Gene: Dmel\Dref
DRE-binding factor, dDREF, DNA replication-related element-binding factor, DNA replication-related element binding factor
Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Dref for information on other features
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5' terminus determined by primer extension (FBrf0086456)
Gene model reviewed during 5.43
Gene model reviewed during 5.52
2.9 (northern blot)
709 (aa)
701 (aa); 80 (kD predicted)
Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Dref using the Feature Mapper tool.
Comment: maternally deposited
Dref expression is high in the dividing and growing cells of the third instar larval eye disc, which are located anterior to the morphogenetic furrow.
Dref transcripts are detected at the highest levels in 4-8hr embryos, in moderately high levels in unfertilized eggs, 2-4hr embryos, and adult females and at low levels in larvae, pupae, and adult males on northern blots.
Comment: cells entering G1 phase
Comment: cells in S-phase zone of second mitotic wave
Ovarian expression of Dref is strong in nurse cells and follicle cells at 5 days post eclosion, but by 60 days post eclosion very little remains.
Dref is detected in the nuclei in most cells of the adult midgut including intestinal stem cells and enteroblasts.
Up until nuclear cycle 7, weak staining is observed in the nuclei and surrounding cytoplasm of embryos. After cycle 8, strong and uniform nuclear staining is observed.
GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals
View Dmel\Dref in GBrowse 2Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.
monoclonal
monoclonal, polyclonal
RNAi screen using dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene results in chromosome misalignment on the metaphase spindle when assayed in S2 cells. This phenotype can be observed when the screen is performed with or without Cdc27 dsRNA.
Dref is required for normal DNA replication in both the mitotic cell cycle and endo cycle.
Analysis of DNApol-α73-Ecol\CAT deletion constructs shows that full promoter activity is located within the region from -285 to +129bp of DNApol-α73. Three DREs (DNA-replication related elements) are located within this region, and DNA footprinting analysis shows that Dref can bind to all three sites. Mutation of any one of the DRE sites causes extensive reductions in promoter activity and Dref binding to the promoter fragment.
Expression pattern and subcellular distribution of the protein during development is studied using antibodies.
DNApol-α180 and mus209 are negatively regulated by zen protein. This repression is mediated by the DRE (DNA replication-related element) sites in the DNApol-α180 and mus209 promoters. The amount of Dref is reduced in transfected Kc cells expressing zen, suggesting that zen represses expression of DNA replication-related genes by reducing the amount of Dref.
Specific binding factor that binds to the 8bp palindrome required for high expression of DNApol-α and mus209. The 86kD gene product has been purified.
