FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\brat

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\brat

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

brain tumor

Annotation Symbol

CG10719

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0010300

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

55 publicly available

Gene Summary

brain tumor (brat) encodes a tumor suppressor that regulates proliferation in the brain. During neural stem cell division, it segregates into one daughter cell where it inhibits protein translation, preventing self-renewal and inducing differentiation. It also acts during oogenesis where it interacts with the products of nanos and pum to suppress hb translation. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)

All Summaries

Gene Snapshot
Alliance
Auto summary
UniProtKB
Red Book
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

l(2)37Cf, l(2)E60, lincRNA.S1565

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

37C1-37C6

Sequence location

2L:19,133,816..19,179,758 [+]

Recombination map

2-54

RefSeq locus

NT_033779 REGION:19133816..19179758

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (33 terms)

Molecular Function (5 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables mRNA 3'-UTR binding

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Reichardt et al., 2018)

enables protein binding

inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:eIF4EHP; FB:FBgn0053100

(Cho et al., 2006)

inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:P25724

(Sonoda and Wharton, 2001)

inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q8MQJ9

(Sonoda and Wharton, 2001)

enables translation repressor activity

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Sonoda and Wharton, 2001)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables translation regulator activity

traceable author statement

(Dean et al., 2002)

enables translation repressor activity

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN007774438

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

enables zinc ion binding

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000315

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

Biological Process (23 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (22 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in asymmetric cell division

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Betschinger et al., 2006)

involved_in asymmetric neuroblast division resulting in ganglion mother cell formation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Lee et al., 2006)

involved_in brain development

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Bello et al., 2006)

involved_in ganglion mother cell fate determination

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Liu et al., 2017, Betschinger et al., 2006)

involved_in negative regulation of cell population proliferation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Bello et al., 2006)

involved_in negative regulation of gene expression

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Landskron et al., 2018, Reichardt et al., 2018)

involved_in negative regulation of neuroblast proliferation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Janssens et al., 2014)

inferred from genetic interaction with UniProtKB:Q9VQ56

(Janssens et al., 2014)

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Betschinger et al., 2006)

involved_in negative regulation of translation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Reichardt et al., 2018)

involved_in neural precursor cell proliferation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Diaz et al., 2024)

involved_in neuroblast development

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Bowman et al., 2008)

involved_in neuroblast differentiation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Reichardt et al., 2018)

involved_in neuroblast fate determination

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Komori et al., 2014)

involved_in neuroblast proliferation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Bowman et al., 2008)

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Caussinus and Gonzalez, 2005)

involved_in neuron differentiation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Reichardt et al., 2018, Lee et al., 2006)

involved_in oogenesis

inferred from high throughput mutant phenotype

(Schupbach and Wieschaus, 1991)

involved_in regulation of neuroblast proliferation

inferred from genetic interaction with UniProtKB:P25439

(Janssens et al., 2014)

inferred from genetic interaction with UniProtKB:Q26263

(Janssens et al., 2014)

involved_in regulation of neurogenesis

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Zhu et al., 2011)

involved_in regulation of synaptic assembly at neuromuscular junction

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Shi et al., 2013)

involved_in regulation of synaptic vesicle endocytosis

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Shi et al., 2013)

involved_in rRNA transcription

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Frank et al., 2002)

involved_in segmentation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Cho et al., 2006)

involved_in ventral cord development

inferred from high throughput mutant phenotype

(Bivik et al., 2015)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in negative regulation of translation

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN007774438

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

involved_in regulation of translation

traceable author statement

(Dean et al., 2002)

Cellular Component (5 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (5 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in apical cortex

inferred from direct assay

(Betschinger et al., 2006)

located_in basal cortex

inferred from direct assay

(Betschinger et al., 2006)

located_in cytoplasm

inferred from direct assay

(Sonoda and Wharton, 2001)

located_in cytosol

inferred from direct assay

(Betschinger et al., 2006)

located_in neuronal cell body

inferred from direct assay

(Shi et al., 2013)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

Protein Family (UniProt)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Summaries

Gene Snapshot

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

A NHL-domain family protein that functions as a translational repressor to inhibit cell proliferation (PubMed:11274060). Plays a central role in translation repression of hb mRNA by being recruited by nanos (nos) and pum to the Nanos Response Element (NRE), a 16 bp sequence in the hb mRNA 3'-UTR (PubMed:11274060). Probably recruited by other proteins to repress translation of other mRNAs in other tissues (PubMed:11274060). Negatively regulates expression of Myc in a 3'-UTR dependent manner in both neural progenitor and epithelial cells (PubMed:24990993). Regulates expression of mei-P26, possibly at transcriptional level (PubMed:24990993). Involved in the regulation of ribosomal RNA synthesis and cell growth (PubMed:11807032). Participates in abdominal segmentation and imaginal disk development (PubMed:11274060). During neuroblast division, segregates asymmetrically and inhibits self-renewal of one of the two daughter cells (PubMed:16564014). Together with the asymmetrically segregating transcription factor prospero ensures that the daughter cell will stop growing, exit the cell cycle, and differentiate into neurons possibly by modulating the function of dm in ganglion mother cells (GMC) (PubMed:11807032, PubMed:16564014). Restricts developmental potential of type II intermediary neuronal progenitor (INP) cells playing a role in proliferation and maturation of the neuroblasts (PubMed:14561773, PubMed:18342578, PubMed:22143802, PubMed:24550111).

(UniProt, Q8MQJ9)

Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)

l(2)37Cf

Lethality occurs as pharate adults. Third-instar larvae of 13 of 14 alleles examined display enlarged brains-up to eight times normal volume; greatest in presumptive optic center (Hankins and Wright). Brain fragments transplanted into normal adults show uncontrolled proliferation and metastatic invasion of other tissues (Gateff). Escapers [l(2)37Cf1/l(2)37Cfts3] lethargic and sterile in both sexes [Wright, 1987, Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation (W. Hennig, ed.). Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 95-120]. Homozygous females [l(2)37Cffs2] retain eggs in ovaries (Schupbach).

Summary (Interactive Fly)

acts during oogenesis where it interacts with Nos and Pum to suppress hunchback translation - a tumor suppressor that regulates proliferation in the brain - segregates into one daughter cell where it inhibits protein translation, preventing self-renewal and inducing differentiation - directs maternal mRNA clearance during the Drosophila maternal-to-zygotic transition

Interactive Fly

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\brat for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry Q8MQJ9)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures

Comments on Gene Model

Tissue-specific extension of 3' UTRs observed during later stages (FBrf0218523, FBrf0219848); all variants may not be annotated

Gene model reviewed during 5.48

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.45

Annotated transcripts do not represent all supported alternative splices within 5' UTR.

Multiple (sequential) stage-specific extensions of 3' UTRs observed during embryogenesis (FBrf0215804); all variants may not be annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.55

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

brat-RA

FBtr0081158

NM_057597

4544

1037

brat-RB

FBtr0081159

NM_134302

4963

1037

brat-RC

FBtr0081160

NM_206004

12088

1037

brat-RE

FBtr0336627

NM_001201913

6258

1061

brat-RF

FBtr0344846

NM_001299154

4869

1037

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

4.933 (longest cDNA)

(Arama et al., 2000)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

brat-PA

FBpp0080702

110.4

1037

7.21

FBpp0080703

110.4

1037

7.21

FBpp0089239

110.4

1037

7.21

FBpp0307610

113.2

1061

7.30

FBpp0311161

110.4

1037

7.21

Q8MQJ9

NP_001286083

AHN54597

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

1037 aa isoforms: brat-PA, brat-PB, brat-PC, brat-PF

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

1037 (aa)

(Arama et al., 2000)

Comments

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Interacts with nanos (nos) and pum (PubMed:11274060). Acts via the formation of a quaternary complex composed of pum, nanos, brat and the 3'-UTR mRNA of hb (PubMed:11274060). Not recruited by nanos and pum to cyclin B 3'-UTR mRNA (PubMed:11274060). Might interact with mira; the interaction seems to be important for brat localization during mitosis (PubMed:16564014). Interacts with Ago1 (PubMed:18528333).

(UniProt, Q8MQJ9)

Domain

The NHL repeats form six-bladed beta-propeller that mediate the interaction with the pumilio repeats of pum, and are essential for translational effector function.

(UniProt, Q8MQJ9)

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\brat using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.54

Transcript Expression

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 1 -- 3

organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 4 -- 6

central brain anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)

dorsal ectoderm anlage

Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)

mesoderm anlage

Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

ventral ectoderm anlage

Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)

antennal anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)

dorsal head epidermis anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)

visual anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 7 -- 8

antennal anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)

central brain anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)

dorsal head epidermis anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)

visual anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

ventral ectoderm

(Fisher et al., 2012)

ventral nerve cord primordium

Comment: reported as ventral nerve cord anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 9 -- 10

antennal primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

central brain primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

visual primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

dorsal head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

lateral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

ventral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

ventral nerve cord primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 10 -- 15

larval central nervous system

Comment: extended 3' UTR isoform

(Hilgers et al., 2011)

embryonic stage 11 -- 12

central brain primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic central brain glial cell

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic central brain neuron

(Fisher et al., 2012)

larval lateral VNC glial cell

(Fisher et al., 2012)

lateral cord neuron

(Fisher et al., 2012)

ventral nerve cord primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 11 -- 17

(Arama et al., 2000)

embryonic stage 12 -- 17

embryonic ventral nerve cord

Comment: expression starts late in embryonic stage 12

(Arama et al., 2000)

presumptive embryonic/larval peripheral nervous system

Comment: expression starts late in embryonicstage 12

(Arama et al., 2000)

embryonic brain

Comment: expression starts late in embryonic stage 12

(Arama et al., 2000)

embryonic stage 13 -- 16

embryonic ganglion mother cell

(Arama et al., 2000)

embryonic brain

(Fisher et al., 2012)

larval nervous system

(Fisher et al., 2012)

larval ventral nerve cord

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 15

ventral nerve cord

(Magalhaes et al., 2007)

embryonic brain | restricted

(Magalhaes et al., 2007)

embryonic stage 16

peripheral nervous system precursor cluster

(Arama et al., 2000)

larval antenno-maxillary sensory complex

(Arama et al., 2000)

oogenesis

germarium

(Harris et al., 2011)

female germline stem cell

(Harris et al., 2011)

border follicle cell

(Wang et al., 2006)

Additional Descriptive Data

brat transcripts are expressed throughout the germline, including in the germline stem cells, however brat protein is excluded from the germline stem cells.

(Harris et al., 2011)

brat transcripts are detected early and late in embryogenesis but transcripts containing the 3' UTR extension (~8.5 kb) are only detected at later stages and appear after the maternal-to-zygotic transition. Sequential, phased, 3' UTR lengthening is seen (3' UTR lengthening ocurring in multiple steps during later stages of embryogenesis). brat extended 3' UTR transcripts are expressed specifically in the nervous system.

(Hilgers et al., 2011)

brat expression is enriched in border follicle cells relative to other cells in the egg chamber.

(Wang et al., 2006)

brat is expressed in the developing brain, the ventral CNS, and the PNS starting at stage 11. Expression is detected in the ganglion mother cells starting at stage 13. In stage 16 embryos, 4 clusters of peripheral neurons express brat. The lacZ reporter construct EcollacZ^brat-k06028 shows additional staining in cardioblasts from stage 11 to 17, which was not detected by brat in situ hybridization. See EcollacZ^brat-k06028RA for reporter construct expression, including expression in larval stages.

(Arama et al., 2000)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

immunolocalization

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

wandering third instar larval stage

motor neuron

• cell body

(Shi et al., 2013)

larval ventral nerve cord | restricted

(Shi et al., 2013)

abdominal dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaC

(Olesnicky et al., 2012)

Additional Descriptive Data

While brat transcripts are expressed in germline stem cells, brat protein is excluded from germline stem cells.

(Harris et al., 2011)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in apical cortex

inferred from direct assay

(Betschinger et al., 2006)

located_in basal cortex

inferred from direct assay

(Betschinger et al., 2006)

located_in cytoplasm

inferred from direct assay

(Sonoda and Wharton, 2001)

located_in cytosol

inferred from direct assay

(Betschinger et al., 2006)

located_in neuronal cell body

inferred from direct assay

(Shi et al., 2013)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

Reporter: P{GT1}brat^BG02721

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

spermatogenesis & adult stage | male

spermatogonium

(Bunt et al., 2012)

spermatocyte

(Bunt et al., 2012)

adult stage | male & spermatogenesis

cyst cell of testis

(Bunt et al., 2012)

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\brat in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\brat

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\brat

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0010300

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

35197/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0010300

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0010300

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0010300

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG10719

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0010300

Images

FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)

Show all FlyExpress processed images for Dmel\brat

Stages(s) 1-3
Stages(s) 4-6
Stages(s) 7-8
Stages(s) 9-10
Stages(s) 11-12
Stages(s) 13-16

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 102 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 42 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of brat

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of brat

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 37 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 37 )

Gene disrupted in

Df(2L)BSC341

(Kahsai et al., 2016)

Df(2L)E71

(Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1983, Wright et al., 1981)

Df(2L)hk39

(Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1983)

Df(2L)NST

(Wright, 1996, Stathakis et al., 1995, Pentz et al., 1986)

Df(2L)Sd57

(Wright, 1996, Stathakis et al., 1995, Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1983)

Df(2L)TE37C-1

(Wright, 1996, Gilbert et al., 1984, Wright et al., 1981)

Df(2L)TE37C-7

(Cho et al., 2006, Wright, 1996, Stathakis et al., 1995)

Df(2L)TW50

(Spradling et al., 1999, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999, Schupbach and Wieschaus, 1991, Wright et al., 1976)

Df(2L)TW130

(Wright, 1996, Stathakis et al., 1995, Schupbach and Wieschaus, 1991, Gilbert et al., 1984, Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1983, Wright et al., 1981, Wright et al., 1976)

Df(2L)TW158

(Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1983)

Df(2L)VA12

(Wright, 1996, Stathakis et al., 1995, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999, Pentz et al., 1986, Gilbert et al., 1984, Wright et al., 1981)

Df(2L)VA13

(Wright, 1996, Gilbert et al., 1984, Wright et al., 1981)

Df(2L)VA14

(Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1983)

Df(2L)VA16

(Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1983)

Df(2L)VA17

(Wright, 1996, Stathakis et al., 1995, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999, Pentz et al., 1986, Gilbert et al., 1984, Wright et al., 1981)

Df(2L)VA19

(Wright, 1996, Stathakis et al., 1995, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999, Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1983)

Df(2L)VA20

(Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1983)

Df(2L)VA23

(Stathakis et al., 1995)

Gene not disrupted in

Df(2L)E55

(Stathakis et al., 1995, Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1983)

Df(2L)hk18

(Wright, 1996, Pentz et al., 1986, Gilbert et al., 1984)

Df(2L)hk-UC1

(Wright, 1996, Stathakis et al., 1995)

Df(2L)hk-UC2

(Wright, 1996, Stathakis et al., 1995)

Df(2L)M36F-S5

(BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)

Df(2L)OD15

(Wright, 1996, Stathakis et al., 1995, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999, Pentz et al., 1986)

Df(2L)pr26

(Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1983)

Df(2L)Sd2

(Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1983)

Df(2L)Sd14

(Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1983)

Df(2L)Sd37

(Wright, 1996, Stathakis et al., 1995, Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1983)

Df(2L)Sd77

(Stathakis et al., 1995, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999, Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1983)

Df(2L)TW2

(Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1983)

Df(2L)TW9

(BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)

Df(2L)TW137

(Stathakis et al., 1995, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)

Df(2L)TW203

(Wright, 1996, Stathakis et al., 1995, Pentz et al., 1986)

Df(2L)VA6

(Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1983)

Df(2L)VA8

(Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1983)

Df(2L)VA18

(Wright, 1996, Stathakis et al., 1995, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999, Pentz et al., 1986, Gilbert et al., 1984)

Df(2L)VA21

(Wright, 1996, Stathakis et al., 1995)

Inferred from location ( 15 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

lethal

brat^k06028

lethal, with Scer\GAL4^insc-Mz1407

lethal (with Df(2L)BSC341)

brat¹

lethal | recessive

lethal | recessive | heat sensitive

lethal - all die during embryonic stage | germline clone | maternal effect | recessive

lethal - all die during embryonic stage | germline clone | non-rescuable maternal effect | recessive

partially lethal - majority die, with Scer\GAL4^wor.PA, Scer\GAL80^ase.PN

brat^GD7073

partially lethal - majority die | recessive

viable

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

brat^GD7073

viable, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

brat^GD7073

viable, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

brat^GD7073

Sterility

Allele

female sterile

brat^fs3

female sterile, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.nanos.UTR}

female sterile | recessive

fertile

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal cell cycle, with Scer\GAL4^da.PU

brat^HMS01121

abnormal cell number | larval stage

brat¹¹

abnormal cell number | third instar larval stage

brat^2L-150-11

abnormal mitotic cell cycle

brat¹¹

abnormal mitotic cell cycle | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^wor.PA

brat^HMS01121

abnormal neuroanatomy

abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^wor.PA

brat^HMS01121

abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage

abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^insc-Mz1407

brat^GD7073

abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage (with brat¹¹)

abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage (with brat^DG19310)

brat¹¹

abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage (with brat^k06028)

brat¹¹

abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage | somatic clone

brat^unspecified

abnormal neuroanatomy | somatic clone

brat¹¹

abnormal neuroanatomy | somatic clone | third instar larval stage

abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage

brat^k06028

abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^elav.PU

brat^GD7073

abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage (with brat^2L-150-11)

brat^2L-192-9

abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage (with brat^2L-192-9)

abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage (with brat¹¹)

brat^2L-192-9

abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage (with Df(2L)pr-A16)

brat^2L-192-9

abnormal neurophysiology | third instar larval stage (with brat^2L-150-11)

brat^2L-192-9

abnormal neurophysiology | third instar larval stage (with brat^2L-192-9)

abnormal neurophysiology | third instar larval stage (with brat¹¹)

brat^2L-192-9

abnormal oxidative stress response, with Scer\GAL4^da.PU

brat^HMS01121

abnormal size, with Scer\GAL4^da.PU

brat^HMS01121

abnormal size | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^nub.PU

brat^HM05078

decreased cell number, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.nanos.UTR}

brat^UASp.cHa

decreased cell number | cell non-autonomous, with Scer\GAL4^en-e16E

brat^UAS.cSa

decreased cell number | embryonic stage | maternal effect

brat^2L-150-11

decreased cell number | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PP

brat^UAS.cFa

decreased cell number | somatic clone (with Df(2L)Exel8040)

brat¹¹

increased cell number (with brat¹¹)

brat^DG19310

increased cell number (with brat¹⁴)

brat¹⁸

increased cell number (with brat¹⁸)

brat¹⁴

increased cell number (with brat^DG19310)

brat¹¹

increased cell number | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^wor.PA

brat^HMS01121

increased cell number | germline clone

brat¹¹

increased cell number | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^insc-Mz1407

brat^HM05078

increased cell number | larval stage (with brat¹¹)

brat^DG19310

increased cell number | larval stage (with brat^DG19310)

brat¹¹

increased cell number | larval stage (with Df(2L)Exel8040)

brat¹¹

increased cell number | larval stage | somatic clone

brat¹¹

increased cell number | somatic clone | third instar larval stage

brat^2L-192-9

increased cell number | third instar larval stage

brat^k06028

increased cell number | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^wor.PA, Scer\GAL80^ase.PN

brat^GD7073

increased cell size, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

brat^UAS.cFa

increased cell size | germline clone

brat¹¹

increased cell size | somatic clone

brat¹¹

increased cell size | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PP

brat^UAS.cFa

increased cell size | somatic clone | third instar larval stage

brat^2L-150-11

increased occurrence of cell division | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^wor.PA

brat^HMS01121

increased occurrence of cell division | adult stage | somatic clone

brat¹¹

increased occurrence of cell division | larval stage | somatic clone

brat¹¹

increased occurrence of cell division | somatic clone | third instar larval stage

brat^2L-192-9

increased occurrence of cell division | third instar larval stage

brat^2L-150-11

increased size | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^wor.PA

brat^HMS01121

neoplasia | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^wor.PA, Scer\GAL80^ase.PN

brat^GD7073

neoplasia | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^wor.PA, Scer\GAL80^ase.PN

neoplasia | somatic clone

brat^2L-192-9

neoplasia | third instar larval stage

short lived, with Scer\GAL4^wor.PA

brat^HMS01121

short lived, with Scer\GAL4^wor.PA, Scer\GAL80^ase.PN

brat^KK113206

some die during embryonic stage | maternal effect | recessive

some die during embryonic stage | non-rescuable maternal effect | recessive

visible, with Scer\GAL4^ey.PH

brat^UAS.cFa

visible | cell non-autonomous, with Scer\GAL4^en-e16E

brat^UAS.cSa

wild-type

brat^+t5.8

wild-type, with Scer\GAL4^en-e16E

brat^fs1.UAS

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

adult brain, with Scer\GAL4^wor.PA

brat^HMS01121

adult brain, with Scer\GAL4^wor.PA, Scer\GAL80^ase.PN

brat^GD7073

adult brain | somatic clone

brat¹¹

adult brain cell body rind, with Scer\GAL4^wor.PA

brat^HMS01121

adult thorax (with brat¹)

brat⁷

adult thorax (with brat⁷)

brat¹

apterous-expressing neuron of the lateral cluster of the thorax | ectopic

brat^05P009

apterous-expressing neuron of the lateral cluster of the thorax Ap4 | increased number

brat^05P009

axon | somatic clone

brat^2L-192-9

brain

brat^k06028

brain, with Scer\GAL4^insc-Mz1407

brain, with Scer\GAL4^wor.PA, Scer\GAL80^ase.PN

brat^KK113206

egg chamber, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.nanos.UTR}

embryo | germline clone | maternal effect | posterior

embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Toll-6-D42

embryonic/larval optic lobe | larval stage (with brat¹¹)

brat^DG19310

embryonic/larval optic lobe | larval stage (with brat^DG19310)

brat¹¹

embryonic abdomen

embryonic abdomen (with brat¹)

brat^fs3

embryonic abdomen (with brat^fs1)

brat^fs3

embryonic abdomen (with brat^fs3)

embryonic abdomen (with brat^k06028)

brat^fs3

embryonic abdomen (with Df(2L)TE37C-7)

embryonic abdominal segment

brat^k06028

embryonic abdominal segment (with brat¹)

brat^fs3

embryonic abdominal segment (with brat^fs1)

brat^fs3

embryonic abdominal segment (with brat^fs3)

embryonic abdominal segment (with brat^k06028)

brat^fs3

embryonic abdominal segment (with Df(2L)TE37C-7)

embryonic abdominal segment | maternal effect (with Df(2L)TE37C-7)

brat^fs1

embryonic epidermis

brat^k06028

embryonic epidermis (with brat¹)

brat^fs3

embryonic epidermis (with brat^fs1)

brat^fs3

embryonic epidermis (with brat^fs3)

embryonic epidermis (with brat^k06028)

brat^fs3

embryonic epidermis (with Df(2L)TE37C-7)

eye, with Scer\GAL4^ey.PH

brat^UAS.cFa

female germline cell, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.nanos.UTR}

brat^R837D.UASp

female germline cyst, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.nanos.UTR}

brat^UASp.cHa

female germline stem cell, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.nanos.UTR}

brat^UASp.cHa

female germline stem cell | germline clone | increased number

brat¹¹

first posterior wing cell, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

brat^UAS.cFa

ganglion mother cell

ganglion mother cell | decreased number | somatic clone (with Df(2L)Exel8040)

brat¹¹

germarium, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.nanos.UTR}

brat^R837D.UASp

imaginal disc (with brat¹⁴)

brat¹⁸

imaginal disc (with brat¹⁸)

brat¹⁴

intermediate neuronal progenitor | decreased number, with Scer\GAL4^wor.PA

brat^HMS01121

intermediate neuronal progenitor | decreased number | somatic clone (with Df(2L)Exel8040)

brat¹¹

larval brain

larval brain, with Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PI

brat^HMS01121

larval brain, with Scer\GAL4^da.PU

brat^HMS01121

larval brain, with Scer\GAL4^wor.PA, Scer\GAL80^ase.PN

larval brain (with brat¹⁴)

brat¹⁸

larval brain (with brat¹⁸)

brat¹⁴

larval brain | cell autonomous | somatic clone

brat¹¹

larval brain | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^wor.PA, Scer\GAL80^ase.PN

brat^HMS01121

larval brain | larval stage (with Df(2L)Exel8040)

brat¹¹

larval brain | posterior

brat¹⁸

larval brain | third instar larval stage

brat^k06028

larval central nervous system

larval neuroblast | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^insc-Mz1407

brat^GD7073

larval RP2 motor neuron | increased number, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.mat.αTub67C}

brat^UAS.EGFP

larval RP2 motor neuron | maternal effect

brat^2L-150-11

mitotic cell cycle | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PP

brat^UAS.cFa

neuroblast, with Scer\GAL4^wor.PA, Scer\GAL80^ase.PN

brat^KK113206

neuroblast | increased number

neuroblast | increased number (with brat¹¹)

brat^DG19310

neuroblast | increased number (with brat^DG19310)

brat¹¹

neuroblast | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4^wor.PA, Scer\GAL80^ase.PN

brat^KK113206

neuroblast | somatic clone

neuron

brat^2L-150-11

NMJ bouton | increased number | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^elav.PU

brat^GD7073

NMJ bouton | increased number | third instar larval stage (with brat^2L-150-11)

brat^2L-192-9

NMJ bouton | increased number | third instar larval stage (with brat^2L-192-9)

NMJ bouton | increased number | third instar larval stage (with brat¹¹)

brat^2L-192-9

NMJ bouton | increased number | third instar larval stage (with Df(2L)pr-A16)

brat^2L-192-9

NMJ bouton | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Toll-6-D42

brat^KK113206

nucleolus | somatic clone

brat¹¹

postsynaptic density (with brat^2L-192-9)

brat¹¹

postsynaptic density (with brat¹¹)

brat^2L-192-9

presynaptic active zone | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Toll-6-D42

brat^KK113206

presynaptic active zone membrane (with brat^2L-192-9)

brat¹¹

presynaptic active zone membrane (with brat¹¹)

brat^2L-192-9

synaptic vesicle (with brat^2L-192-9)

brat¹¹

synaptic vesicle (with brat¹¹)

brat^2L-192-9

T4 neuron | somatic clone | third instar larval stage

brat^KK113206

T5 neuron | somatic clone | third instar larval stage

brat^KK113206

type II neuroblast | increased number

brat^DG19310

type II neuroblast | increased number, with Scer\GAL4^wor.PA

brat^HMS01121

type II neuroblast | increased number (with brat¹¹)

brat^DG19310

type II neuroblast | increased number (with brat^DG19310)

brat¹¹

type II neuroblast | increased number | larval stage (with brat¹¹)

brat^DG19310

type II neuroblast | increased number | larval stage (with brat^DG19310)

brat¹¹

type II neuroblast | increased number | larval stage (with Df(2L)Exel8040)

brat¹¹

type II neuroblast | larval stage | increased number, with Scer\GAL4^insc-Mz1407

brat^HM05078

type II neuroblast | larval stage | increased number (with brat¹¹)

type II neuroblast | larval stage | increased number (with brat^DG19310)

brat¹¹

type II neuroblast | larval stage | increased number (with brat^k06028)

brat¹¹

type II neuroblast | larval stage | somatic clone | increased number

brat^unspecified

type II neuroblast | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^wor.PA, Scer\GAL80^ase.PN

brat^GD7073

wing, with Scer\GAL4^nub.PU

brat^HM05078

wing & trichogen cell

brat^unspecified

wing blade anterior compartment | cell non-autonomous, with Scer\GAL4^en-e16E

brat^UAS.cSa

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (11)

Hsap\TRIM2

3 of 14

Yes

Hsap\TRIM3

3 of 14

Yes

Hsap\NHLRC1

2 of 14

Yes

Hsap\TRIM32

2 of 14

Yes

2 of 14

2 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (10)

Rnor\Trim2

3 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Trim3

3 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Nhlrc1

2 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Trim32

2 of 14

Yes

2 of 14

2 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (10)

Mmus\Trim2

3 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Trim3

3 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Nhlrc1

2 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Trim32

2 of 14

Yes

2 of 14

2 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (10)

Xtro\trim2

3 of 13

Yes

Xtro\trim3

3 of 13

Yes

Xtro\nhlrc1

2 of 13

Yes

Xtro\trim32

2 of 13

Yes

Xtro\nhlrc3

1 of 13

Yes

Xtro\nhlrc4

1 of 13

Yes

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (11)

Drer\trim2a

3 of 14

Yes

Drer\trim2b

3 of 14

Yes

Drer\trim3a

3 of 14

Yes

Drer\trim3b

3 of 14

Yes

Drer\trim32

2 of 14

Yes

Drer\trim71

2 of 14

Drer\rnf152

1 of 14

Drer\rnf207a

1 of 14

Yes

Drer\rnf207b

1 of 14

Drer\si:dkey-106l3.6

1 of 14

Drer\trim45

1 of 14

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (10)

Cele\ncl-1

11 of 14

Yes

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (6)

Agam\AgaP_AGAP010054

6 of 12

Yes

Agam\AgaP_AGAP007095

3 of 12

Yes

2 of 12

2 of 12

2 of 12

1 of 12

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (2)

Atha\AT4G01350

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\emb1974

1 of 13

Yes

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:brat. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (5)

4 of 13

4 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

1 of 13

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 9 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

brat^HMS01121

model of cancer

CEA

(Hussain et al., 2017)

model of brain cancer

CEA

(Diaz et al., 2024, Hofstetter et al., 2024)

brat¹¹

model of brain cancer

CEA

(Narbonne-Reveau et al., 2016, Bello et al., 2006, Lee et al., 2006)

CEA with chinmo¹

(Narbonne-Reveau et al., 2016)

brat¹⁴

model of brain cancer

CEA with brat¹⁸

(Beaucher et al., 2007)

brat¹⁸

model of brain cancer

CEA with brat¹⁴

(Beaucher et al., 2007)

brat^2L-192-9

model of brain cancer

CEA

(Betschinger et al., 2006)

brat^k06028

model of brain cancer

CEA

(Diaz et al., 2024, Molnar et al., 2019, Rossi et al., 2018, Janic et al., 2010)

brat^KK113206

model of brain cancer

CEA

(Rebelo and Homem, 2023, Jiang et al., 2018, Loewen et al., 2018)

model of neurodegenerative disease

CEA

(Loewen et al., 2018)

brat^RNAi.UAS.cUa

model of brain cancer

CEA

(Mukherjee et al., 2018)

brat^chs

model of neurodegenerative disease

CEA

(Tafesh-Edwards et al., 2023, Loewen et al., 2018)

model of brain cancer

CEA

(Loewen et al., 2018)

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

TRIM2; tripartite motif containing 2

model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2R

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 8 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

brat^HMS01121

model of cancer

is ameliorated by Pepck1^GD9451

(Hussain et al., 2017)

is ameliorated by Mfe2^KK101732

(Hussain et al., 2017)

is ameliorated by Gpdh1^GD14102

(Hussain et al., 2017)

is ameliorated by Mdh1^GD11625

(Hussain et al., 2017)

is ameliorated by Men^GL01234

(Hussain et al., 2017)

model of brain cancer

is ameliorated by Spt5^HMS00153

(Hofstetter et al., 2024)

is ameliorated by Heatr1^GD7096

(Diaz et al., 2024)

is ameliorated by Myc^GD1419

(Diaz et al., 2024)

brat¹

exacerbates viral infectious disease

modeled by EBV\BRLF1^GMR.PA

(Adamson and Lajeunesse, 2012)

exacerbates infectious mononucleosis

modeled by EBV\BRLF1^GMR.PA

(Adamson and Lajeunesse, 2012)

exacerbates Epstein-Barr virus hepatitis

modeled by EBV\BRLF1^GMR.PA

(Adamson and Lajeunesse, 2012)

brat¹¹

model of brain cancer

is ameliorated by pros^UAS.cMa

(Bello et al., 2006)

brat^k06028

exacerbates viral infectious disease

modeled by EBV\BRLF1^GMR.PA

(Adamson and Lajeunesse, 2012)

exacerbates infectious mononucleosis

modeled by EBV\BRLF1^GMR.PA

(Adamson and Lajeunesse, 2012)

exacerbates Epstein-Barr virus hepatitis

modeled by EBV\BRLF1^GMR.PA

(Adamson and Lajeunesse, 2012)

brat^UAS.Tag:MYC

ameliorates brain cancer

modeled by brat^chs

(Loewen et al., 2018)

ameliorates neurodegenerative disease

modeled by brat^chs

(Loewen et al., 2018)

brat^KK113206

model of brain cancer

is ameliorated by EcR^B1.UAS

(Jiang et al., 2018)

is ameliorated by mir-let7^UAS.cCa

(Jiang et al., 2018)

is ameliorated by CD98hc^HMC04939

(Rebelo and Homem, 2023)

is ameliorated by CD98hc^KK104374

(Rebelo and Homem, 2023)

is ameliorated by CG1607^HMC04991

(Rebelo and Homem, 2023)

is ameliorated by JhI-21^HMS02271

(Rebelo and Homem, 2023)

is ameliorated by MFS3^KK110254

(Rebelo and Homem, 2023)

is ameliorated by Myc^KK103869

(Rebelo and Homem, 2023)

is ameliorated by Tret1^HMS02573

(Rebelo and Homem, 2023)

is ameliorated by chk^GD1829

(Rebelo and Homem, 2023)

is ameliorated by gb^GD315

(Rebelo and Homem, 2023)

is ameliorated by hrm^HMC03642

(Rebelo and Homem, 2023)

is ameliorated by mnd^HMC05214

(Rebelo and Homem, 2023)

is ameliorated by CG30394^GD2127

(Rebelo and Homem, 2023)

is ameliorated by CG5535^KK100907

(Rebelo and Homem, 2023)

is ameliorated by Scsα1^KK102542

(Rebelo and Homem, 2023)

brat^RNAi.UAS.cUa

model of brain cancer

is ameliorated by Cdk5^RNAi.UAS.cUa

(Mukherjee et al., 2018)

is ameliorated by Cdk5α^RNAi.UAS.cUa

(Mukherjee et al., 2018)

is ameliorated by Eip63E^RNAi.UAS.cUa

(Mukherjee et al., 2018)

is ameliorated by S6k^RNAi.UAS.cUa

(Mukherjee et al., 2018)

is ameliorated by S6k^RNAi.UAS.cUa

(Mukherjee et al., 2018)

brat^chs

model of brain cancer

is exacerbated by CG15864^MB04166

(Loewen et al., 2018)

is ameliorated by brat^UAS.Tag:MYC

(Loewen et al., 2018)

model of neurodegenerative disease

is exacerbated by CG15864^MB04166

(Loewen et al., 2018)

is ameliorated by brat^UAS.Tag:MYC

(Loewen et al., 2018)

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

TRIM2; tripartite motif containing 2

3 of 14

614141

CHARCOT-MARIE-TOOTH DISEASE, AXONAL, TYPE 2R; CMT2R

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2R

TRIM3; tripartite motif containing 3

3 of 14

605493

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

brat

x-ray crystallography

(Liu et al., 2019)

brat - AGO1

bimolecular fluorescence complementation, fluorescence microscopy, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, two hybrid, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Malik et al., 2017, Neumuller et al., 2008)

brat - Sxl

two hybrid, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, fluorescence microscopy

(Malik et al., 2017)

brat - Tis11

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Komori et al., 2018)

brat - bam

two hybrid, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, fluorescence microscopy, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, western blot

(Malik, 2021, Malik et al., 2017)

brat - eIF4EHP

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Cho et al., 2006)

brat - mira

molecular sieving, molecular weight estimation by staining, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, two hybrid, pull down, isothermal titration calorimetry, predetermined participant

(Liu et al., 2019, Jia et al., 2015, Komori et al., 2014, Lee et al., 2006)

brat - nanos

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr, two hybrid

(Malik et al., 2020, Sonoda and Wharton, 2001)

brat - pum

transcriptional complementation assay, pull down, western blot, anti tag western blot, molecular sieving, molecular weight estimation by staining, three hybrid

(Loedige et al., 2014, Kadyrova et al., 2007, Cho et al., 2006, Edwards et al., 2001, Sonoda and Wharton, 2001)

brat - sstn

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Liu et al., 2015)

brat - stau

pull down, molecular weight estimation by staining, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, primer specific pcr

(Jia et al., 2015, Loedige et al., 2015)

RNA-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

brat - Corin

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, primer specific pcr

(Loedige et al., 2015)

brat - Mad

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr

(Malik et al., 2019)

brat - Myc

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, primer specific pcr, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr

(Malik, 2021, Loedige et al., 2015)

brat - Pc

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, primer specific pcr

(Loedige et al., 2015)

brat - Sirt1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, primer specific pcr

(Loedige et al., 2015)

brat - aub

iclip, partial RNA sequence identification

(Ma et al., 2017)

brat - chinmo

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, primer specific pcr

(Loedige et al., 2015)

brat - dpn

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, primer specific pcr, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, autoradiography

(Reichardt et al., 2018, Loedige et al., 2015)

brat - elav

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, primer specific pcr

(Hilgers et al., 2012)

brat - hb

electrophoretic mobility shift assay, autoradiography, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr, molecular sieving, static light scattering, microscale thermophoresis, predetermined participant, nucleic acid uv cross-linking assay, Identification by mass spectrometry

(Malik et al., 2020, Malik et al., 2019, Loedige et al., 2014)

brat - klu

electrophoretic mobility shift assay, autoradiography, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, primer specific pcr

(Loedige et al., 2015)

brat - kni

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, primer specific pcr, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, autoradiography

(Loedige et al., 2015)

brat - nanos

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr, two hybrid

(Malik et al., 2020, Sonoda and Wharton, 2001)

brat - orb2

pull down, western blot

(Mastushita-Sakai et al., 2010)

brat - par-6

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, primer specific pcr

(Loedige et al., 2015)

brat - piwi

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, northern blot

(Saito et al., 2009)

brat - stau

pull down, molecular weight estimation by staining, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, primer specific pcr

(Jia et al., 2015, Loedige et al., 2015)

brat - w

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, primer specific pcr

(Loedige et al., 2015)

brat - zld

electrophoretic mobility shift assay, autoradiography, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr

(Reichardt et al., 2018)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

brat

enhanceable

Apc2

(Komori et al., 2014)

Apc2|brat

suppressible

arm

(Komori et al., 2014)

brat

enhanceable

arm

(Komori et al., 2014)

brat

enhanceable

ato

(Mora et al., 2018)

brat

enhanceable

Axn

(Komori et al., 2014)

brat

enhanceable

brm

(Janssens et al., 2014)

brat

enhanceable

bsk

(Hussain et al., 2017)

brat

suppressible

bsk

(Hussain et al., 2017)

brat

suppressible

btd

(Komori et al., 2014)

brat

enhanceable

CkIα

(Komori et al., 2014)

brat

enhanceable

Cul1

(Komori et al., 2018)

brat

enhanceable

DCP2

(Komori et al., 2025)

brat

suppressible

Delta

(Zhang et al., 2024)

brat

suppressible

dpn

(Komori et al., 2025, Komori et al., 2018, Reichardt et al., 2018)

brat|Tis11

suppressible

dpn

(Komori et al., 2018)

brat

enhanceable

dpn

(Janssens et al., 2014)

brat|insb

suppressible

dpn

(Komori et al., 2018)

brat

enhanceable

E(spl)mγ-HLH

(Janssens et al., 2014)

brat

suppressible

E(spl)mγ-HLH

(Janssens et al., 2014)

brat

enhanceable

Edc3

(Komori et al., 2025)

brat

enhanceable

erm

(Janssens et al., 2014)

brat

suppressible

erm

(Janssens et al., 2014)

brat

enhanceable

fru

(Rajan et al., 2023)

brat

suppressible

fru

(Rajan et al., 2023)

brat

suppressible

G6pd

(Hussain et al., 2017)

brat

suppressible

Gpdh1

(Hussain et al., 2017)

brat

suppressible

grh

(Reichardt et al., 2018)

brat

suppressible

Imp

(Landskron et al., 2018)

brat

suppressible

insb

(Rives-Quinto et al., 2020)

brat

enhanceable

insb

(Komori et al., 2018)

brat

suppressible

klu

(Xiao et al., 2012)

brat

enhanceable

klu

(Janssens et al., 2014)

brat

suppressible

lncRNA:cherub

(Landskron et al., 2018)

suppressible

(Shi et al., 2013)

suppressible

(Hussain et al., 2017)

brat

enhanceable

me31B

(Komori et al., 2018)

brat

suppressible

Men

(Hussain et al., 2017)

brat

suppressible

Mfe2

(Hussain et al., 2017)

brat

enhanceable

Mfe2

(Hussain et al., 2017)

brat

enhanceable

mor

(Janssens et al., 2014)

brat

suppressible

Myc

(Hofstetter et al., 2024, Reichardt et al., 2018)

brat

enhanceable

Not1

(Komori et al., 2018)

brat

enhanceable

numb

(Komori et al., 2018)

brat

suppressible

orb2

(Santana and Casas-Tintó, 2017)

brat

enhanceable

osa

(Janssens et al., 2014)

brat

suppressible

PAN2

(Komori et al., 2018)

brat

enhanceable

PAN2

(Komori et al., 2018)

brat

enhanceable

Patr-1

(Komori et al., 2025)

brat

enhanceable

pcm

(Komori et al., 2025)

brat

suppressible

Pepck1

(Hussain et al., 2017)

brat

enhanceable

Pop2

(Komori et al., 2018)

brat

suppressible

pros

(Bello et al., 2006)

brat

enhanceable

pros

(Betschinger et al., 2006)

brat

enhanceable

sgg

(Komori et al., 2014)

brat

suppressible

Spt5

(Hofstetter et al., 2024)

brat

enhanceable

Spt5

(Hofstetter et al., 2024)

brat

suppressible

Syp

(Landskron et al., 2018)

brat

enhanceable

Syp

(Landskron et al., 2018)

brat

enhanceable

Tis11

(Komori et al., 2018)

brat

enhanceable

tral

(Komori et al., 2025)

brat

suppressible

trx

(Komori et al., 2014)

brat

enhanceable

Usp5

(Komori et al., 2025)

brat

suppressible

Wwox

(Hussain et al., 2017)

brat

suppressible

zld

(Reichardt et al., 2018)

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

suppressible

brat

(Krupp et al., 2005)

Cul1

enhanceable

brat

(Komori et al., 2018)

gcm

suppressible

brat

(Popkova et al., 2012)

klu

suppressible

brat

(Xiao et al., 2012)

Nsf2

suppressible

brat

(Laviolette et al., 2005)

numb

enhanceable

brat

(Komori et al., 2018)

orb2

suppressible

brat

(Santana and Casas-Tintó, 2017)

sisRNA:2

suppressible

brat

(Osman and Pek, 2021)

Smox

suppressible

brat

(Hevia et al., 2017)

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

(UniProt, Q8MQJ9 )

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

61181

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0010300

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

35197

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

35197

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

FlyBase

External Links

External Data

Linkouts

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

Neutrophil degranulation

Class of Gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

2-54

Cytogenetic map

37C1-37C6

Sequence location

2L:19,133,816..19,179,758 [+]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

37C1-37C6

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}Ddc^k02104 and P{lacW}brat^k06028&P{lacW}l(2)k09613^k09613

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

37C1-37D1

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Lukacsovich et al., 2001)

37C1-37D1

(Lukacsovich, 1999.1.13)

37C6-37C7

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Spradling et al., 1999)

37C5-37C6

37C5--7 37C6--7

(BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

2-54

(FlyBase, 2016)

2-53.6

(Comeron et al., 2012)

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (55)

Genomic Clones (26)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (127)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

LD28374

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0010300

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0010300

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

monoclonal

(Shi et al., 2013)

polyclonal

(Shi et al., 2013)

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

Other Comments

brat specifies intermediate neural progenitor identity through its B-box domains, downregulating the transcriptional activity of arm via a mechanism that is independent of asymmetric protein segregation.

(Komori et al., 2014)

brat regulates synapse development and endocytosis at the neuromuscular junction by suppressing translation of Mad.

(Shi et al., 2013)

Loss of brat in larvae causes neoplastic brain tumors. Fragments of brat brain tumours transplanted into adult hosts over-proliferate and kill their hosts within 2 weeks.

(Beaucher et al., 2007)

brat-induced metastases express both neuronal (elav) and glial cell (repo) type markers.

(Beaucher et al., 2007)

The brat gene product acts as a posttranscriptional inhibitor of dm in one of the two daughter cells of larval neuroblasts.

(Betschinger et al., 2006)

brat and 4EHP interact physically and both play a role in hb regulation.

(Cho et al., 2006)

S2 cells treated with dsRNA generated against this gene show reduced phagocytosis of Candida albicans compared to untreated cells.

(Stroschein-Stevenson et al., 2006)

brat appears to be involved in negatively regulating the level of cellular rRNA.

(Frank et al., 2002)

brat is a translational repressor.

(Sonoda and Wharton, 2001)

Located between coordinates +45.7 and +50.0.

(Stathakis et al., 1995)

Mutants display a brain neoplastic phenotype.

(Mechler, 1994)

Mutations at the brat locus cause defects in midoogenesis.

(Schupbach and Wieschaus, 1991)

Lethality occurs as pharate adults. Third-instar larvae of 13 of 14 alleles examined display enlarged brains -- up to eight times normal volume; greatest in presumptive optic center (Hankins and Wright). Brain fragments transplanted into normal adults show uncontrolled proliferation and metastatic invasion of other tissues (Gateff).

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Source for merge of: brat anon-37CDa

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Additional comments

Source for merge of brat anon-37CDa was sequence comparison ( date:991108 ).

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Nomenclature comments

Etymology

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (17)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

BRAT

(Lefebvre and Lécuyer, 2018, Luo et al., 2016, Homem et al., 2015, Gonzalez, 2013, Kurusu et al., 2009)

Brat

(Plygawko et al., 2025, Hofstetter et al., 2024, Thompson, 2022, Bawa et al., 2021, Connacher and Goldstrohm, 2021, Keegan and Hughes, 2021, Kozlov et al., 2021, Lam Wong and Verheyen, 2021, Madamanchi et al., 2021, Vidaurre and Chen, 2021, Zhang et al., 2021, Kamdem et al., 2020, Majumdar and Liu, 2020, Malik et al., 2020, Morata and Calleja, 2020, Wen, 2020, Liu et al., 2019, Malik et al., 2019, Piggott et al., 2019, Rivera et al., 2019, van den Ameele and Brand, 2019, Carmena, 2018, Olesnicky and Wright, 2018, Lou et al., 2017, Malik et al., 2017, Ma et al., 2016, Mukherjee et al., 2016, Yadav et al., 2016, Yasugi and Nishimura, 2016, Zhang et al., 2016, Bajaj et al., 2015, Jia et al., 2015, Schweisguth, 2015, Singh, 2015, Eroglu et al., 2014, Pargett et al., 2014, Bausek, 2013, Bergstralh et al., 2013, Gallant, 2013, Lu and Johnston, 2013, Homem and Knoblich, 2012, Kelsom and Lu, 2012, Marin, 2012, Saini and Reichert, 2012, Vazquez-Pianzola and Suter, 2012, Eliazer and Buszczak, 2011, Harris and Ashe, 2011, Miles et al., 2011, Weng and Lee, 2011, Hessle et al., 2009, Nie et al., 2009, Wang et al., 2009, Chia et al., 2008, Harris and Ashe, 2008, Sousa-Nunes et al., 2008, Speicher et al., 2008, Kadyrova et al., 2007, Neumüller et al., 2007, Slack et al., 2007, Speicher et al., 2007, Wang et al., 2007, Yamazaki et al., 2007, Betschinger et al., 2006, Bowman et al., 2006, Brun et al., 2006, Cho et al., 2006)

CG10719

(National Institute of Genetics Fly Stocks, 2022-, Yamaguchi and Takashima, 2018, Hevia et al., 2017, Christis and Munro, 2012, Müller et al., 2010, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Krejcí et al., 2009, Perkins et al., 2009, Berger et al., 2008, Sardiello et al., 2008, Quinones-Coello, 2007, Rehwinkel et al., 2006)

(McCrady and Tolin, 1994)

E60

anon-37CDa

brat

(Dyson et al., 2025, Kagemann et al., 2025, Connacher et al., 2024, Jang et al., 2024, Lacin et al., 2024, Lee et al., 2024, Ma et al., 2024, Saez-Carrion et al., 2024, Stewart et al., 2024, Zhang et al., 2024, Banach-Latapy et al., 2023, Cabrita and Martinho, 2023, Corthals et al., 2023, Gui et al., 2023, Rajan et al., 2023, Riemondy et al., 2023, Sharpe et al., 2023, Stanković et al., 2023, Tafesh-Edwards et al., 2023, Beaver et al., 2022, Bindhani et al., 2022, Eickelberg et al., 2022, Goupil et al., 2022, Jiang et al., 2022, Zhang et al., 2022, Bilder et al., 2021, Chen et al., 2021, Climent-Cantó et al., 2021, Malik, 2021, McLaughlin et al., 2021, Osman and Pek, 2021, Rajan et al., 2021, Blatt et al., 2020, Bolus et al., 2020, Cho et al., 2020, Eichler et al., 2020, Gerlach and Herranz, 2020, Guangming et al., 2020, Li and Hidalgo, 2020, Rastegari et al., 2020, Wei et al., 2020, Zraly et al., 2020, Chen and Read, 2019, Drummond-Barbosa, 2019, King et al., 2019, Luhur et al., 2019, Meltzer et al., 2019, Mirkovic et al., 2019, Mirzoyan et al., 2019, Molnar et al., 2019, Raza et al., 2019, Arbeille and Bashaw, 2018, Chai et al., 2018, Flora et al., 2018, Kang et al., 2018, Komori et al., 2018, Landskron et al., 2018, Loewen et al., 2018, Mora et al., 2018, Reichardt et al., 2018, Rossi et al., 2018, Wissel et al., 2018, Yamaguchi and Takashima, 2018, Zhao et al., 2018, Banerjee and Roy, 2017, Janssens et al., 2017, Liu et al., 2017, Ma et al., 2017, Perry et al., 2017, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Vallejos Baier et al., 2017, Wu et al., 2017, Narbonne-Reveau et al., 2016, Shlyueva et al., 2016, Bivik et al., 2015, Fernando et al., 2015, Gene Disruption Project members, 2015-, Gogendeau et al., 2015, Huang et al., 2015, Laver et al., 2015, Liu et al., 2015, Loedige et al., 2015, model organism Encyclopedia of Regulatory Network (modERN) Project, 2015-, Newton et al., 2015, Oktaba et al., 2015, Sinkovics, 2015, Weng and Cohen, 2015, Chen et al., 2014, Ferreira et al., 2014, Homem et al., 2014, Janssens et al., 2014, Komori et al., 2014, Komori et al., 2014, Luck et al., 2014, Miles et al., 2014, Olesnicky et al., 2014, Southall et al., 2014, Tipping and Perrimon, 2014, Xu et al., 2014, Chai et al., 2013, Jüschke et al., 2013, Neumüller et al., 2013, Shi et al., 2013, Southall et al., 2013, Adamson and Lajeunesse, 2012, Berger et al., 2012, Bunt et al., 2012, Carney et al., 2012, Hilgers et al., 2012, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Justiniano et al., 2012, Li et al., 2012, Mihailovich et al., 2012, Miles et al., 2012, Olesnicky et al., 2012, Popkova et al., 2012, Saini and Reichert, 2012, Smibert et al., 2012, Xiao et al., 2012, Abruzzi et al., 2011, Boyan and Reichert, 2011, Harris et al., 2011, Hilgers et al., 2011, Miles et al., 2011, Neumüller et al., 2011, Zhu et al., 2011, Chang et al., 2010, Janic et al., 2010, Müller et al., 2010, Rigoutsos, 2010, Temme et al., 2010, Ayroles et al., 2009, Flaherty et al., 2009, Krejcí et al., 2009, Robine et al., 2009, Saito et al., 2009, Sousa-Nunes et al., 2009, Stone and Ayroles, 2009, Basto et al., 2008, Berger et al., 2008, Bowman et al., 2008, FlyBase Curators, 2008-, Muraro et al., 2008, Neumuller et al., 2008, O'Farrell et al., 2008, Beaucher et al., 2007, Beaucher et al., 2007, Quinones-Coello, 2007, Tadros et al., 2007, Tountas and Fortini, 2007, Zhang et al., 2007, Bowler et al., 2006, Lee et al., 2006, Lee et al., 2006, Stroschein-Stevenson et al., 2006, Wang et al., 2006, Wodarz and Gonzalez, 2006, Beckstead et al., 2005, Caussinus and Gonzalez, 2005, Laviolette et al., 2005, Loop et al., 2004, McCrady and Tolin, 1994)

fs(2)ltoPM43

l(2)37Cf

(Callahan et al., 1996, Callahan et al., 1995, Mechler, 1990, Gateff and Mechler, 1989, Wright, 1987, Pentz et al., 1986, Gilbert et al., 1984, Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1983, Wright et al., 1981)

l(2)E60

(Wright et al., 1976)

l(2)brat

lincRNA.S1565

(FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2014, Young et al., 2012)

Name Synonyms

Brain Tumor

(Liu and Grosshans, 2017, Mukherjee et al., 2016, Eliazer and Buszczak, 2011, Lin, 2008, Speicher et al., 2008, Sonoda and Wharton, 2001)

Brain tumor

(Nguyen et al., 2016, Chen et al., 2014, Bausek, 2013, Vazquez-Pianzola and Suter, 2012, Eliazer and Buszczak, 2011, Krejcí et al., 2009, Chia et al., 2008, Beaucher et al., 2007, Cho et al., 2006, Lee et al., 2006)

Brain tumour

(Harris and Ashe, 2011)

brain tumour

(Southall and Brand, 2009)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

FBgn0002034
FBgn0004827
FBgn0027355

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 112 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

35197

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

Q8MQJ9

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Q8MQJ9

UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

Q8MQJ9

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0010300

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

35197/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0010300

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0010300

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0010300

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

dme:Dmel_CG10719

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

35197

PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

61181

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0010300

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0010300

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0010300

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0010300

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0010300

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG10719

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0010300

iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)

TC008260

Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution

Interactive Fly

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

35197

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

35197

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

Neutrophil degranulation

References (395)

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

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