germline clone
dMP2 neuron (with frusat15)
dMP2 neuron (with fruw12)
eye, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
larval DA1 motor neuron (with fruP14)
larval DA1 motor neuron (with fruw12)
larval glial cell (with frusat15)
larval glial cell (with fruw12)
larval longitudinal connective, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4
larval longitudinal connective, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4, fruw12/frusat15
larval longitudinal connective (with Df(3R)fruw24)
larval longitudinal connective (with fruAJ96u3)
larval longitudinal connective (with fruP14)
larval longitudinal connective (with frusat15)
larval longitudinal connective (with frusat15), with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4, fruMA.UAS.cSa
larval longitudinal connective (with frusat15), with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4, fruMB.UAS.cSa
larval longitudinal connective (with frusat15), with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4, fruMC.UAS.cSa
larval longitudinal connective (with fruw12)
larval longitudinal connective (with fruw12), with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4, fruMA.UAS.cSa
larval longitudinal connective (with fruw12), with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4, fruMB.UAS.cSa
larval longitudinal connective (with fruw12), with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4, fruMC.UAS.cSa
leg joint (with Df(3R)fruw24)
leg joint (with fruAJ96u3)
leg joint (with fruP14)
leg joint (with frusat15)
leg joint (with fruw12)
leg joint (with fruw27)
lipid droplet | adult stage | clone of cells | increased number, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI, Spyo\Cas9Hsp.geminin
lipid droplet | adult stage | increased number, with Scer\GAL4Desat1.PB
macrochaeta | ectopic (with Df(3R)fruw24)
macrochaeta | ectopic (with fruP14)
macrochaeta | ectopic (with frusat15)
macrochaeta | ectopic (with fruw12)
macrochaeta | ectopic (with fruw27)
male accessory gland
male accessory gland (with fru3)
male accessory gland (with fruΔC)
muscle cell of muscle of Lawrence
muscle cell of muscle of Lawrence (with Df(3R)fru4-40)
muscle cell of muscle of Lawrence (with Df(3R)fruw24)
muscle cell of muscle of Lawrence (with fru0-1)
muscle cell of muscle of Lawrence (with fru1)
muscle cell of muscle of Lawrence (with fru3)
muscle cell of muscle of Lawrence (with fru4-40)
muscle cell of muscle of Lawrence (with fru4)
muscle cell of muscle of Lawrence (with fruF)
muscle cell of muscle of Lawrence (with fruM5)
muscle cell of muscle of Lawrence (with fruNP0021)
muscle cell of muscle of Lawrence (with frusat15)
muscle cell of muscle of Lawrence (with frusat)
muscle cell of muscle of Lawrence (with fruw9)
muscle cell of muscle of Lawrence (with fruw12)
muscle cell of muscle of Lawrence (with fruw27)
muscle cell of muscle of Lawrence (with fruΔC)
muscle cell of muscle of Lawrence | ectopic | female, with Scer\GAL4Toll-6-D42
muscle cell of muscle of Lawrence | ectopic | female, with Scer\GAL4Toll-6-D42, fruB.UAS.cUa
muscle cell of muscle of Lawrence | ectopic | female, with Scer\GAL4Toll-6-D42, frusat
muscle cell of muscle of Lawrence | ectopic | female (with fru4-40)
muscle cell of muscle of Lawrence | ectopic | female (with fruM)
muscle cell of muscle of Lawrence | ectopic | female (with fruΔtra)
neurite | adult stage | male | somatic clone
presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4
presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4, fruw12/frusat15
presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system (with Df(3R)fruw24)
presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system (with fruAJ96u3)
presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system (with fruP14)
presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system (with frusat15)
presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system (with frusat15), with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4, fruMA.UAS.cSa
presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system (with frusat15), with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4, fruMB.UAS.cSa
presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system (with frusat15), with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4, fruMC.UAS.cSa
presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system (with fruw12)
presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system (with fruw12), with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4, fruMA.UAS.cSa
presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system (with fruw12), with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4, fruMB.UAS.cSa
presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system (with fruw12), with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4, fruMC.UAS.cSa
prothoracic leg taste bristle chemosensory neuron | female, with Scer\GAL4Poxn.14, fruP1.LexA/frusat15
prothoracic leg taste bristle chemosensory neuron | female (with fruP1.LexA), with Scer\GAL4Poxn.14, fruMC.UAS.Tag:AU1
prothoracic leg taste bristle chemosensory neuron | female (with frusat15), with Scer\GAL4Poxn.14, fruMC.UAS.Tag:AU1
prothoracic leg taste bristle chemosensory neuron | male
prothoracic leg taste bristle chemosensory neuron | male, with Scer\GAL4Poxn.14
prothoracic leg taste bristle chemosensory neuron | male (with fru4-40)
prothoracic leg taste bristle chemosensory neuron | male (with fruP1.LexA)
prothoracic leg taste bristle chemosensory neuron | male (with frusat15)
prothoracic leg taste bristle chemosensory neuron | male (with fruΔC)
serotonergic abdominal giant (male) neuron (with fru4-40)
serotonergic abdominal giant (male) neuron (with fruF)
serotonergic neuron
serotonergic neuron, with Scer\GAL4fru.16
sternopleural bristle (with fruAJ96u3)
sternopleural bristle (with fruw27)
subesophageal zone neuron | male limited (with fruFLP)
subesophageal zone neuron | male limited (with fruP1.LexA)
tibia (with fruw12)
tibia (with fruw27)
type II neuroblast, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP
vas deferens (with fru3)
vas deferens (with fruΔC)
ventrolateral protocerebrum projection neuron 1 | ectopic | female limited
ventrolateral protocerebrum projection neuron 1 | male limited (with fru4-40)
ventrolateral protocerebrum projection neuron 1 | male limited (with fruP1.LexA)
vMP2 neuron (with frusat15)
vMP2 neuron (with fruw12)
wing
wing (with Df(3R)fruw24)
wing (with fruAJ96u3)
wing (with fruP14)
wing (with frusat15)
wing (with fruw12)
wing (with fruw27)
wing | male limited, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
wing | posterior, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (34)
Hsap\BTBD18
3 of 14
Yes
No
Hsap\ABTB1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\KBTBD2
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\KBTBD3
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\KBTBD4
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\KLHL2
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\KLHL3
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\KLHL12
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\KLHL15
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\KLHL17
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\KLHL20
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\KLHL21
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\KLHL23
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\KLHL24
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\KLHL26
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\KLHL30
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\KLHL31
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\KLHL36
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\MYNN
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\PHOSPHO2-KLHL23
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZBTB6
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZBTB7A
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\ZBTB7C
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\ZBTB9
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZBTB14
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZBTB17
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\ZBTB20
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZBTB21
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZBTB24
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\ZBTB37
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZBTB41
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZBTB44
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF131
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF524
1 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (20)
Rnor\Btbd18
3 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Abtb1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Kbtbd3
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Kbtbd4
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Klhl2
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Klhl12
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Klhl15
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Klhl20
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Klhl21
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Klhl24
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Klhl26
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Klhl40
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Nacc2
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Zbtb9
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Zbtb20
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Zbtb24
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Zbtb37
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Zbtb43
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Zfp131
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Zfp161
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (18)
Mmus\Btbd18
2 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Kbtbd4
2 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Abtb1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Kbtbd3
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Klhl2
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Klhl3
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Klhl12
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Klhl15
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Klhl20
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Klhl21
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Klhl24
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Klhl40
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Zbtb9
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Zbtb14
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Zbtb20
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Zbtb24
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Zbtb37
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Zbtb43
1 of 14
No
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (21)
Xtro\btbd18
2 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\bcl6
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\cdkl5
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\kbtbd2
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\klhl2
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\klhl21
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\klhl22
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\klhl23
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\klhl24
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\klhl28
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\klhl36
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\klhl40
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\LOC100496285
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\zbtb6
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\zbtb11
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\zbtb14
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\zbtb20
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\zbtb21
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\zbtb37
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\zbtb41
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\zbtb43
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (22)
Drer\bach1a
1 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\gan
1 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\kbtbd3
1 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\klhl7
1 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\klhl10a
1 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\klhl12
1 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\klhl15
1 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\klhl17
1 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\klhl20
1 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\klhl21
1 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\klhl22
1 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\klhl24b
1 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\klhl26
1 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\klhl35
1 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\klhl36
1 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\klhl40a
1 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\klhl40b
1 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\klhl41b
1 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\LOC108178999
1 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\zbtb14
1 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\zbtb20
1 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\zbtb24
1 of 14
Yes
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (3)
Cele\eor-1
1 of 14
Yes
No
Cele\kel-3
1 of 14
Yes
No
Cele\kel-20
1 of 14
Yes
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (40)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP000080
8 of 12
Yes
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP001073
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP001646
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP002297
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003189
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003439
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003537
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003685
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP006454
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP008959
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010063
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010355
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP011247
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP011583
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP000585
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP002165
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP002303
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003286
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP005244
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP005245
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP005747
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP005748
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP006018
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP008031
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP008506
2 of 12
No
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP011902
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP001258
1 of 12
No
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP002163
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP002304
1 of 12
No
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003428
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003645
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP005745
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP006457
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP006458
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP008362
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP009641
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP011142
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP012550
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP012669
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP013477
1 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (1)
Atha\AT4G08455
1 of 13
Yes
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:fru. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (31)
ab
6 of 13
CG3726
6 of 13
CG6118
6 of 13
CG8924
6 of 13
CG34376
6 of 13
tono
6 of 13
bab1
5 of 13
bab2
5 of 13
br
5 of 13
BtbVII
5 of 13
CG12236
5 of 13
chinmo
5 of 13
lolal
5 of 13
lov
5 of 13
mamo
5 of 13
psq
5 of 13
ttk
5 of 13
CG6765
4 of 13
lola
4 of 13
rib
4 of 13
Trl
4 of 13
CG15812
3 of 13
mod(mdg4)
3 of 13
CG9426
1 of 13
CG15097
1 of 13
CG30431
1 of 13
her
1 of 13
ken
1 of 13
pre-lola-G
1 of 13
rdx
1 of 13
seq
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
Allele
Disease
Evidence
References
Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
Human Ortholog
Disease
Evidence
References
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 2 )
Allele
Disease
Interaction
References
fruRNAi.C.UAS.cMa
exacerbates  tauopathy
modeled by Hsap\MAPTUAS.cWa
(Feuillette et al., 2020)
fruMI15628
exacerbates  tauopathy
modeled by Hsap\MAPTUAS.cWa
(Feuillette et al., 2020)
Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
Homo sapiens (Human)
Gene name
Score
OMIM
OMIM Phenotype
DO term
Complementation?
Transgene?
BTBD18; BTB domain containing 18
3 of 14
621145
      Functional Complementation Data
      Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
      Interactions
      Summary of Physical Interactions
      Summary of Genetic Interactions
      Interaction Browsers
      View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
      Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      fru
      enhanceable
      ac
      (Goto et al., 2011)
      fru
      enhanceable
      amos
      (Goto et al., 2011)
      fru
      enhanceable
      ap
      (Goto et al., 2011)
      fru
      enhanceable
      bib
      (Goto et al., 2011)
      fru
      suppressible
      bon
      (Goto et al., 2011)
      fru
      suppressible
      dock
      (Goto et al., 2011)
      numb|fru
      suppressible
      E(spl)mγ-HLH
      (Rajan et al., 2023)
      fru
      suppressible
      EcR
      (Goto et al., 2011)
      fru
      enhanceable
      eve
      (Goto et al., 2011)
      fru
      enhanceable
      Fmr1
      (Goto et al., 2011)
      fru
      suppressible
      hb
      (Goto et al., 2011)
      fru
      enhanceable
      hb
      (Goto et al., 2011)
      fru
      suppressible
      Hnf4
      (Sun et al., 2023)
      fru
      enhanceable
      Kr
      (Goto et al., 2011)
      numb|fru
      suppressible
      mam
      (Rajan et al., 2023)
      fru
      enhanceable
      Nedd8
      (Goto et al., 2011)
      fru
      enhanceable
      neur
      (Goto et al., 2011)
      fru
      suppressible
      oaf
      (Goto et al., 2011)
      fru
      suppressible
      ppk25
      (Zhang et al., 2020)
      fru
      enhanceable
      robo2
      (Goto et al., 2011)
      fru
      suppressible
      Smr
      (Goto et al., 2011)
      fru
      enhanceable
      tei
      (Sato et al., 2020)
      fru
      suppressible
      tei
      (Sato et al., 2020)
      fru
      enhanceable
      to
      (Dauwalder et al., 2002)
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      brat
      enhanceable
      fru
      (Rajan et al., 2023)
      brat
      suppressible
      fru
      (Rajan et al., 2023)
      gcm
      enhanceable
      fru
      (Popkova et al., 2012)
      hec
      enhanceable
      fru
      (Li et al., 2011)
      Met
      suppressible
      fru
      (Sethi et al., 2019)
      N
      suppressible
      fru
      (Djiane et al., 2013)
      nej
      suppressible
      fru
      (Sethi et al., 2019)
      numb
      enhanceable
      fru
      (Rajan et al., 2023)
      tra
      suppressible
      fru
      (Demir and Dickson, 2005)
      w
      suppressible
      fru
      (Nilsson et al., 2000)
      External Data
      Linkouts
      BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
      MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      Pathways
      Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
      Metabolic Pathways
      FlyBase
      External Links
      External Data
      Linkouts
      Class of Gene
      Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
      Chromosome (arm)
      3R
      Recombination map
      3-64
      Cytogenetic map
      91A6-91B3
      Sequence location
      FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Evidence for location
      91A6-91B3
      ; Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}sprd05284 and P{PZ}cdi07013&P{lacW}nosj3B6
      Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Notes
      References
      91A-91B
      (Laski, 1994.9.5)
      91B1-91B8
      (determined by in situ hybridisation)
      (Spradling et al., 1999)
      91B-91B
      (determined by in situ hybridisation)
      (Ito et al., 1995)
      91B1-91B8
      (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
      91B1-91B2
      (Gailey and Hall, 1989)
      The sterility and chain formation phenotypes of In(3R)fru males co-map to the distal In(3R)fru breakpoint.
      (Gailey and Hall, 1989)
      Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
      Location

      3-64

      (FlyBase, 2016)

      3-62.7

      (Comeron et al., 2012)

      3-

      (Laski, 1994.9.5)
      Left of (cM)
      Right of (cM)
      (Moses et al., 1989)
      Notes
      Stocks and Reagents
      Stocks (393)
      Genomic Clones (75)
      cDNA Clones (17)
       

      Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

      cDNA clones, fully sequenced
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

        For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

        cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
        RNAi and Array Information
        Linkouts
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        Antibody Information
        Cell Line Information
        Publicly Available Cell Lines
         
          Other Stable Cell Lines
           
          Other Comments

          The Fru[MC] isoform controls both the number of male serotonergic neurons and their patterning into two clusters.

          (Billeter et al., 2006)

          Loss of Fru[MC] or Fru[ComC] isoforms affects the proliferation or survival of a subset of Fru[M] neurons in the abdominal ganglion.

          (Billeter et al., 2006)

          Viability and morphological abnormalities are specifically linked to disruption of Fru[ComC] isforms, whereas Fru[MC] controls fertility.

          (Billeter et al., 2006)

          S2-derived S2-NP cells are treated with dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against fru to assess the role of this gene in Stat92E tyrosine phosphorylation.

          (Baeg et al., 2005)

          fru is required for os-induced Stat92E phosphorylation.

          (Baeg et al., 2005)

          RNAi generated by PCR using primers directed to this gene causes a cell growth and viability phenotype when assayed in Kc167 and S2R+ cells.

          (Boutros et al., 2004)

          Embryos that lack most or all fru function have defasciculation defects in the Fas2-positive and BP102-positive axons of the central nervous system and the axons grow along abnormal pathways.

          (Song et al., 2002)

          Males that lack the P1 promoter-derived fru transcripts show a complete absence of sexual behaviour, but no other defects besides the loss of the muscle of Lawrence.

          (Anand et al., 2001)

          Males and females that have reduced levels of fru transcripts from the P3 promoter develop into adults but frequently die after failing to eclose.

          (Anand et al., 2001)

          fru regulates late-stage courting and mating events in males.

          (Lee et al., 2001)

          Analysis of transcription in the viable fru mutant alleles shows that the phenotypes of fru0-1, fru3, fru4 and frusat are due to a failure to appropriately splice P1 transcripts whereas the mutant phenotype of fru1 flies is due to the reduction or absence of P1 transcripts within specific regions of the CNS.

          (Goodwin et al., 2000)

          tra and tra2 regulate sex-specific splicing of fru, inducing female-specific splicing of fru by activating the female-specific fru 5' splice site.

          (Heinrichs et al., 1998)

          Behavioural analysis of fru mutants.

          (Villella et al., 1997)

          The properties of neurons expressing fru suggests that fru specifies the fates or activities of neurons that carry out higher order control functions to elicit and coordinate the activities comprising male courtship behaviour. Anatomical and behavioural studies of fru mutants are consistent with the function of fru being downstream of tra and tra2. fru has a sex-nonspecific vital function and wild-type fru function is required for nearly all steps of courtship behaviour.

          (Ryner et al., 1996)

          In common with dsx, fru contains a 13nt repeated element and has been identified as a strong candidate for a gene at the top of the new branch in the sexual development pathway just downstream of tra and tra2.

          (Baker, 1995)

          fru is involved in the control of sexual behaviour in males as well as the development of the male specific muscle. The fru branch in the hierarchy may function to control sex-specific aspects of nervous system development and function.

          (Baker, 1995)

          Male specific augmentation of nuclei found in wild type muscle of Lawrence (MOL) fibres is due to the MOL fibres stealing myoblasts destined for neighbouring muscle and is dependent on the fru gene product.

          (Taylor and Knittel, 1995)

          Muscle of Lawrence (MOL) position fibres in fru mutant males have fewer muscle nuclei compared to wild-type MOL fibres. The fru+ product does not affect the initial distribution or subsequent proliferation of myoblasts in larval stages.

          (Taylor and Knittel, 1995)

          fru+ may control the male-specific recruitment of myoblasts necessary to create full sized MOL fibres. Based on the HU-ablations the reduction in number of nuclei in MOL position fibres by itself is not sufficient to explain their small size suggesting that fru+ has additional roles in MOL fiber development.

          (Taylor and Knittel, 1995)

          When elements of the fru locus are genetically aberrant they block the male's ability to curl their abdomen during courtship and disrupt the development of a sex specific muscle spanning the fifth abdominal segment in males, the "muscle of Lawrence".

          (Gailey et al., 1991)

          Aberrant intervals between song pulses were observed in fru mutant songs.

          (Wheeler et al., 1989)
          Relationship to Other Genes
          Source for database merge of

          Source for merge of: fru CG7688

          (Davis, 2000.4.12)

          Source for merge of: fru CG7690

          (Davis, 2000.4.6, Whitfield, 2000.5.4)

          Source for merge of: fru CG14307

          (Davis, 2001.5.1)

          Source for merge of: fru BtbVI

          (FlyBase, 1996-)
          Additional comments

          Source for merge of fru BtbVI was sequence comparison ( date:000202 ).

          (FlyBase, 1996-)
          Nomenclature History
          Source for database identify of
          Nomenclature comments
          Etymology
          Synonyms and Secondary IDs (26)
          Reported As
          Symbol Synonym
          BTB-VI
          (Laski, 1994.9.5, Zollman et al., 1994)
          BtbVI
          CG14307
          (Meadows, 2017.1.11, Guven-Ozkan et al., 2016, Rodriguez et al., 2012, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Ni et al., 2008, Quinones-Coello, 2007, Bellen et al., 2004, Boutros et al., 2004, Davis, 2001.5.1)
          CG7688
          (Davis, 2000.4.6)
          CG7689
          (Davis, 2001.6.11, Davis, 2000.4.6, Davis, 2000.7.18, Whitfield, 2000.5.4)
          CG7690
          (Davis, 2000.4.6, Whitfield, 2000.5.4)
          CT22773
          (Hynes and Zhao, 2000)
          Dmfru
          (Pane et al., 2005)
          FRU
          (Whitworth et al., 2012, Zwarts et al., 2012, Miyamoto and Amrein, 2008, Mukai et al., 2007, Lalli et al., 2003)
          FRU-PI
          (Blatti et al., 2015)
          Fru
          (Nässel, 2025, Nässel and Wu, 2022, Nässel and Zandawala, 2022, Chiu et al., 2021, Chow et al., 2021, Goodwin and Hobert, 2021, Khan et al., 2021, Montell, 2021, Hoopfer et al., 2015, Asahina et al., 2014, Slattery et al., 2014, Cande et al., 2013, Tayler et al., 2012, Tayler et al., 2012, Venables et al., 2012, Becnel et al., 2011, Ruta et al., 2010, Certel et al., 2007, Haag-Liautard et al., 2007, Yu et al., 2007, Girard et al., 2006)
          FruM
          (Atkinson, 2021)
          cg7688
          (Davis, 2000.4.12)
          cg7689
          (Davis, 2000.4.12)
          fru
          (Carmignani et al., 2025, Gao et al., 2025, Lee et al., 2025, Martinez, 2025, Sengupta and Kravitz, 2025, Tanaka et al., 2025, Tawa and Notterman, 2025, Victor Atoki et al., 2025, Walsh et al., 2025, Alaraby et al., 2024, Baker et al., 2024, Jiang et al., 2024, Peng et al., 2024, Sood et al., 2024, Bonheur et al., 2023, Deanhardt et al., 2023, Floc'hlay et al., 2023, Rajan et al., 2023, Shingleton and Vea, 2023, Beaver et al., 2022, Huang and Dierick, 2022, Karki et al., 2022, Palavicino-Maggio and Sengupta, 2022, Hopkins and Kopp, 2021, Ishimoto and Kamikouchi, 2021, Liang et al., 2021, Ma et al., 2021, McLaughlin et al., 2021, Neville et al., 2021, Pang et al., 2021, Park et al., 2021, Peng et al., 2021, Phelps et al., 2021, Surkova et al., 2021, Xie et al., 2021, Anholt et al., 2020, Bravo González-Blas et al., 2020, Brenman-Suttner et al., 2020, Chowdhury et al., 2020, Feuillette et al., 2020, Hung et al., 2020, Ishii et al., 2020, Knudsen et al., 2020, Lecheta et al., 2020, Lee and Wu, 2020, Leitner and Ben-Shahar, 2020, Meyer-Nava et al., 2020, Sato and Yamamoto, 2020, Sato and Yamamoto, 2020, Sato et al., 2020, Sato et al., 2020, Schretter et al., 2020, Sun et al., 2020, Wohl et al., 2020, Zhao et al., 2020, Alekseyenko et al., 2019, Deshpande et al., 2019, Iftikhar et al., 2019, Nojima et al., 2019, Sato et al., 2019, Sato et al., 2019, Sethi et al., 2019, Shimaji et al., 2019, Wilinski et al., 2019, Aranha and Vasconcelos, 2018, Croset et al., 2018, Duneau et al., 2018, Garner et al., 2018, Park et al., 2018, Ribeiro et al., 2018, Saurabh et al., 2018, Wu et al., 2018, Wu et al., 2018, Chen et al., 2017, Chowdhury et al., 2017, Jang et al., 2017, Li et al., 2017, Machado et al., 2017, Mohr et al., 2017, Schoofs et al., 2017, Schultzhaus et al., 2017, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Yamamoto and Kohatsu, 2017, Auer and Benton, 2016, Coen and Murthy, 2016, Hoopfer, 2016, Huang et al., 2016, Ito et al., 2016, Meissner et al., 2016, Pavlou et al., 2016, Signor et al., 2016, Wang et al., 2016, Xu et al., 2016, Doggett et al., 2015, Fear et al., 2015, Gene Disruption Project members, 2015-, Kern et al., 2015, Kohatsu and Yamamoto, 2015, Kohl et al., 2015, Krüttner et al., 2015, Morgante et al., 2015, Nadimpalli et al., 2015, Schertel et al., 2015, Sellami and Veenstra, 2015, Takayanagi et al., 2015, Ashwal-Fluss et al., 2014, Boyle et al., 2014, Feng et al., 2014, Neville et al., 2014, Rezával et al., 2014, Toshima et al., 2014, Tran et al., 2014, Vernes, 2014, von Philipsborn et al., 2014, Yamamoto et al., 2014, Billeter and Levine, 2013, Castellanos et al., 2013, Crickmore and Vosshall, 2013, Devineni et al., 2013, Djiane et al., 2013, Evans and Cline, 2013, Fan et al., 2013, Fan et al., 2013, Fernández and Kravitz, 2013, Fujita et al., 2013, Haussmann et al., 2013, Manoli et al., 2013, Pavlou and Goodwin, 2013, Sen et al., 2013, Shirangi et al., 2013, Vandersmissen et al., 2013, Yamamoto and Ishikawa, 2013, Yamamoto and Koganezawa, 2013, Yamamoto et al., 2013, Zhu and Zhang, 2013, Curran and Chalasani, 2012, Herrero, 2012, Ito et al., 2012, Liu et al., 2012, Lu et al., 2012, Manning et al., 2012, Pikielny, 2012, Popkova et al., 2012, Ramdya et al., 2012, Rodriguez et al., 2012, Starostina et al., 2012, Tarone et al., 2012, Thistle et al., 2012, Thistle et al., 2012, Venables et al., 2012, Whitworth et al., 2012, Yoshihara and Ito, 2012, Zwarts et al., 2012, Chang et al., 2011, Gempe and Beye, 2011, Goto et al., 2011, Graveley et al., 2011, Hartmann et al., 2011, Jepson et al., 2011, Jungreis et al., 2011, Kimura, 2011, Li et al., 2011, Meissner et al., 2011, Pan et al., 2011, Stoop and Joller, 2011, von Philipsborn et al., 2011, Weake et al., 2011, Cachero et al., 2010, Certel et al., 2010, Dalton et al., 2010, Fernández-Ayala et al., 2010, Koganezawa et al., 2010, Lorbeck et al., 2010, Mellert et al., 2010, Nojima et al., 2010, Norville et al., 2010, Rideout et al., 2010, Robinett et al., 2010, Rubinstein et al., 2010, Ruiz and Sanchez, 2010, Sobrinho and de Brito, 2010, Yu et al., 2010, Al-Anzi et al., 2009, Branson et al., 2009, Dalton et al., 2009, Dankert et al., 2009, Häsemeyer et al., 2009, Mundiyanapurath et al., 2009, Ruedi and Hughes, 2009, Shen et al., 2009, Anaka et al., 2008, Barnes et al., 2008, Christensen et al., 2008.4.15, Clyne and Miesenbock, 2008, Datta et al., 2008, Ferri et al., 2008, Goldman and Arbeitman, 2008, Kimura et al., 2008, Lee et al., 2008, Sanders and Arbeitman, 2008, Sanders and Arbeitman, 2008, Yamamoto, 2008, Chan and Kravitz, 2007, Goldman and Arbeitman, 2007, Keleman et al., 2007, Lazareva et al., 2007, Nurminsky, 2007, Quinones-Coello, 2007, Rideout et al., 2007, Spokony and Restifo, 2007, Tran et al., 2007, Vosshall, 2007, Billeter et al., 2006, Billeter et al., 2006, Dorner et al., 2006, Douglas and Levine, 2006, Gailey et al., 2006, Kadener et al., 2006, Kvitsiani and Dickson, 2006, Lee et al., 2006, McIntyre et al., 2006, Shirangi et al., 2006, Villella et al., 2006, Vrontou et al., 2006, Yu and Dickson, 2006, Coffman et al., 2005, Dornan et al., 2005, Gleason, 2005, Usui-Aoki et al., 2005, Billeter and Goodwin, 2004, Yamamoto et al., 2004, Chandler et al., 2003, Davis, 2003, Hall, 2003, Song and Taylor, 2003, Hall, 2002, Kido and Ito, 2002, Kitamoto, 2002, Lee et al., 2001, An et al., 2000, Nilsson et al., 2000)
          fruC
          (Tarone et al., 2012)
          fruitless
          (Mezzera et al., 2020, Pavlou and Goodwin, 2013, Curran and Chalasani, 2012, Mowrey and Portman, 2012, Venables et al., 2012, Whitworth et al., 2012, Yoshihara and Ito, 2012, Zwarts et al., 2012, Edwards et al., 2006)
          fry
          (Meissner et al., 2016)
          fty
          ms(3)06411
          sat
          (Ito et al., 1997, Ito et al., 1995)
          Name Synonyms
          BTB-protein-VI
          Fruitless
          (Bonchuk et al., 2024, Ratnaparkhi and Sudhakaran, 2022, Richardson and Portela, 2018, Meissner et al., 2016, Best et al., 2014, Tran et al., 2014, Crickmore and Vosshall, 2013, Bonchuk et al., 2011, Certel et al., 2010, Blencowe, 2006, Girard et al., 2006)
          fru-satori
          (Yamamoto et al., 1996)
          fruitless
          (Steinfath et al., 2025, Ritchie and Butlin, 2024, Gaspar et al., 2022, Auer et al., 2021, Jardine et al., 2021, Pang et al., 2021, Park et al., 2021, Raun et al., 2021, Brenman-Suttner et al., 2020, Funato, 2020, Gao et al., 2020, Newell et al., 2020, Nässel et al., 2019, Shimaji et al., 2019, Aranha and Vasconcelos, 2018, Schultzhaus et al., 2017, Yamamoto and Kohatsu, 2017, Anderson, 2016, Auer and Benton, 2016, Coen and Murthy, 2016, Grabe et al., 2016, Guven-Ozkan et al., 2016, Hoopfer, 2016, Pavlou et al., 2016, Wang et al., 2016, Xu et al., 2016, Asahina et al., 2014, Rezával et al., 2014, Yamamoto et al., 2014, Billeter and Levine, 2013, Castellanos et al., 2013, Devineni et al., 2013, Evans and Cline, 2013, Fernández and Kravitz, 2013, Fujita et al., 2013, Haussmann et al., 2013, Shirangi et al., 2013, Vandersmissen et al., 2013, Yamamoto and Ishikawa, 2013, Yamamoto and Koganezawa, 2013, Yamamoto et al., 2013, Ganter et al., 2012, Ramdya et al., 2012, Winbush et al., 2012, Chang et al., 2011, Goto et al., 2011, Graveley et al., 2011, Kimura, 2011, Li et al., 2011, Pan et al., 2011, Fernández-Ayala et al., 2010, Lorbeck et al., 2010, Nojima et al., 2010, Rideout et al., 2010, Robinett et al., 2010, Rubinstein et al., 2010, Sobrinho and de Brito, 2010, Al-Anzi et al., 2009, Branson et al., 2009, Dalton et al., 2009, Dankert et al., 2009, Edwards et al., 2009, Häsemeyer et al., 2009, Mundiyanapurath et al., 2009, Ruedi and Hughes, 2009, Shen et al., 2009, Anaka et al., 2008, Barnes et al., 2008, Datta et al., 2008, Ejima and Griffith, 2008, Ferri et al., 2008, Goldman and Arbeitman, 2008, Hoxha et al., 2008, Huang et al., 2008, Lee et al., 2008, Nilsen and Nelson, 2008, Sanders and Arbeitman, 2008, Stoop and Arthur, 2008, T et al., 2008, Yamamoto, 2008, Anonymous, 2007, Certel et al., 2007, Chan and Kravitz, 2007, Chan and Kravitz, 2007, Goldman and Arbeitman, 2007, Keleman et al., 2007, Miller, 2007, Rideout et al., 2007, Robin et al., 2007, Spokony and Restifo, 2007, Tirian et al., 2007, Tran et al., 2007, Vosshall, 2007, Yamamoto et al., 2007, Anonymous, 2006, Billeter et al., 2006, Billeter et al., 2006, Casper and Van Doren, 2006, Drayna, 2006, Edwards et al., 2006, Gailey et al., 2006, Kadener et al., 2006, Lee et al., 2006, Reaume and Sokolowski, 2006, Shirangi et al., 2006, Villella et al., 2006, Vrontou et al., 2006, Yu and Dickson, 2006, Burnette et al., 2005, Gleason, 2005, Jefferis, 2005, Usui-Aoki et al., 2005, Billeter and Goodwin, 2004, Yamamoto et al., 2004, Davis, 2003, Hall, 2003, Lalli et al., 2003, Song and Taylor, 2003, Hall, 2002, Kitamoto, 2002, An et al., 2000, Nilsson et al., 2000, Ryner, 1996.9.24)
          fruity
          satori
          (Ito et al., 1997, Ito et al., 1995)
          Secondary FlyBase IDs
          • FBgn0000728
          • FBgn0001076
          • FBgn0012048
          • FBgn0038623
          • FBgn0038624
          • FBgn0038625
          Datasets (0)
          Study focus (0)
          Experimental Role
          Project
          Project Type
          Title
          Study result (0)
          Result
          Result Type
          Title
          External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 129 )
          Sequence Crossreferences
          NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
          GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
          GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
          RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
          UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
          UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
          UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
          Other crossreferences
          AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
          BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
          DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
          EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
          FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
          FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
          InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
          KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
          MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
          Linkouts
          BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
          DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
          Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
          FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
          FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
          Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
          Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
          iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
          Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
          MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
          MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
          References (672)