FB2020_06, released Dec 22, 2020

Gene: Dmel\Rel

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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Rel
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Relish
Annotation Symbol
CG11992
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0014018
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
28 publicly available
Gene Snapshot
Relish (Rel) encodes a transcription factor and the downstream component of the immune deficiency pathway, which regulates the antibacterial response and other less characterized cellular processes. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
Other Summaries
Also Known As

NF-κB, ird4, NFκB, l(3)neo36

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
85C3-85C3
Sequence location
3R:9,044,183..9,047,977 [-]
Recombination map

3-48

RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:9044183..9047977
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
GO Summary Ribbons
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (33 terms)
Molecular Function (5 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific
inferred from direct assay
(Bonnay et al., 2014, Ertürk-Hasdemir et al., 2009, Junell et al., 2007)
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific
inferred from direct assay
(Wiklund et al., 2009)
enables protein binding
inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q8IRY7
(assigned by UniProt )
(Leulier et al., 2000)
enables RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
inferred from direct assay
(Ertürk-Hasdemir et al., 2009, Copley et al., 2007)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000652442
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
enables RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000652442
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Biological Process (23 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (22 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in cellular response to amino acid starvation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Wu et al., 2007)
involved_in cellular response to DNA damage stimulus
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Karpac et al., 2011)
involved_in defense response to bacterium
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Wong et al., 2017)
involved_in defense response to Gram-negative bacterium
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Meinander et al., 2012, Berkey et al., 2009, Goto et al., 2008, Leulier et al., 2006)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:PGRP-LE; FB:FBgn0030695
(Libert et al., 2006)
involved_in defense response to virus
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Goto et al., 2018, Liu et al., 2018, Costa et al., 2009)
involved_in dendrite morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Iyer et al., 2013)
involved_in immune response
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Ryu et al., 2006)
inferred from expression pattern
(Han and Ip, 1999)
involved_in negative regulation of stem cell proliferation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Wang et al., 2013)
involved_in peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Meinander et al., 2012, Ertürk-Hasdemir et al., 2009, Goto et al., 2008, Valanne et al., 2007, Leulier et al., 2006, Boutros et al., 2002, Cornwell and Kirkpatrick, 2001, Leulier et al., 2000)
inferred from high throughput mutant phenotype
(Kleino et al., 2005)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:SkpA; FB:FBgn0025637, FLYBASE:slmb; FB:FBgn0283468
(Khush et al., 2002)
involved_in peripheral nervous system neuron development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Ayyar et al., 2007)
involved_in positive regulation of antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process
inferred from expression pattern
(assigned by UniProt )
(Dushay et al., 1996)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Hedengren et al., 1999, Wu and Anderson, 1998)
involved_in positive regulation of antifungal peptide biosynthetic process
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Hedengren et al., 1999)
involved_in positive regulation of antimicrobial peptide production
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Khush et al., 2002)
involved_in positive regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria
inferred from high throughput mutant phenotype
(Kleino et al., 2005)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Brown et al., 2009, Cornwell and Kirkpatrick, 2001)
involved_in positive regulation of defense response to virus by host
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Avadhanula et al., 2009)
involved_in positive regulation of gene expression
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Brown et al., 2009)
involved_in positive regulation of innate immune response
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Goto et al., 2008)
involved_in positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Brown et al., 2009)
involved_in positive regulation of phagocytosis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Wong et al., 2017)
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Bonnay et al., 2014, Dantoft et al., 2013)
inferred from direct assay
(Ertürk-Hasdemir et al., 2009, Dushay et al., 1996)
involved_in regulation of innate immune response
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Bonnay et al., 2014)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:brm; FB:FBgn0000212
(Bonnay et al., 2014)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:mor; FB:FBgn0002783
(Bonnay et al., 2014)
involved_in response to bacterium
inferred from direct assay
(Wagner et al., 2009)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000652442
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Cellular Component (5 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Cha et al., 2003, Bhattacharya and Steward, 2002, Stoven et al., 2000)
located_in cytosol
inferred from direct assay
(Cornwell and Kirkpatrick, 2001)
located_in euchromatin
inferred from direct assay
(Bonnay et al., 2014)
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Delaney et al., 2006, Kleino et al., 2005, Cha et al., 2003, Bhattacharya and Steward, 2002, Cornwell and Kirkpatrick, 2001, Stoven et al., 2000)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in chromatin
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000652442
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Pathway (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Group (FlyBase)
NUCLEAR FACTOR - KAPPA B -
The NF-κB transcription factor family share an N-terminal Rel homology domain. NF-κB transcription factors play a major role in development and immunity. (Adapted from FBrf0155649 and FBrf0210750).
NUCLEAR FACTOR - KAPPA B INHIBITOR FAMILY -
The activity of NF-κB transcription factors is regulated by interaction with inhibitory IκB proteins. IκB family members are characterized by multiple ankyrin repeat regions through which they bind Rel homology domain of NF-κB transcription factors. (Adapted from FBrf0233452.)
Pathway (FlyBase)
Imd Signaling Pathway Core Components -
The immune deficiency (Imd) pathway primarily mediates the humoral immune response to Gram-negative bacteria. Activation of the Imd pathway by diaminopimelic acid-type peptidoglycan initiates a signaling cascade that ultimately results in the release of the NFκB-like factor Rel from auto-inhibition and its translocation into the nucleus to activate the transcription of antimicrobial peptides. (Adapted from FBrf0224587 and FBrf0238555.)
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Plays a key role in the humoral immune response (PubMed:8816802, PubMed:10619029, PubMed:11269501, PubMed:11872802, PubMed:22022271). Rel-p68 subunit translocates to the nucleus where it binds to the promoter of the Cecropin A1 gene and probably other antimicrobial peptide genes (PubMed:11269501). I-kappa-B kinase complex (IKKbeta and key) and PGRP-LC are essential signaling components in transmitting the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) signal leading to cact degradation for NF-kappa-B (rel) activation (PubMed:11872802, PubMed:11018014). Part of a Toll-related receptor pathway that functions in the apoptosis of unfit cells during cell competition (PubMed:25477468). May be part of a NF-kappa-B and Tollo signaling cascade that regulates development of the peripheral nervous system (PubMed:18000549). Possibly post-transcriptionally regulates the neuron-specific genes sc and ase, by promoting the rapid turnover of their transcripts in the wing imaginal disk (PubMed:18000549).
(UniProt, Q94527)
Summary (Interactive Fly)

Ankyrin-repeat and NFkappaB domain protein - a key factor in the induction of the humoral immune response in Drosophila, including antibacterial as well as antifungal factors

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
4
Number of Unique Polypeptides
2

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Rel for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.48

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
nuclear_gene
protein_coding_gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Rel-RA
FBtr0089338
NM_057746
3499
971
Rel-RB
FBtr0089339
NM_206467
3351
971
Rel-RC
FBtr0089340
NM_206466
3042
971
Rel-RD
FBtr0089341
NM_206465
2722
859
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

3.5, 3.4, 3.1, 2.7 (northern blot)

(Hedengren et al., 1999)

3.4, 3.1, 2.7 (northern blot)

(Dushay et al., 1996)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Rel-PA
FBpp0088375
109.8
971
6.49
NP_477094
AAF54333
Rel-PB
FBpp0088973
109.8
971
6.49
NP_996189
AAS65130
Rel-PC
FBpp0088971
109.8
971
6.49
NP_996188
AAS65131
Rel-PD
FBpp0088972
97.9
859
6.54
NP_996187
AAS65132
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

971 aa isoforms: Rel-PA, Rel-PB, Rel-PC
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

971, 859 (aa)

(Hedengren et al., 1999, Dushay et al., 1996)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Rel-p68 subunit interacts with Dredd (PubMed:11269502). Interacts with DMAP1 (PubMed:24947515). Interacts with akirin; interaction is immune stimulation-dependent; activates selected rel target gene promoters (PubMed:25180232).

(UniProt, Q94527)
Post Translational Modification

Phosphorylated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated I-kappa-B kinase complex before being cleaved. Rel-p110 subunit is cleaved within seconds of an immune challenge into Rel-p49 subunit and Rel-p68 subunit. Rel-p110 subunit reappears after 45 minutes.

(UniProt, Q94527)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Rel using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Expression Summary Ribbons
Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.
For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.
Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage & oogenesis
nurse cell
(Hedengren et al., 1999)
embryonic stage 1 -- 3
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 4 -- 6
anlage in statu nascendi
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | faint | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
primordial germ cell
(Fisher et al., 2012)
trunk mesoderm anlage

Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 7 -- 8
foregut anlage
(Fisher et al., 2012)
head mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | faint | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
trunk mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 9 -- 10
anterior endoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
germline cell
(Fisher et al., 2012)
head mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | faint | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
posterior endoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
trunk mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
amnioserosa
(Fisher et al., 2012)
anterior midgut primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
foregut primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
germline cell
(Fisher et al., 2012)
head mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | faint | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
posterior midgut primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
proventriculus primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
trunk mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
yolk nucleus
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
amnioserosa
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic proventriculus
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval fat body
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval lymph gland
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval midgut
(Fisher et al., 2012)
germline cell
(Fisher et al., 2012)
gonad
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | faint | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
yolk nucleus
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 1 -- 2
pole plasm
(Yatsu et al., 2008)
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage | female
(Dushay et al., 1996)
late third instar larval stage -- prepupal stage P4(ii)
embryonic/larval salivary gland

Comment: 8 hr before - 12 hr after puparium formation

(Lehmann et al., 2002)
embryonic stage 1 -- 4
organism
(Dushay et al., 1996)
RT-PCR
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult Malpighian tubule
(McGettigan et al., 2005)
Additional Descriptive Data

Rel expression in salivary glands begins 8 hours prior to puparium formation, and ends 12 hours after puparium formation, with a peak 2 hours APF.

(Lehmann et al., 2002)

3.4kb Rel transcripts are expressed constitutively and are induced about 15-fold upon infection.

(Dushay et al., 1996)

The 3.1kb Rel transcripts are undetectable in untreated flies and are induced greater than 50-fold in infected flies.

(Dushay et al., 1996)

A 2.7kb Rel transcript is present in early embryos and uninjected adult females.

(Dushay et al., 1996)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
third instar larval stage
Malpighian tubule
(Verma and Tapadia, 2014)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Cha et al., 2003, Bhattacharya and Steward, 2002, Stoven et al., 2000)
located_in cytosol
inferred from direct assay
(Cornwell and Kirkpatrick, 2001)
located_in euchromatin
inferred from direct assay
(Bonnay et al., 2014)
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Delaney et al., 2006, Kleino et al., 2005, Cha et al., 2003, Bhattacharya and Steward, 2002, Cornwell and Kirkpatrick, 2001, Stoven et al., 2000)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Rel in GBrowse 2
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 1-3
  • Stages(s) 4-6
  • Stages(s) 7-8
  • Stages(s) 9-10
  • Stages(s) 11-12
  • Stages(s) 13-16
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, and Transgenic Constructs
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 16 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 35 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Rel
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Rel
Deletions and Duplications ( 2 )
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal | recessive
lethal - all die before end of pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4da.G32
partially lethal - majority die | female, with Scer\GAL4Ddc.PU
partially lethal - majority die | female, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU
viable
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4arm.PS
viable, with Scer\GAL4Cg.PA
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
Sterility
Allele
fertile
Other Phenotypes
Allele
feeding behavior defective | adult stage | recessive
immune response defective
immune response defective, with Scer\GAL4c564
immune response defective, with Scer\GAL4Cg.PA
immune response defective (with Df(3R)ED5301)
immune response defective | adult stage
immune response defective | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI
immune response defective | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4c564
immune response defective | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
immune response defective | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4He.PZ
immune response defective | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Hml.Δ
immune response defective | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4repo
immune response defective | adult stage | recessive
immune response defective | recessive
increased cell death | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4repo
increased cell number, with Scer\GAL4cad-md509
increased mortality | adult stage
increased occurrence of cell division | adult stage
increased occurrence of cell division | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4cad-md509
increased occurrence of cell division | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4NP0001
increased occurrence of cell division | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4NP5130
locomotor behavior defective | adult stage
locomotor behavior defective | adult stage | dominant
locomotor behavior defective | adult stage | progressive, with Scer\GAL4da.G32
neuroanatomy defective, with Scer\GAL4ppk.1.9
neuroanatomy defective | adult stage | progressive, with Scer\GAL4GMR.long
neuroanatomy defective | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4ppk.PU
neurophysiology defective | third instar larval stage
pain response defective | adult stage, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
short lived
short lived | conditional
short lived | conditional, with Scer\GAL4c564
short lived | conditional (with Df(3R)ED5301)
short lived | nutrition conditional
short lived | RU486 conditional, with Scer\GAL4da.Switch.PT
size defective | adult stage | recessive | nutrition conditional
some die during pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4da.G32
starvation stress response defective | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Cg.PA
starvation stress response defective | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4ppl.PP
starvation stress response defective | adult stage | recessive
visible, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
visible, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PU
visible, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4
visible | cold sensitive
visible | dominant
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
abdominal anterior ventral multidendritic neuron vdaa, with Scer\GAL4ppk.1.9
abdominal segment motor neuron | third instar larval stage
adult brain, with Scer\GAL4repo
adult fat body
adult fat body | nutrition conditional
adult fat body | nutrition conditional, with Scer\GAL4Cg.PA
adult fat body | nutrition conditional, with Scer\GAL4ppl.PP
adult gut
adult posterior midgut epithelium
autophagosome | adult stage | conditional
crossvein, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
dorsocentral bristle | ectopic
embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction | third instar larval stage
eye, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PU
intestinal stem cell
intestinal stem cell, with Scer\GAL4NP0001
intestinal stem cell, with Scer\GAL4NP5130
lamina, with Scer\GAL4repo
larval dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaC, with Scer\GAL4ppk.1.9
larval multidendritic class IV neuron | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4ppk.PU
lipid droplet | adult stage | nutrition conditional
longitudinal vein, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
macrochaeta, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4
macrochaeta | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4
macrochaeta | ectopic | cold sensitive
mesothoracic tergum, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4
mesothoracic tergum | ectopic | cold sensitive
photoreceptor cell | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4GMR.long
retina, with Scer\GAL4GMR.long
wing, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
wing blade, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
wing blade, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Download All OrthoDB Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Homo sapiens (Human) (5)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Hsap\NFKB1
7 of 15
Yes
Yes
Hsap\NFKB2
6 of 15
No
Yes
Hsap\RELA
2 of 15
No
No
3133  
Hsap\RELB
2 of 15
No
No
Hsap\REL
2 of 15
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (5)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Mmus\Nfkb2
7 of 15
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Nfkb1
6 of 15
No
Yes
1  
Mmus\Rela
2 of 15
No
No
1  
Mmus\Relb
2 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Rel
2 of 15
No
No
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (5)
Rnor\Nfkb2
6 of 13
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Nfkb1
5 of 13
No
Yes
Rnor\Rela
2 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Relb
2 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Rel
1 of 13
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (5)
Xtro\nfkb1
4 of 12
Yes
Yes
Xtro\nfkb2
4 of 12
Yes
Yes
Xtro\rela
2 of 12
No
No
Xtro\rel
2 of 12
No
No
Xtro\relb
1 of 12
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (5)
Drer\nfkb2
8 of 15
Yes
Yes
Drer\nfkb1
2 of 15
No
No
Drer\rela
2 of 15
No
No
Drer\relb
2 of 15
No
No
Drer\rel
2 of 15
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)
Cele\shn-1
1 of 15
Yes
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
No records found.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
No records found.
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
No records found.
Ortholog(s) in Drosophila Species (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG09190381 )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
AAA Syntenic Ortholog
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Drosophila suzukii
Spotted wing Drosophila
Dsuz\DS10_00011541
Drosophila simulans
Dsim\Rel
Drosophila sechellia
Dsec\Rel
Drosophila erecta
Dere\GG17396
Drosophila yakuba
Dyak\Rel
Drosophila ananassae
Dana\GF18430
Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura
Dpse\GA11317
Drosophila persimilis
Dper\GL12490
Drosophila willistoni
Dwil\GK14061
Drosophila virilis
Dvir\GJ23481
Drosophila mojavensis
Dmoj\GI10193
Drosophila grimshawi
Dgri\GH18237
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG09150349 )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Musca domestica
House fly
Mdoa\17016152
Glossina morsitans
Tsetse fly
Gmor\GMOY001673
Lucilia cuprina
Australian sheep blowfly
Lcup\FF38_04187
Mayetiola destructor
Hessian fly
Mdes\Mdes012863
Aedes aegypti
Yellow fever mosquito
Aaeg\REL2
Aedes aegypti
Yellow fever mosquito
Aaeg\AAEL010996
Anopheles darlingi
American malaria mosquito
Adar\ADAC002697
Culex quinquefasciatus
Southern house mosquito
Cqui\CPIJ012236
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090W03U1 )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Bombyx mori
Silkmoth
Bmor\BGIBMGA002464
Bombyx mori
Silkmoth
Bmor\BGIBMGA002465
Danaus plexippus
Monarch butterfly
Dple\DPOGS208891-PA
Heliconius melpomene
Postman butterfly
Hmel\Relish
Apis florea
Little honeybee
Aflo\2159177538
Apis florea
Little honeybee
Aflo\2147606563
Apis mellifera
Western honey bee
Amel\GB40654
Bombus impatiens
Common eastern bumble bee
Bimp\BIMP24974
Bombus terrestris
Buff-tailed bumblebee
Bter\15206035
Linepithema humile
Argentine ant
Lhum\LH14204
Megachile rotundata
Alfalfa leafcutting bee
Mrot\MROTU:001b15
Nasonia vitripennis
Parasitic wasp
Nvit\Nasvi2EG007033
Dendroctonus ponderosae
Mountain pine beetle
Dpod\YQE_09529
Tribolium castaneum
Red flour beetle
Tcas\rel
Pediculus humanus
Human body louse
Phum\PHUM424570
Pediculus humanus
Human body louse
Phum\PHUM424590
Rhodnius prolixus
Kissing bug
Rpro\relish
Cimex lectularius
Bed bug
Clec\CLEC006288
Zootermopsis nevadensis
Nevada dampwood termite
Znev\Znev_11193
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090X03RC )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Strigamia maritima
European centipede
Smar\SMAR011690
Ixodes scapularis
Black-legged tick
Isca\ISCW018935
Stegodyphus mimosarum
African social velvet spider
Smim\KFM68513.1
Tetranychus urticae
Two-spotted spider mite
Turt\tetur07g00650
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_329057
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_36183
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_65051
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_65048
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_67009
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_317946
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_245609
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( None identified )
No non-Arthropod Metazoa orthologies identified
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (2)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
orthoMCL
Panther
RoundUp
Alignment
Dif
2 of 10
dl
2 of 10
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Model Summary Ribbon
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 2 )
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    NFKB2; nuclear factor kappa B subunit 2
    model of  common variable immunodeficiency
    IEA
    (FlyBase, 2019-)
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 3 )
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    NFKB1; nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1
    7 of 15
    164011
      NFKB2; nuclear factor kappa B subunit 2
      6 of 15
      164012
      Functional Complementation Data
      Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
      Interactions
      Summary of Physical Interactions
      esyN Network Diagram
      Show neighbor-neighbor interactions:
      Select Layout:
      Legend:
      Protein
      RNA
      Selected Interactor(s)
      Interactions Browser
      View in Interactions Browser
      Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
      protein-protein
      Physical Interaction
      Assay
      References
      Rel
      two hybrid array, surface plasmon resonance
      (Shokri et al., 2019, Bitra et al., 2012)
      Rel - B-H1
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - BEAF-32
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - Bro
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - BtbVII
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - BuGZ
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - CG10209
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - CG10348
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - CG10431
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - CG11398
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - CG12299
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - CG13287
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - CG14667
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - CG14711
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - CG15435
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - CG15710
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - CG1602
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - CG1603
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - CG1647
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - CG17198
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - CG17801
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - CG17829
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - CG18764
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - CG31612
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - CG31955
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - CG32121
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - CG32264
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - CG32767
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - CG32772
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - CG34376
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - CG4496
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - CG4730
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - CG4956
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - CG6689
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - CG6765
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - CG7099
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - CG7271
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - CG7963
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - CG8765
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - CanA1
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
      (Dijkers and O'Farrell, 2007)
      Rel - Cenp-C
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - Charon
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, western blot, experimental knowledge based, peptide massfingerprinting
      (Ji et al., 2016, Morris et al., 2016, Rhee et al., 2014, Guruharsha et al., 2011)
      Rel - CrebB
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - DMAP1
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
      (Goto et al., 2014)
      Rel - Deaf1
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - Dif
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, surface plasmon resonance
      (Chowdhury et al., 2019, Bitra et al., 2012)
      Rel - Dlip3
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - Doc1
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - Dredd
      enzymatic study, western blot
      (Kim et al., 2014, Ertürk-Hasdemir et al., 2009)
      Rel - E(spl)m3-HLH
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - E(spl)m8-HLH
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - E(spl)mγ-HLH
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - EcR
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - Eip75B
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - H
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - HHEX
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - HP1b
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - Hmg-2
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - Hnf4
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - Hr78
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - IKKβ
      enzymatic study, autoradiography, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based
      (Rhee et al., 2014, Guruharsha et al., 2011, Ertürk-Hasdemir et al., 2009)
      Rel - Lim3
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - Mad
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - Med
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - Mef2
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - Met
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - Mnt
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - Mondo
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - NC2α
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - NC2β
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - Oaz
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - Optix
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - Poxm
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - Poxn
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - Ptx1
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - Rbsn-5
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - Sox102F
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - Sox21a
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - Sp1
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - Sry-β
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - Su(H)
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - TfAP-2
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - Tim10
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based
      (Rhee et al., 2014)
      Rel - ac
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - akirin
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
      (Cammarata-Mouchtouris et al., 2020, Bonnay et al., 2014)
      Rel - ato
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - bap
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - bcd
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - bowl
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - br
      anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
      (Verma and Tapadia, 2015)
      Rel - brk
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - btd
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - bun
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - cact
      pull down, anti tag western blot, two hybrid, surface plasmon resonance
      (Bitra et al., 2012, Minakhina et al., 2003)
      Rel - cato
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - chm
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - chn
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - crm
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - croc
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - ct
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - d4
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - dl
      surface plasmon resonance, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
      (Chowdhury et al., 2019, Bitra et al., 2012)
      Rel - dmrt11E
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - dmrt93B
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - dsx
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - eya
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
      (Liu et al., 2012)
      Rel - fd19B
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - fd59A
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - fd96Cb
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - fkh
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - ftz-f1
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - gce
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - gcm2
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - grh
      two hybrid array, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, fluorescence microscopy
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - h
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - htk
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - inv
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - key
      experimental knowledge based, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
      (Rhee et al., 2014, Guruharsha et al., 2011)
      Rel - ktub
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - l(2)k10201
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - mamo
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - mbf1
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - net
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - nom
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - otp
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - pan
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - pdm3
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - peb
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - ph-p
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - polybromo
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
      (He et al., 2017)
      Rel - prd
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - pzg
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - retn
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - ro
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - sisA
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - sob
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - sqz
      bimolecular fluorescence complementation, fluorescence microscopy, two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - stwl
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - su(Hw)
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - sv
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - tap
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - term
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - tin
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - tj
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - topi
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - tup
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Rel - wdn
      two hybrid array, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, fluorescence microscopy
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Summary of Genetic Interactions
      esyN Network Diagram
      esyN Network Key:
      Suppression
      Enhancement
      View in Interactions Browser
      Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      Rel
      suppressible
      bmm
      (Molaei et al., 2019)
      Rel
      enhanceable
      Dredd
      (Ayyar et al., 2007)
      Rel
      suppressible
      foxo
      (Molaei et al., 2019)
      Rel
      enhanceable
      GluRIIA
      (Harris et al., 2018)
      Rel
      suppressible
      IBIN
      (Valanne et al., 2019)
      Rel
      suppressible
      mtd
      (Wang et al., 2012)
      Rel
      enhanceable
      mtd
      (Wang et al., 2012)
      Rel
      enhanceable
      sc
      (Ayyar et al., 2007)
      Rel
      enhanceable
      spz
      (De Gregorio et al., 2002)
      Rel
      enhanceable
      Tl
      (De Gregorio et al., 2002)
      Rel
      enhanceable
      Tollo
      (Ayyar et al., 2007)
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      Atf3
      suppressible
      Rel
      (Rynes et al., 2012)
      ClC-b
      suppressible
      Rel
      (Wong et al., 2017)
      dlg1
      suppressible
      Rel
      (Parvy et al., 2019)
      dlg1
      enhanceable
      Rel
      (Parvy et al., 2019)
      dnr1
      suppressible
      Rel
      (Cao et al., 2013)
      Dredd
      enhanceable
      Rel
      (Ayyar et al., 2007)
      egr
      enhanceable
      Rel
      (Tsuda et al., 2010)
      egr
      suppressible
      POSH|Rel
      (Tsuda et al., 2010)
      norpA
      suppressible
      Rel
      (Chinchore et al., 2012)
      PGRP-LE
      suppressible
      Rel
      (Libert et al., 2006)
      PGRP-LF
      suppressible
      Rel
      (Maillet et al., 2008)
      Pink1
      enhanceable
      Rel
      (Lee et al., 2020)
      sc
      enhanceable
      Rel
      (Ayyar et al., 2007)
      spz
      enhanceable
      Rel
      (De Gregorio et al., 2002)
      tefu
      suppressible
      Rel
      (Petersen et al., 2013)
      Tollo
      enhanceable
      Rel
      (Ayyar et al., 2007)
      TrpA1
      suppressible
      Rel
      (Du et al., 2016)
      vtd
      suppressible
      Rel
      (Liu et al., 2015)
      External Data
      Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
      Rel-p68 subunit interacts with Dredd (PubMed:11269502). Interacts with DMAP1 (PubMed:24947515). Interacts with akirin; interaction is immune stimulation-dependent; activates selected rel target gene promoters (PubMed:25180232).
      (UniProt, Q94527 )
      Linkouts
      BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
      InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
      MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      Pathways
      Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
      Imd Signaling Pathway Core Components -
      The immune deficiency (Imd) pathway primarily mediates the humoral immune response to Gram-negative bacteria. Activation of the Imd pathway by diaminopimelic acid-type peptidoglycan initiates a signaling cascade that ultimately results in the release of the NFκB-like factor Rel from auto-inhibition and its translocation into the nucleus to activate the transcription of antimicrobial peptides. (Adapted from FBrf0224587 and FBrf0238555.)
      Metabolic Pathways
      External Data
      Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
      Chromosome (arm)
      3R
      Recombination map

      3-48

      Cytogenetic map
      85C3-85C3
      Sequence location
      3R:9,044,183..9,047,977 [-]
      FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Evidence for location
      85C3-85C3
      Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}l(3)L4740L4740 and P{EP}D1EP473
      Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Notes
      References
      85C9-85C10
      (determined by in situ hybridisation)
      (Hedengren et al., 1999)
      85C9-85C10
      (Hedengren, 1999.9.14, Hedengren, 1999.9.14, Hedengren, 1999.9.14, Hedengren, 1999.9.14, Hedengren, 1999.9.14, Hedengren, 1999.9.14)
      85C-85C
      (Dushay, 1996.6.24)
      85C1-85C13
      (determined by in situ hybridisation)
      (Spradling et al., 1999)
      85C-85C
      (determined by in situ hybridisation)
      (Dushay et al., 1996, Cooley et al., 1988)
      85C-85D
      (Asling et al., 1996)
      85C1-85C13
      (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
      Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
      Location

      3-48

      (FlyBase, 2016)

      3-45.8

      (Comeron et al., 2012)

      3-

      (Wu et al., 2001, Wu and Anderson, 1998, Asling et al., 1996)
      Left of (cM)
      (Wu et al., 2001)
      (Wu and Anderson, 1998)
      Right of (cM)
      (Wu et al., 2001, Wu and Anderson, 1998)
      Notes
      Stocks and Reagents
      Stocks (28)
      Genomic Clones (17)
       

      Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

      cDNA Clones (77)
       

      Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

      cDNA clones, fully sequenced
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

      For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

      cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
      RNAi and Array Information
      Linkouts
      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
      GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
      Antibody Information
      Laboratory Generated Antibodies
       

      polyclonal

      (He et al., 2017, Tanji et al., 2010)
      Commercially Available Antibodies
       
      Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank - Monoclonal antibodies for use in research
      Other Information
      Relationship to Other Genes
      Source for database identify of
      Source for database merge of

      Source for merge of: Rel l(3)neo36

      (Spradling et al., 1999)

      Source for merge of: Rel ird4

      (Wu et al., 2001)
      Additional comments
      Other Comments

      Rel is necessary to provide immunity to reactive oxygen species-resistant pathogens.

      (Ryu et al., 2006)

      RNAi screen using dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene causes a specific decrease in AttA activity in response to heat-killed E.coli, and a reduction of Drs response via the Tl pathway, when assayed in S2 cells.

      (Kleino et al., 2005)

      dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology.

      (Kiger et al., 2003)

      Rel endoproteolysis appears to be carried out by the caspase Dredd.

      (Stoven et al., 2003)

      Area matching Drosophila relish gene (inverted), Acc No. U62005.

      (Davies, 2001.3.15)

      Mutants show no detectable induction of Dpt, CecA1 and CecA2. Attacin levels are reduced compared to wild type and Drs induction is normal.

      (Lu et al., 2001)

      Identified as a gene with significant level of mRNA cycling as assessed by expression analysis using high density oligonucleotide arrays with probe generated from adult heads harvested over six time points over the course of a day. Shows alteration in expression in a Clk mutant background.

      (McDonald and Rosbash, 2001)

      Identification: as a mutation that fails to induce expression of Ecol\lacZDpt.PR normally in response to infection. 4 "ird4" alleles have been obtained.

      (Wu et al., 2001)

      The Rel protein is rapidly cleaved into two parts after immune challenge. An N-terminal fragment, containing the DNA-binding Rel homology domain, translocates to the nucleus, while the C-terminal IκB-like fragment remains in the cytoplasm.

      (Stoven et al., 2000)

      Identification: EMS screen for mutations that prevent Dpt expression in response to infection.

      (Wu and Anderson, 1998)

      Mutants exhibit a block of Dif nuclear localisation in response to infection.

      (Wu and Anderson, 1998)

      Rel is required for the signal-dependent localisation of Dif and has a less important or indirect role in nuclear localisation of dl.

      (Wu and Anderson, 1998)

      Rel encodes a protein containing both a rel homology domain and an IκB-like domain. Rel is strongly induced in infected flies, and a Rel transcript is also detected in early embryos. Rel can activate transcription from the CecA1 promoter of a CecA1-Ecol\lacZ reporter construct.

      (Dushay et al., 1996)

      Identified in a PCR differential display screen for genes induced when the immune system is activated.

      (Asling et al., 1995)
      Origin and Etymology
      Discoverer
      Etymology
      Identification
      External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 108 )
      Sequence Crossreferences
      NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
      GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
      GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
      RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
      UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
      Other crossreferences
      BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
      Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
      Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
      Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
      Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
      GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
      iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
      InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
      KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
      modMine - A data warehouse for the modENCODE project
      SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.
      Linkouts
      BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
      DPiM - Drosophila Protein interaction map
      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
      Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank - Monoclonal antibodies for use in research
      FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
      FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
      FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
      FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
      Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
      InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
      KEGG Pathways - Wiring diagrams of molecular interactions, reactions and relations.
      MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
      Synonyms and Secondary IDs (23)
      Reported As
      Symbol Synonym
      CG11992
      (Douglas et al., 2011, Marcu et al., 2011, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Gendrin et al., 2009, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009, Hernandez-Romano et al., 2008, Tsai et al., 2008, Valanne et al., 2007, Kleino et al., 2005, Wertheim et al., 2005, De Gregorio et al., 2002, De Gregorio et al., 2001, Whitfield, 2000.5.4, Whitfield, 2000.5.10)
      NF-kappaB
      (Bond and Foley, 2009)
      NF-κB
      (Toprak et al., 2020, Liu et al., 2017, Reichert, 2017, Broderick, 2016, Capo et al., 2016, Faye and Lindberg, 2016, Neyen and Lemaitre, 2015, Imler, 2014, Myllymäki et al., 2014, Arvanitis et al., 2013, Lee and Brey, 2013, Ryu et al., 2010, Choi et al., 2008, Kim et al., 2005, Wertheim et al., 2005)
      NF-κΒ
      (Kounatidis et al., 2017)
      NFκB
      (Losada-Perez et al., 2017, Piccirillo et al., 2014, Libert et al., 2006)
      REL
      (Galenza and Foley, 2019, Tsichritzis et al., 2007, Kwiatkowski, 2005)
      RELI
      (Cronin et al., 2009)
      Rel
      (Cho et al., 2020, Deng et al., 2020, Hung et al., 2020, Lim et al., 2020, Aalto et al., 2019, Araki et al., 2019, Carty and Bowie, 2019, Chaudhary and Boutros, 2019, Chen et al., 2019, Chowdhury et al., 2019, Engel et al., 2019, Fahey-Lozano et al., 2019, Hanson et al., 2019, Houtz et al., 2019, Khan et al., 2019, Lang et al., 2019, Lin et al., 2019, Maitra et al., 2019, Meltzer et al., 2019, Sanchez Bosch et al., 2019, Shokri et al., 2019, Shukla et al., 2019, Si et al., 2019, Tang and Engström, 2019, Troha and Buchon, 2019, Wang et al., 2019, Westfall et al., 2019, Akishina et al., 2018, Anthoney et al., 2018, Bischof et al., 2018, Davie et al., 2018, Davis and Rebay, 2018, Goto et al., 2018, Harris et al., 2018, Kwon et al., 2018, Li et al., 2018, Shibata and Kawabata, 2018, Steele et al., 2018, Troha et al., 2018, Yu et al., 2018, Akishina et al., 2017, Bastos et al., 2017, Christesen et al., 2017, Daisley et al., 2017, Dostálová et al., 2017, Keesey et al., 2017, Khadilkar et al., 2017, Kim et al., 2017, Kurz et al., 2017, Maki et al., 2017, Park et al., 2017, Romero-Pozuelo et al., 2017, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Chatterjee et al., 2016, Di Gregorio et al., 2016, Guillou et al., 2016, Kučerová et al., 2016, Lamiable et al., 2016, Mistry et al., 2016, Baëza et al., 2015, Fan et al., 2015, Jasper, 2015, Kanoh et al., 2015, Li and Dijkers, 2015, Liu et al., 2015, Ma et al., 2015, model organism Encyclopedia of Regulatory Network (modERN) Project, 2015-, Sansone et al., 2015, Schertel et al., 2015, Sudmeier et al., 2015, Vedanayagam and Garrigan, 2015, Verma and Tapadia, 2015, Xia et al., 2015, Xiao et al., 2015, Zhang et al., 2015, Binggeli et al., 2014, Bonnay et al., 2014, Chen et al., 2014, Engel et al., 2014, Goto et al., 2014, Guo et al., 2014, Kuo and Williams, 2014, Kuo and Williams, 2014, Terhzaz et al., 2014, Aparicio et al., 2013, Ayyaz and Jasper, 2013, Buchon et al., 2013, Christofi and Apidianakis, 2013, Clark et al., 2013, Dantoft et al., 2013, Fukuyama et al., 2013, Gendrin et al., 2013, Huang et al., 2013, Iyer et al., 2013, Kari et al., 2013, Katzenberger et al., 2013, Petersen et al., 2013, Sen et al., 2013, Sen et al., 2013, Short and Lazzaro, 2013, Shravage et al., 2013, Spokony and White, 2013.5.10, Stefanatos et al., 2013, Zhang et al., 2013, An et al., 2012, Berger et al., 2012, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Liu et al., 2012, Pilátová and Dionne, 2012, Rincon-Arano et al., 2012, Vanha-Aho et al., 2012, Wu et al., 2012, Clark et al., 2011, Narbonne-Reveau et al., 2011, Paredes et al., 2011, Zaidman-Rémy et al., 2011, Zhang and Arnosti, 2011, Zhao et al., 2011, Becker et al., 2010, Blanco et al., 2010, Buechling et al., 2010, Chen et al., 2010, Hill-Burns and Clark, 2010, Kong et al., 2010, Kuo et al., 2010, Matova and Anderson, 2010, Tanji et al., 2010, Tsuda et al., 2010, Buchon et al., 2009, Buchon et al., 2009, Buchon et al., 2009, Defaye et al., 2009, Dijkers and O'Farrell, 2009, Gendrin et al., 2009, Ha et al., 2009, Ha et al., 2009, Ha et al., 2009, Harbison et al., 2009, Helenius et al., 2009, Jin et al., 2009, Prokupek et al., 2009, Wiklund et al., 2009, Aggarwal et al., 2008, Boltz and Carney, 2008, Choi et al., 2008, Davis et al., 2008, Goto et al., 2008, Jin et al., 2008, Lhocine et al., 2008, Linder et al., 2008, Ratnaparkhi and Courey, 2008, Ratnaparkhi et al., 2008, Vonkavaara et al., 2008, Xi et al., 2008, Yano et al., 2008, Yatsu et al., 2008, Ayyar et al., 2007, Bidla et al., 2007, Copley et al., 2007, Curtis et al., 2007, Dijkers and O'Farrell, 2007, Junell et al., 2007, Kim et al., 2007, Kuranaga and Miura, 2007, Sackton et al., 2007, Valanne et al., 2007, Weiler, 2007, Bergmann, 2006, Brun et al., 2006, Kambris et al., 2006, Kambris et al., 2006, Kim et al., 2006, Libert et al., 2006, Liehl et al., 2006, Matova and Anderson, 2006, Scherfer et al., 2006, Zaidman-Remy et al., 2006, Gesellchen et al., 2005, Kim et al., 2005, Lee et al., 2005, McGettigan et al., 2005, Thoetkiattikul et al., 2005, Yagi and Ip, 2005, Lau et al., 2003, Uvell and Engstrom, 2003, Cornwell and Kirkpatrick, 2001, Gim et al., 2001, Dushay et al., 1996)
      Rel-p110
      (Hernandez-Romano et al., 2008)
      Rel/NF-κB
      (Matova and Anderson, 2010)
      Rel1
      (Sepúlveda-Salinas and Ramos-Castañeda, 2017)
      Rel49
      (Neyen et al., 2016)
      RelA
      (Tan et al., 2014)
      Relish
      (Barretto et al., 2020, Hanson and Lemaitre, 2020, Chen et al., 2016, Mao et al., 2016, El Chamy et al., 2015, Hamilton et al., 2015, Kanoh et al., 2015, Zhan et al., 2015, Bonnay et al., 2014, Ayyaz and Jasper, 2013, Bangi, 2013, Kuraishi et al., 2013, Morin-Poulard et al., 2013, Bier and Guichard, 2012, Eleftherianos and Castillo, 2012, Igboin et al., 2012, Kounatidis and Ligoxygakis, 2012, Vonkavaara et al., 2007)
      ird
      (Wasserman, 2000)
      ird4
      (Wu et al., 2001, Aderem and Ulevitch, 2000, Govind, 1999, Wu and Anderson, 1998)
      l(3)neo36
      (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999, Cooley et al., 1988)
      rel
      (Gilbert et al., 2020, Palmer et al., 2020, Vandehoef et al., 2020, Harsh et al., 2019, Molaei et al., 2019, Palmer et al., 2019, Parvy et al., 2019, Al-Ramahi et al., 2018, Badinloo et al., 2018, Poirier et al., 2018, Shahrestani et al., 2018, He et al., 2017, Huang et al., 2017, Zhang et al., 2017, Du et al., 2016, Fink et al., 2016, Iatsenko et al., 2016, Iyer et al., 2016, Morris et al., 2016, Ji et al., 2014, Verma and Tapadia, 2014, Cao et al., 2013, Rancès et al., 2013, Wang et al., 2013, Bangi et al., 2012, Chinchore et al., 2012, Rynes et al., 2012, Buechling et al., 2011, Fullaondo et al., 2011, Karpac et al., 2011, van Uden et al., 2011, Fan et al., 2010, Radyuk et al., 2010, Berkey et al., 2009, Brown et al., 2009, Costa et al., 2009, Cronin et al., 2009, Guntermann et al., 2009, Luce-Fedrow et al., 2009, Markovic et al., 2009, Jones et al., 2008, Tan et al., 2008, Tresch and Markowetz, 2008, Hallem et al., 2007, Wu et al., 2007, Leclerc et al., 2006, Mulinari et al., 2006, Tang et al., 2006, Apidianakis et al., 2005, Mace et al., 2005, Mace et al., 2005, Peng et al., 2005, Park et al., 2004, Agaisse et al., 2003, Boutros et al., 2002, McKean and Nunney, 2001, Chen et al., 2000, Leulier et al., 2000)
      relish
      (Chen et al., 2020, Lauwers et al., 2009)
      Name Synonyms
      Nuclear Factor-kappa-B p110
      (Castillo et al., 2015)
      Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p110 subunit
      (Hernandez-Romano et al., 2008)
      RELISH
      (Merkling and van Rij, 2013, Liu et al., 2012, Cornwell and Kirkpatrick, 2001)
      Relish
      (Blount et al., 2020, Iwashita et al., 2020, Lee et al., 2020, Ma et al., 2020, Makhnovskii et al., 2020, Ramond et al., 2020, Toprak et al., 2020, Zhang et al., 2020, Zugasti et al., 2020, Chen et al., 2019, Chowdhury et al., 2019, Dudzic et al., 2019, Valanne et al., 2019, Wang et al., 2019, Badinloo et al., 2018, Cara et al., 2018, Goto et al., 2018, Hori et al., 2018, Kounatidis and Chtarbanova, 2018, Losada-Perez, 2018, Ly et al., 2018, Min and Tatar, 2018, Palmer et al., 2018, Shahrestani et al., 2018, Sherri et al., 2018, Su et al., 2018, Westfall et al., 2018, Yuan et al., 2018, Zhai et al., 2018, Allada et al., 2017, Keita et al., 2017, Kenmoku et al., 2017, Kounatidis et al., 2017, Kurz et al., 2017, Liu et al., 2017, Maki et al., 2017, Mussabekova et al., 2017, Tavignot et al., 2017, Yadav et al., 2017, Ji et al., 2016, Kaynar et al., 2016, Kumar et al., 2016, Lim and Tsuda, 2016, Troutwine et al., 2016, Yadav and Tapadia, 2016, Yadav et al., 2016, Bandarra et al., 2015, Castillo et al., 2015, Kanoh et al., 2015, Li and Dijkers, 2015, Liu et al., 2015, Liu et al., 2015, Momiuchi et al., 2015, Shirinian et al., 2015, Stratoulias and Heino, 2015, Terhzaz et al., 2015, Vedanayagam and Garrigan, 2015, Yu et al., 2015, Bonnay et al., 2014, Goto et al., 2014, Imler, 2014, Keebaugh and Schlenke, 2014, Kim et al., 2014, Kleino and Silverman, 2014, Lee and Lee, 2014, Lindsay and Wasserman, 2014, Myllymäki et al., 2014, Panayidou et al., 2014, Tan et al., 2014, Terhzaz et al., 2014, Verma and Tapadia, 2014, Xu and Cherry, 2014, Aparicio et al., 2013, Cao et al., 2013, Clark et al., 2013, Dantoft et al., 2013, Ferrandon, 2013, Fukuyama et al., 2013, Kemp et al., 2013, Kingsolver et al., 2013, Luo et al., 2013, Owusu-Ansah et al., 2013, Shravage et al., 2013, Wang et al., 2013, An et al., 2012, Bitra et al., 2012, Bosco-Drayon et al., 2012, Felix et al., 2012, Jones et al., 2012, Meinander et al., 2012, Overend et al., 2012, Tsuzuki et al., 2012, Vandenabeele and Bertrand, 2012, Vanha-Aho et al., 2012, Verma and Tapadia, 2012, Wang et al., 2012, Akhouayri et al., 2011, Fullaondo et al., 2011, Garcia and Stathopoulos, 2011, Karpac et al., 2011, Marcu et al., 2011, Narbonne-Reveau et al., 2011, Ragab et al., 2011, Sehgal and Mignot, 2011, van Uden et al., 2011, Zaidman-Rémy et al., 2011, Becker et al., 2010, Kallio et al., 2010, Kuo et al., 2010, O'Callaghan and Vergunst, 2010, Radyuk et al., 2010, Ryu et al., 2010, Sabin et al., 2010, Tanji et al., 2010, Valanne et al., 2010, Berkey et al., 2009, Buchon et al., 2009, Defaye et al., 2009, Diangelo et al., 2009, Dijkers and O'Farrell, 2009, Ertürk-Hasdemir et al., 2009, Gendrin et al., 2009, Geuking et al., 2009, Ha et al., 2009, Harbison et al., 2009, Helenius et al., 2009, Jin et al., 2009, Liu et al., 2009, Obbard et al., 2009, Towb et al., 2009, Wiklund et al., 2009, Aggarwal et al., 2008, Choi et al., 2008, Davis et al., 2008, Goto et al., 2008, Hernandez-Romano et al., 2008, Jin et al., 2008, Jones et al., 2008, Kleino et al., 2008, Krupinski et al., 2008, Lhocine et al., 2008, Maillet et al., 2008, Orr et al., 2008, Pal et al., 2008, Ratnaparkhi and Courey, 2008, Ratnaparkhi et al., 2008, Reed et al., 2008, Ryu et al., 2008, Sekiya et al., 2008, Silverman et al., 2008, Tsai et al., 2008, Vonkavaara et al., 2008, Xi et al., 2008, Yano et al., 2008, Ayyar et al., 2007, Busse et al., 2007, Copley et al., 2007, Dijkers and O'Farrell, 2007, Huh et al., 2007, Kim et al., 2007, Levine and Begun, 2007, Libert et al., 2007, Minidorff et al., 2007, Sackton et al., 2007, Valanne et al., 2007, Waterhouse et al., 2007, Williams et al., 2007, Wu and Silverman, 2007, Wu et al., 2007, Akira et al., 2006, Brun et al., 2006, Delaney et al., 2006, Kim et al., 2006, Kim et al., 2006, Leulier et al., 2006, Libert et al., 2006, Liehl et al., 2006, Matova and Anderson, 2006, Minakhina and Steward, 2006, Ryu et al., 2006, Saleh et al., 2006, Scherfer et al., 2006, Senger et al., 2006, Gesellchen et al., 2005, Greene et al., 2005, Kim et al., 2005, Lee et al., 2005, Wertheim et al., 2005, Yagi and Ip, 2005, Bettencourt et al., 2004, Roxstrom-Lindquist et al., 2004, Ryu et al., 2004, Cha et al., 2003, Minakhina et al., 2003, Park et al., 2003, Uvell and Engstrom, 2003, Yajima et al., 2003, Avila et al., 2002, Bhattacharya and Steward, 2002, Lehmann et al., 2002, Roxstrom-Lindquist et al., 2002, Gim et al., 2001, Lindmark et al., 2001, Silverman et al., 2000, Asling, 1999.9.13, Hedengren, 1999.9.14, Hedengren, 1999.9.14, Hedengren, 1999.9.14, Hedengren, 1999.9.14, Hedengren, 1999.9.14, Hedengren, 1999.9.14, Dushay et al., 1997, Dushay, 1996.6.24, Dushay et al., 1996, Hultmark, 1995.6.7)
      immune response deficient 4
      (Wu and Anderson, 1998)
      relish
      (Belmonte et al., 2019, Hill et al., 2019, Garschall and Flatt, 2018, Wei et al., 2018, Iyer et al., 2016, Bandarra et al., 2015, Wu et al., 2015, Bonnay et al., 2014, Taylor et al., 2014, Huang et al., 2013, Nelson et al., 2013, Potdar and Sheeba, 2013, Rancès et al., 2013, Stefanatos et al., 2013, Wang et al., 2013, Wang et al., 2012, Wu et al., 2012, Douglas et al., 2011, Mudiganti et al., 2010, Radyuk et al., 2010, Tsuda et al., 2010, Avadhanula et al., 2009, Brown et al., 2009, Costa et al., 2009, Guntermann et al., 2009, Luce-Fedrow et al., 2009, Wagner et al., 2009, Zsindely et al., 2009, Tan et al., 2008, Bidla et al., 2007, Mueller et al., 2007, Tanji et al., 2007, Tsichritzis et al., 2007, Leclerc et al., 2006, Castillejo-Lopez and Häcker, 2005, Johansson et al., 2005, Muller et al., 2005, Tatar et al., 2005, Tsuda et al., 2005, Zerofsky et al., 2005, Bhattacharya and Steward, 2002, McKean and Nunney, 2001, Chen et al., 2000, Lemaitre, 2000.12.20, Meister et al., 2000, Schlenke et al., 2000, Hoffmann et al., 1999)
      Secondary FlyBase IDs
      • FBgn0011469
      • FBgn0024223
      Datasets (0)
      Study focus (0)
      Experimental Role
      Project
      Project Type
      Title
      References (660)