FB2021_02, released April 13, 2021

Gene: Dmel\Ptth

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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Ptth
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Prothoracicotropic hormone
Annotation Symbol
CG13687
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0013323
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
5 publicly available
Gene Summary
Prothoracicotropic hormone (Ptth) encodes a secreted neuropeptide that regulates ecdysone production contributing to larval to pupal transition. It signals through Torso/RAS/Erk pathway. It also modulates larval light avoidance independently of ecdysone. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
21E2-21E2
Sequence location
2L:575,711..576,896 [-]
Recombination map
2-1.5
RefSeq locus
NT_033779 REGION:575711..576896
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
GO Summary Ribbons
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (10 terms)
Molecular Function (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables prothoracicotrophic hormone activity
inferred from direct assay
(Kim et al., 1997)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables cytokine activity
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR010345
(assigned by InterPro )
(FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
enables prothoracicotrophic hormone activity
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002219120
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
enables signaling receptor binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002219116
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Biological Process (5 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (5 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in metamorphosis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Rewitz et al., 2009)
involved_in negative phototaxis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Yamanaka et al., 2013)
involved_in positive regulation of ecdysteroid biosynthetic process
inferred from direct assay
(Kim et al., 1997)
involved_in regulation of endocrine process
inferred from mutant phenotype
(McBrayer et al., 2007)
involved_in torso signaling pathway
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Rewitz et al., 2009)
inferred from direct assay
(Amarnath et al., 2017)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Cellular Component (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in varicosity
inferred from direct assay
(McBrayer et al., 2007)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in extracellular region
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR010345
(assigned by InterPro )
(FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Pathway (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Prothoracicotropic hormone (Ptth) encodes a secreted neuropeptide that regulates ecdysone production contributing to larval to pupal transition. It signals through Torso/RAS/Erk pathway. It also modulates larval light avoidance independently of ecdysone. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
NEUROPEPTIDES -
Neuropeptides are secreted into the extracellular space where they interact with cell surface receptors (usually G protein coupled receptors). They are extremely diverse, acting as neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, hormones or growth factors. (Adapted from FBrf0211443 and PMID:27813667).
Pathway (FlyBase)
Torso Signaling Pathway Core Components -
The formation of Drosophila embryonic termini is controlled by the localized activation of Torso (tor) receptor tyrosine kinase. The Torso signaling pathway acts via the canonical Ras/Raf/MAP kinase cascade. (Adapted from FBrf0157176.)
Summary (Interactive Fly)

neuropeptide that regulates ecdysone production that in turn developmental timing cue involved in promoting larval development and eclosion - signals through Torso/RAS/Erk pathway - modulates larval light avoidance independently of ecdysone

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
3
Number of Unique Polypeptides
3

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Ptth for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.57

Gene model reviewed during 5.42

Gene model reviewed during 5.46

Gene model reviewed during 5.55

Gene model reviewed during 6.02

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
nuclear_gene
protein_coding_gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Ptth-RE
FBtr0333746
NM_134693
673
192
Ptth-RF
FBtr0346650
NM_001298621
1019
218
Ptth-RG
FBtr0346726
NM_001316375
782
184
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Ptth-PE
FBpp0305888
21.4
192
6.38
NP_608537
AAF51475
Ptth-PF
FBpp0312235
24.5
218
7.77
NP_001285550
AHN54065
Ptth-PG
FBpp0312335
20.5
184
6.38
NP_001303304
ALI30190
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Ptth using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Expression Summary Ribbons
Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.
For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.
Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
larval stage
prothoracic gland innervating neuron PG-LP
(McBrayer et al., 2007)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
first instar larval stage -- wandering third instar larval stage
prothoracic gland innervating neuron PG-LP

Comment: 44h-120h AEL

(Yamanaka et al., 2013)
Additional Descriptive Data

A marked increase in Ptth expression is detected before the start of wandering third instar larval stage. It co-localizes with Scer\GAL4NP0423 and Scer\GAL4NP0394 in the same pair of prothoracic gland innervating neurons in the third instar larval brain.

(Yamanaka et al., 2013)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in varicosity
inferred from direct assay
(McBrayer et al., 2007)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Ptth in GBrowse 2
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 5 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 11 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Ptth
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Ptth
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 1 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 1 )
Gene disrupted in
Df(2L)Exel8003
(Ryder, 2004.4.26)
Inferred from location ( 0 )
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
partially lethal - majority live | recessive | nutrition conditional
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal developmental rate, with Scer\GAL4da.G32
abnormal developmental rate, with Scer\GAL4phm.PO
abnormal developmental rate | larval stage
abnormal developmental rate | larval stage (with Ptth8K1J)
abnormal developmental rate | larval stage (with Ptth120F2A)
abnormal developmental rate | larval stage (with PtthDelta)
abnormal developmental rate | larval stage | recessive
abnormal developmental rate | larval stage | recessive | nutrition conditional
abnormal eclosion rhythm, with Scer\GAL4Ptth.cMa
abnormal phototaxis | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4NP0423
abnormal phototaxis | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PL
abnormal size, with Scer\GAL4phm.PO
abnormal size | adult stage
abnormal size | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4NP0394
abnormal size | third instar larval stage
decreased body size, with Scer\GAL4da.G32
decreased cell size | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4NP0394
increased body size | pupal stage
increased mortality during development | conditional
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
embryo, with Scer\GAL4VP16.nos.UTR
nucleus | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4NP0394
ovariole
prothoracic gland | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4NP0394
wing
wing, with Scer\GAL4da.G32
wing disc | third instar larval stage
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Download All OrthoDB Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Homo sapiens (Human) (0)
No records found.
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (0)
No records found.
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (0)
No records found.
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (0)
No records found.
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (0)
No records found.
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (0)
No records found.
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
No records found.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
No records found.
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
No records found.
Ortholog(s) in Drosophila Species (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG09190GZY )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
AAA Syntenic Ortholog
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Drosophila suzukii
Spotted wing Drosophila
Dsuz\DS10_00000066
Drosophila simulans
Dsim\GD22948
Drosophila sechellia
Dsec\GM16653
Drosophila erecta
Dere\GG24637
Drosophila yakuba
Dyak\GE15996
Drosophila ananassae
Dana\GF14877
Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura
Dpse\GA12459
Drosophila persimilis
Dper\GL19250
Drosophila willistoni
Dwil\GK24630
Drosophila virilis
Dvir\GJ19677
Drosophila mojavensis
Dmoj\GI18021
Drosophila grimshawi
Dgri\GH11014
Drosophila grimshawi
Dgri\GH10502
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091507UI )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Musca domestica
House fly
Mdoa\17021018
Glossina morsitans
Tsetse fly
Gmor\GMOY011991
Lucilia cuprina
Australian sheep blowfly
Lcup\FF38_12364
Lucilia cuprina
Australian sheep blowfly
Lcup\FF38_12363
Mayetiola destructor
Hessian fly
Mdes\Mdes009241
Anopheles gambiae
Malaria mosquito
Agam\AGAP000859
Culex quinquefasciatus
Southern house mosquito
Cqui\CPIJ003196
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090W08AO )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Linepithema humile
Argentine ant
Lhum\LH25310
Megachile rotundata
Alfalfa leafcutting bee
Mrot\MROTU:0000f1
Nasonia vitripennis
Parasitic wasp
Nvit\Nasvi2EG010710
Tribolium castaneum
Red flour beetle
Tcas\trk
Tribolium castaneum
Red flour beetle
Tcas\Ptth
Cimex lectularius
Bed bug
Clec\CLEC025033
Acyrthosiphon pisum
Pea aphid
Apim\ACYPI37989
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090X0868 )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Stegodyphus mimosarum
African social velvet spider
Smim\KFM59249.1
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( None identified )
No non-Arthropod Metazoa orthologies identified
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
orthoMCL
Panther
RoundUp
Alignment
trk
1 of 10
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Model Summary Ribbon
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    esyN Network Diagram
    Interactions Browser
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    esyN Network Diagram
    esyN Network Key:
    Suppression
    Enhancement
    View in Interactions Browser
    Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    Ptth
    suppressible
    TrpA1
    (Shimell et al., 2018)
    Ptth
    enhanceable
    tsl
    (Johnson et al., 2013)
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    trk
    suppressible
    Ptth
    (Rewitz et al., 2009)
    TrpA1
    suppressible
    Ptth
    (Shimell et al., 2018)
    External Data
    Linkouts
    BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Torso Signaling Pathway Core Components -
    The formation of Drosophila embryonic termini is controlled by the localized activation of Torso (tor) receptor tyrosine kinase. The Torso signaling pathway acts via the canonical Ras/Raf/MAP kinase cascade. (Adapted from FBrf0157176.)
    Metabolic Pathways
    External Data
    Linkouts
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    2L
    Recombination map
    2-1.5
    Cytogenetic map
    21E2-21E2
    Sequence location
    2L:575,711..576,896 [-]
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    21E2-21E2
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}l(2)k09610k09610&P{lacW}Sk09538a and P{PZ}l(2)1068510685&P{lacW}Tango14k00619
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Location

    2-1.5

    (FlyBase, 2016)

    2-0.2

    (Comeron et al., 2012)
    Left of (cM)
    Right of (cM)
    Notes
    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (5)
    Genomic Clones (12)
     

    Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

    cDNA Clones (3)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

      For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

      cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
      BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
        RNAi and Array Information
        Linkouts
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
        Antibody Information
        Laboratory Generated Antibodies
         
        Commercially Available Antibodies
         
        Other Information
        Relationship to Other Genes
        Source for database identify of

        Source for identity of: Ptth CG13687

        (McBrayer, 2005.3.3)
        Source for database merge of
        Additional comments
        Other Comments

        Ptth is isolated and characterised from whole larval extracts. Ptth encodes a monomeric 66kD glycoprotein containing N-linked carbohydrate chains and intradisulfide bonds. Deglycosylated Ptth exists as a single 45kD peptide that is cleaved at a minimum of 3 different sites. The deglycosylated form shows heterogeneity, presumably as a result of varying degrees of deglycosylation at the N-terminus. Purified 45kD peptide can stimulate ecdysone synthesis and secretion by ring glands in vitro.

        (Kim et al., 1997)

        The putative Ptth gene product was identified and its expression pattern studied using cross-reactivity with an antibody raised against B.mori neuropeptide prothoracicotropic hormone.

        (Zitnan et al., 1993)

        Ptth peptide has been purified and characterised.

        (Pak et al., 1992)
        Origin and Etymology
        Discoverer
        Etymology
        Identification
        External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 36 )
        Sequence Crossreferences
        NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
        GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
        GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
        RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
        UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
        Other crossreferences
        BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
        Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
        Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
        GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
        iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
        InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
        KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
        modMine - A data warehouse for the modENCODE project
        Linkouts
        BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
        FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
        FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
        FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
        Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
        InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
        Synonyms and Secondary IDs (8)
        Reported As
        Symbol Synonym
        CG13687
        (Niwa and Enya, 2011, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Ni et al., 2008, McBrayer et al., 2007, McBrayer et al., 2006)
        PTTH
        (Barredo et al., 2020, Delanoue and Romero, 2020, Imura et al., 2020, Koyama et al., 2020, Manière et al., 2020, Nässel and Zandawala, 2020, Texada et al., 2020, Nässel et al., 2019, Koyama and Mirth, 2018, Amarnath et al., 2017, Goyal et al., 2017, He et al., 2017, Faunes and Larraín, 2016, Jaszczak and Halme, 2016, Niwa and Niwa, 2016, Ou et al., 2016, Strigini and Leulier, 2016, Zheng et al., 2016, Yan et al., 2015, Chen et al., 2014, Gündner et al., 2014, Owusu-Ansah and Perrimon, 2014, Valzania et al., 2014, Andersen et al., 2013, Callier and Nijhout, 2013, Johnson et al., 2013, Koyama et al., 2013, Nässel et al., 2013, Yamanaka et al., 2013, Yamanaka et al., 2013, Garelli et al., 2012, Grewal, 2012, Grillo et al., 2012, Hariharan, 2012, Mirth and Shingleton, 2012, Ou et al., 2011, Halme et al., 2010, Nässel and Winther, 2010, Huang et al., 2008, Layalle et al., 2008, Park et al., 2008, Veenstra et al., 2008, Cha et al., 1998, Kim et al., 1997, Chung, 1996.5.29, Pak et al., 1992)
        Ptth
        (Christensen et al., 2020, Cruz et al., 2020, Brunet Avalos et al., 2019, Deveci et al., 2019, Gong et al., 2019, Meltzer et al., 2019, Rao and Deng, 2019.10.23, Skelly et al., 2019, Tran et al., 2018, Selcho et al., 2017, Lee et al., 2015, Boley et al., 2014, Marianes and Spradling, 2013, Grillo et al., 2012, Bartkuhn et al., 2009)
        phm
        (Colombani et al., 2012)
        ptth
        (Shimell and O'Connor, 2019, Golovnin et al., 2015, Xie et al., 2015, Enya et al., 2014, Hackney and Cherbas, 2014, Johnson et al., 2013, Luo et al., 2013, Yamanaka et al., 2013, Grillo et al., 2012, Niwa and Enya, 2011, Ghosh et al., 2010, Rewitz et al., 2009, McBrayer et al., 2007)
        Name Synonyms
        Prothoracicotropic hormone
        (Nässel and Winther, 2010, McBrayer et al., 2007, Kim et al., 1997, Zitnan et al., 1993)
        prothoracicotopic hormone
        (Ou et al., 2011)
        prothoracicotropic hormone
        (Owusu-Ansah and Perrimon, 2014, Koyama et al., 2013, Nässel et al., 2013, Yamanaka et al., 2013, Colombani et al., 2012, Grewal, 2012, Hariharan, 2012, Mirth and Shingleton, 2012, Ghosh et al., 2010, Rewitz et al., 2009, Huang et al., 2008, Park et al., 2008, Chung, 1996.5.29)
        Secondary FlyBase IDs
        • FBgn0031269
        Datasets (0)
        Study focus (0)
        Experimental Role
        Project
        Project Type
        Title
        References (109)