FB2025_05 , released December 11, 2025
Gene: Dmel\BEAF-32
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\BEAF-32
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Boundary element-associated factor of 32kD
Annotation Symbol
CG10159
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0015602
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
19 publicly available
Gene Summary
Boundary element-associated factor of 32kD (BEAF-32) encodes a DNA-binding protein with binding sites near transcription start sites. Its roles include chromatin domain insulator function, gene regulation and genome organization. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

BEAF, BEAF32, BEAF-32B, BEAF-32A, boundary element-associated factor

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
51C2-51C2
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-72
RefSeq locus
NT_033778 REGION:14770469..14772630
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (9 terms)
Molecular Function (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables chromatin insulator sequence binding
inferred from direct assay
(Cuvier et al., 1998, Zhao et al., 1995)
enables DNA binding
inferred from direct assay
(Ogiyama et al., 2018, Hart et al., 1997)
enables protein binding
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:dwg; FB:FBgn0000520
(Blanton et al., 2003)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables DNA binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR004210
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR003656, InterPro:IPR004210
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Biological Process (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in chromatin organization
inferred from direct assay
(Emberly et al., 2008)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Roy et al., 2007)
involved_in oogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Roy et al., 2007)
involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
inferred from direct assay
(Zhao et al., 1995)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN008662825
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Cellular Component (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in chromatin
inferred from direct assay
(Zhao et al., 1995)
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Hart et al., 1997)
located_in polytene chromosome interband
inferred from direct assay
(Berkaeva et al., 2009)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in nucleus
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN008662825
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Boundary element-associated factor of 32kD (BEAF-32) encodes a DNA-binding protein with binding sites near transcription start sites. Its roles include chromatin domain insulator function, gene regulation and genome organization. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
MADF-BESS DOMAIN TRANSCRIPTION REGULATORS -
The MADF-BESS domain transcription regulators include a variety of activators and corepressors and chromatin modifying proteins. BESS domains are often present in combination with MADF domains. The BESS domain mediates protein-protein interactions. (Adapted from FBrf0155780 and FBrf0224045).
Summary (Interactive Fly)

DNA-binding chromatin protein required for insulator function, and chromatin structure and dynamics and genome organization - required for oogenesis and zygotic development

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
3
Number of Unique Polypeptides
2

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\BEAF-32 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q7JN06)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.44

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.50

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
BEAF-32-RA
FBtr0087441
NM_079023
1192
283
BEAF-32-RB
FBtr0087442
NM_166069
1173
282
BEAF-32-RC
FBtr0305588
NM_001259399
1558
282
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

1.205 (longest cDNA)

(Hart et al., 1997)

1.3 (longest cDNA)

(Zhao et al., 1995)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
BEAF-32-PA
FBpp0086571
31.7
283
6.51
Q7JN06
NP_523747
AAF58205
BEAF-32-PB
FBpp0086572
31.8
282
6.52
Q94513
NP_725418
AAG22264
BEAF-32-PC
FBpp0294039
31.8
282
6.52
Q94513
NP_001246328
AFH08082
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

282 aa isoforms: BEAF-32-PB, BEAF-32-PC
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

282 (aa); 32 (kD predicted)

(Hart et al., 1997)

283 (aa); 40, 38 (kD observed); 32 (kD predicted)

(Zhao et al., 1995)
Comments

Two BEAF-32 proteins differ in their amino-terminal sequences presumably as a result of alternative splicing at the 5' end of the gene. Heterocomplexes were found which contain both forms of BEAF-32 protein. The BEAF-32 proteins were shown to have C-terminal protein interaction domains and N-terminal DNA-binding domains.

(Hart et al., 1997)
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\BEAF-32 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.62

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 1 -- 3
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 4 -- 6
organism | anterior
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | gap expression pattern
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 7 -- 8
organism | faint | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 9 -- 10
antennal primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
lateral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | faint | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral nerve cord primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
central brain primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic central brain neuron
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic ganglion mother cell
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic neuroblast of ventral nerve cord primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
lateral cord neuron
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | faint | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral nerve cord primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
embryonic brain
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval midgut
(Fisher et al., 2012)
larval nervous system
(Fisher et al., 2012)
lateral cord neuron
(Fisher et al., 2012)
larval lateral VNC surface glial cell
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | faint | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
larval ventral nerve cord
(Fisher et al., 2012)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 3 -- 13
organism | ubiquitous
• nucleus
(Hart et al., 1999)
embryonic stage 5 -- 13
cell
• nucleus
(Hart et al., 1999)
cultured cell-line

Comment: D1 cells

(Hart et al., 1999)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in chromatin
inferred from direct assay
(Zhao et al., 1995)
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Hart et al., 1997)
located_in polytene chromosome interband
inferred from direct assay
(Berkaeva et al., 2009)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\BEAF-32 in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 1-3
  • Stages(s) 4-6
  • Stages(s) 7-8
  • Stages(s) 9-10
  • Stages(s) 11-12
  • Stages(s) 13-16
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 6 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 26 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of BEAF-32
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of BEAF-32
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 0 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 0 )
Inferred from location ( 3 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI
lethal, with Scer\GAL4en.PU
partially lethal
partially lethal, with Scer\GAL4da.G32
partially lethal | maternal effect | recessive
viable
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PS
viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
Sterility
Allele
female semi-sterile | recessive
fertile
fertile, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PS
male fertile
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal cell shape, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PS
abnormal cell shape | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PS
abnormal flight, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage
abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4GMR.long
abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4GMR.long, Scer\GAL4ey.PH
abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage (with Df(2R)BSC429)
abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage | somatic clone
enhancer of variegation, with In(1)wm4h, Scer\GAL4ey.PH
enhancer of variegation, with P{SUPor-P}KV20, Scer\GAL4y.PG
enhancer of variegation | dominant, with In(1)wm4h
enhancer of variegation | dominant, with P{SUPor-P}KV0123
increased cell death, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PS
increased cell death | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PS
suppressor of variegation, with In(1)wm4h
suppressor of variegation, with P{SUPor-P}KV20
visible, with Scer\GAL4ey.PH
visible, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PS
visible | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4ey.PH
visible | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4nub.PK
visible | male limited, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
visible | recessive
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
egg chamber
eye
eye, with Scer\GAL4ey.PH
eye, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
eye disc, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PS
interommatidial bristle, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PS
nurse cell | increased number
ommatidium, with Scer\GAL4ey.PH
ommatidium, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PS
photoreceptor cell R8 of pale ommatidium
photoreceptor cell R8 of pale ommatidium, with Scer\GAL4GMR.long
photoreceptor cell R8 of pale ommatidium, with Scer\GAL4GMR.long, Scer\GAL4ey.PH
photoreceptor cell R8 of pale ommatidium (with Df(2R)BSC429)
photoreceptor cell R8 of pale ommatidium | somatic clone
photoreceptor cell R8 of yellow ommatidium
photoreceptor cell R8 of yellow ommatidium, with Scer\GAL4GMR.long
photoreceptor cell R8 of yellow ommatidium, with Scer\GAL4GMR.long, Scer\GAL4ey.PH
photoreceptor cell R8 of yellow ommatidium (with Df(2R)BSC429)
photoreceptor cell R8 of yellow ommatidium | somatic clone
polytene chromosome | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL434B
polytene chromosome | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4AB1
rhabdomere, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PS
wing | male limited, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
wing vein, with Scer\GAL4nub.PK
X chromosome | male
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (0)
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (0)
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (0)
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (0)
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (0)
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (0)
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (0)
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:BEAF-32. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (1)
CG45071
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    Interaction Browsers
    View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
    Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
    protein-protein
    Physical Interaction
    Assay
    References
    BEAF-32
    two hybrid array, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, autoradiography, protein cross-linking with a bifunctional reagent, anti tag western blot, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, fluorescence microscopy, two hybrid, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation
    (Dong et al., 2020, Shokri et al., 2019, De et al., 2018, Avva and Hart, 2016, Gilbert et al., 2006, Hart et al., 1997)
    BEAF-32 - Ank2
    two hybrid
    (Hu et al., 2017.6.13)
    BEAF-32 - CG11398
    two hybrid array
    (Shokri et al., 2019)
    BEAF-32 - CG7099
    anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
    (Van Bortle et al., 2014)
    BEAF-32 - Chro
    two hybrid, pull down, Identification by mass spectrometry, coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, autoradiography, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
    (Kaushal et al., 2022, Melnikova et al., 2021, Vogelmann et al., 2014)
    BEAF-32 - Cp190
    anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, autoradiography, pull down, Identification by mass spectrometry, two hybrid, peptide massfingerprinting, affinity chromatography technology
    (Kaushal et al., 2022, Lhoumaud et al., 2014, Liang et al., 2014, Vogelmann et al., 2014)
    BEAF-32 - Dpy-30L2
    two hybrid
    (Hu et al., 2017.6.13)
    BEAF-32 - Dref
    anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
    (Lhoumaud et al., 2014)
    BEAF-32 - E5
    two hybrid array
    (Shokri et al., 2019)
    BEAF-32 - Gsc
    two hybrid
    (Hu et al., 2017.6.13)
    BEAF-32 - Irbp18
    two hybrid array
    (Shokri et al., 2019)
    BEAF-32 - NSD
    affinity chromatography technology, Identification by mass spectrometry, two hybrid, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
    (Lhoumaud et al., 2014)
    BEAF-32 - Rel
    two hybrid array
    (Shokri et al., 2019)
    BEAF-32 - Sry-δ
    two hybrid array, two hybrid, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, fluorescence microscopy, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based, array technology, pull down, western blot
    (Dong et al., 2020, Shokri et al., 2019, Hu et al., 2017.6.13, Rhee et al., 2014)
    BEAF-32 - TrxT
    two hybrid
    (Hu et al., 2017.6.13)
    BEAF-32 - Ubx
    bimolecular fluorescence complementation, fluorescence microscopy
    (Bischof et al., 2018)
    BEAF-32 - abd-A
    bimolecular fluorescence complementation, fluorescence microscopy
    (Bischof et al., 2018)
    BEAF-32 - bap
    two hybrid array
    (Shokri et al., 2019)
    BEAF-32 - fs(1)h
    anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
    (Kellner et al., 2013)
    BEAF-32 - lwr
    two hybrid
    (Hu et al., 2017.6.13)
    BEAF-32 - polybromo
    pull down, western blot, two hybrid, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry
    (McKowen et al., 2022)
    BEAF-32 - pzg
    anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, coimmunoprecipitation, two hybrid, two hybrid array
    (Melnikova et al., 2021, Shokri et al., 2019, Gan et al., 2011)
    BEAF-32 - row
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, Identification by mass spectrometry
    (Herman et al., 2022)
    BEAF-32 - su(Hw)
    pull down, Identification by mass spectrometry
    (Kaushal et al., 2022)
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    Interaction Browsers
    View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
    Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    BEAF-32
    enhanceable
    Dll
    (Yamaguchi et al., 2001)
    BEAF-32
    suppressible
    dwg
    (Blanton et al., 2003)
    BEAF-32
    enhanceable
    dwg
    (Blanton et al., 2003)
    BEAF-32
    enhanceable
    ftz
    (Roy et al., 2011)
    BEAF-32
    enhanceable
    kto
    (Yamaguchi et al., 2001)
    BEAF-32
    suppressible
    sav|wts
    (Jukam et al., 2016)
    BEAF-32
    suppressible
    sd
    (Jukam et al., 2016)
    BEAF-32
    suppressible
    ss
    (Jukam et al., 2016)
    BEAF-32
    enhanceable
    su(Hw)
    (Yamaguchi et al., 2001)
    BEAF-32
    suppressible
    Tofu
    (McKowen and Hart, 2022)
    BEAF-32
    suppressible
    yki
    (Jukam et al., 2016)
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    Dref
    suppressible
    BEAF-32
    (Yoshida et al., 2001)
    sav|wts
    suppressible
    BEAF-32
    (Jukam et al., 2016)
    sev
    suppressible
    BEAF-32
    (Jukam et al., 2016)
    ss
    suppressible
    BEAF-32
    (Jukam et al., 2016)
    yki
    suppressible
    BEAF-32
    (Jukam et al., 2016)
    External Data
    Linkouts
    BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Metabolic Pathways
    FlyBase
    External Links
    External Data
    Linkouts
    SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.
    Class of Gene
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    2R
    Recombination map
    2-72
    Cytogenetic map
    51C2-51C2
    Sequence location
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    51C2-51C2
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}Rpn6k00103 and P{PZ}chn02064
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    51D1-51D1
    (Hart, 1996.11.15, Hart, 1995.3.30)
    51D1-51D1
    (determined by in situ hybridisation)
    (Zhao et al., 1995)
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Location

    2-72

    (FlyBase, 2016)

    2-76.4

    (Comeron et al., 2012)

    2-

    (Hart, 1995.3.30, Zhao et al., 1995)
    Left of (cM)
    Right of (cM)
    Notes
    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (19)
    Genomic Clones (21)
    cDNA Clones (51)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

      For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

      cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
      RNAi and Array Information
      Linkouts
      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
      Antibody Information
      Laboratory Generated Antibodies
       

      polyclonal

      (Zielke et al., 2016, Liang et al., 2014, Bushey et al., 2009, Hart et al., 1997, Zhao et al., 1995)
      Commercially Available Antibodies
       
      Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank - Monoclonal antibodies for use in research
      Cell Line Information
      Publicly Available Cell Lines
       
        Other Stable Cell Lines
         
        Other Comments

        DNA-protein interactions: genome-wide binding profile assayed for BEAF-32 protein in Kc167 cells; see Chromatin_types_NKI collection report. Individual protein-binding experiments listed under "Samples" at GEO_GSE22069 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE22069).

        (Filion et al., 2010)

        DNA-protein interactions: genome-wide binding profile assayed for BEAF-32 protein in 0-12 hr embryos; see Insulator_Class_I.mE01 collection report. Individual protein-binding experiments listed under "Samples" at GEO: 16245 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE16245).

        (Nègre et al., 2010)

        BEAF-32 is required for the insulator activity of scs', but not for the scs or gypsy\su(Hw)BR insulators. BEAF-32 function also affects chromatin structure or dynamics.

        (Roy et al., 2007)

        Dref and BEAF-32 may compete for binding to overlapping sites in vivo.

        (Hart et al., 1999)

        The properties of two BEAF-32 protein isoforms, which differ in their amino termini, have been analysed.

        (Hart et al., 1997)

        A novel protein that binds to scs' but not scs in vivo. Ecol\CAT assays in culture cells identify BEAF-32 together with the palindromic binding site within scs' as components of the scs' boundary function.

        (Zhao et al., 1995)
        Relationship to Other Genes
        Source for database merge of
        Additional comments
        Nomenclature History
        Source for database identify of
        Nomenclature comments
        Etymology
        Synonyms and Secondary IDs (21)
        Reported As
        Symbol Synonym
        BEAF
        (Melnikova and Golovnin, 2023, McKowen and Hart, 2022, Arzate-Mejía et al., 2020, Jin et al., 2020, Mahmud et al., 2020, Srinivasan and Mishra, 2020, Viets et al., 2019, Khoroshko et al., 2018, Avva and Hart, 2016, Kwon et al., 2016, Maksimenko et al., 2015, Saberi et al., 2015, Wolle et al., 2015, Comoglio and Paro, 2014, Cuartero et al., 2014, Pathak et al., 2014, Darbo et al., 2013, Kyrchanova et al., 2013, Follmer et al., 2012, Hou et al., 2012, Matzat et al., 2012, Gan et al., 2011, Roy et al., 2011, Sultana et al., 2011, Vogelmann et al., 2011, Wood et al., 2011, Guertin and Lis, 2010, Kalverda and Fornerod, 2010, modENCODE Consortium et al., 2010, Roy and Hart, 2010, Bushey et al., 2009, Jiang et al., 2009, Jiang et al., 2008, Pauli et al., 2008, Roy and Hart, 2008, Andreyeva et al., 2007, Berkaeva et al., 2007, Hart et al., 2007, Roy et al., 2007, Roy et al., 2007, Gilbert et al., 2006, Eggert et al., 2005, Hart et al., 2005, Sage et al., 2005, Hart et al., 2004, Blanton et al., 2003, Hart and Starks, 2003, Ishii and Laemmli, 2003, Arnosti, 2002, Cuvier et al., 2002, West et al., 2002, Hart et al., 2000, Hart et al., 1999, Hart et al., 1999, Cuvier et al., 1998, Geyer, 1997)
        BEAF 32
        (Ma et al., 2022, Pathak et al., 2022, De et al., 2018)
        BEAF-32
        (Jayakrishnan et al., 2025, Li et al., 2024, Pollex et al., 2024, Zhimulev et al., 2024, Erokhin et al., 2023, Messina et al., 2023, Nieken et al., 2023, Yheskel et al., 2023, Herman et al., 2022, Kaushal et al., 2022, Miozzo et al., 2022, Cattenoz et al., 2021, Peterson et al., 2021, Wolfe et al., 2021, Zhang et al., 2021, Dong et al., 2020, Funikov et al., 2020, Fursova et al., 2020, Melnikova et al., 2020, Meyer-Nava et al., 2020, Omura and Lott, 2020, Rozenwald et al., 2020, Rust et al., 2020, Santana et al., 2020, Sigalova et al., 2020, Cardozo Gizzi et al., 2019, Chen and Lei, 2019, Kostyuchenko et al., 2019, Luzhin et al., 2019, Matthews and White, 2019, Pal et al., 2019, Parey and Crombach, 2019, Shokri et al., 2019, Vorobyeva and Mazina, 2019, Zykova et al., 2019, Bischof et al., 2018, Mourad and Cuvier, 2018, Pokholkova et al., 2018, Wang et al., 2018, El-Sharnouby et al., 2017, Gerland et al., 2017, Heseding et al., 2017, Hu et al., 2017.6.13, Mourad et al., 2017, Duarte et al., 2016, Jukam et al., 2016, Kwon et al., 2016, Sarov et al., 2016, Tsai et al., 2016, Ulianov et al., 2016, Zielke et al., 2016, Chen et al., 2015, Dai et al., 2015, Dietz et al., 2015, Li et al., 2015, Maksimenko et al., 2015, Nikalayevich and Ohkura, 2015, Schertel et al., 2015, Wei et al., 2015, Ho et al., 2014, Luck et al., 2014, Matzat and Lei, 2014, Van Bortle et al., 2014, Zhimulev et al., 2014, Gurudatta et al., 2013, Kellner et al., 2013, Li and Zhou, 2013, Merzetti et al., 2013, Rubin and Green, 2013, Antao et al., 2012, Figueiredo et al., 2012, Gurudatta et al., 2012, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Philip et al., 2012, Sakoparnig et al., 2012, Schwartz et al., 2012, Van Bortle et al., 2012, Yang et al., 2012, Demakov et al., 2011, Friedman et al., 2011, Pruteanu-Malinici et al., 2011, Richter et al., 2011, Vatolina et al., 2011, Vatolina et al., 2011, modENCODE Consortium et al., 2010, Nègre et al., 2010, Schoborg and Labrador, 2010, van Bemmel et al., 2010, van Steensel et al., 2010, Wallace et al., 2010, Berkaeva et al., 2009, Doheny et al., 2008, Petesch and Lis, 2008, Somma et al., 2008, Dubois et al., 2007, Pathak et al., 2007, Reiter et al., 2007, Gilbert et al., 2006, Ramos et al., 2006)
        BEAF-32A
        (Gilbert and Hart, 2008, Gerasimova and Corces, 2001, Aravind, 2000, Udvardy, 1999)
        BEAF-32B
        (Gilbert and Hart, 2008, Gerasimova and Corces, 2001, Udvardy, 1999, Hart, 1996.11.15)
        BEAF32
        (Zhang et al., 2024, Sokolova et al., 2023, Meers et al., 2018, Rennie et al., 2018, Khoroshko et al., 2016, Fuda et al., 2015, Magbanua et al., 2015, Vogelmann et al., 2014, Schuettengruber and Cavalli, 2013, Feller et al., 2012, Rach et al., 2011, modENCODE Consortium et al., 2010, Oliver et al., 2010, Moon et al., 2005, Chambeyron and Bickmore, 2004)
        BEAF32A
        (Geyer and Clark, 2002, Yamaguchi et al., 2001)
        BEAF32B
        (Geyer and Clark, 2002)
        BEAF32b
        (Filion et al., 2010)
        Beaf-32
        (Jayakrishnan et al., 2024, Henderson et al., 2019, Korenjak et al., 2014, Orlando, 2000)
        Beaf32
        (Heurteau et al., 2020, Bischof et al., 2018, Lhoumaud et al., 2014)
        CG10159
        (National Institute of Genetics Fly Stocks, 2023-, National Institute of Genetics Fly Stocks, 2022-, Meadows, 2017.1.11, Çiçek et al., 2016, Rosa-Ferreira et al., 2015, Ni et al., 2011.7.19, Perkins et al., 2009, Jin et al., 2001)
        beaf
        (Emberly et al., 2008)
        beaf-32
        (Afik et al., 2017)
        bs04c01.y1
        (Andrews et al., 2000)
        Name Synonyms
        Boundary Element Associated Factor of 32
        (Van Bortle et al., 2012)
        Boundary element-associated factor
        (Bushey et al., 2009)
        Boundary element-associated factor of 32kD
        (Kwong et al., 2015, Comoglio and Paro, 2014, Zhao et al., 1995)
        boundary element associated factor
        (Andrews et al., 2000)
        boundary element associated factor 32
        (Petesch and Lis, 2008)
        boundary element-associated factor
        (Wood et al., 2011, Emberly et al., 2008, Roy et al., 2007)
        Secondary FlyBase IDs
        • FBgn0013752
        Datasets (6)
        Study focus (6)
        Experimental Role
        Project
        Project Type
        Title
        • transgene_used
        FBGSE20313
        The insulator protein SU(HW) modulates nuclear lamina interactions of the Drosophila genome.
        • transgene_used
        FBGSE22069
        Protein profiling reveals five principal chromatin types in Drosophila cells.
        • RNAi_target
        modENCODE_chromatin_proteins_cells
        Genome-wide localization of chromosomal proteins in cell lines by ChIP-chip and ChIP-Seq.
        • bait_protein
        modENCODE_chromatin_proteins_flies
        Genome-wide localization of chromosomal proteins in fly tissues by ChIP-chip and ChIP-Seq.
        • RNAi_target
        modENCODE_chromatin_histones_cells
        Genome-wide localization of histones and their modifications in cell lines by ChIP-chip and ChIP-Seq.
        • bait_protein
        modENCODE_regulation_insulators
        Genome-wide localization of insulator proteins by ChIP-chip and ChIP-Seq.
        Study result (0)
        Result
        Result Type
        Title
        External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 52 )
        Sequence Crossreferences
        NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
        GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
        GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
        RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
        UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
        UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
        Other crossreferences
        AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
        BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
        DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
        EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
        FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
        FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
        InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
        KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
        MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
        Linkouts
        BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank - Monoclonal antibodies for use in research
        Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
        FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
        FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
        Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
        Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
        Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
        MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.
        References (270)