FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\apt
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\apt
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
apontic
Annotation Symbol
CG5393
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0015903
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
72 publicly available
Gene Summary
apontic (apt) encodes a DNA-binding protein that acts as a transcriptional regulator and can function in translational repression. It plays roles in cell migration, cell fate specification, and morphogenesis via STAT signaling pathway inhibition. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

tdf, tracheae defective, l(2)59Ea, l(2)09049, l(2)06369

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
59F1-59F4
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-104
RefSeq locus
NT_033778 REGION:23564891..23599526
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (20 terms)
Molecular Function (6 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (6 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific
inferred from direct assay
(Wang et al., 2017)
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity
inferred from direct assay
(Liu et al., 2003)
enables mRNA 3'-UTR binding
inferred from direct assay
(Lie and Macdonald, 1999)
enables protein binding
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:mbf1; FB:FBgn0262732
(Liu et al., 2003)
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:bru1; FB:FBgn0000114
(Lie and Macdonald, 1999)
enables RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
inferred from direct assay
(Wang et al., 2017, Stöbe et al., 2009)
enables sequence-specific DNA binding
inferred from direct assay
(Liu et al., 2003)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Biological Process (12 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (11 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in behavioral response to ethanol
inferred from mutant phenotype
(McClure and Heberlein, 2013)
involved_in border follicle cell migration
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Starz-Gaiano et al., 2008)
involved_in central nervous system development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Liu et al., 2003)
involved_in epithelial cell migration, open tracheal system
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Eulenberg and Schuh, 1997)
involved_in negative regulation of oskar mRNA translation
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:bru1; FB:FBgn0000114
(Lie and Macdonald, 1999)
involved_in negative regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Stat92E; FB:FBgn0016917
(Starz-Gaiano et al., 2008)
involved_in neuromuscular synaptic transmission
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Takasu-Ishikawa et al., 2001)
involved_in open tracheal system development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Liu et al., 2003)
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
inferred from direct assay
(Wang et al., 2017, Liu et al., 2003)
involved_in posterior head segmentation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Stöbe et al., 2009)
involved_in regulation of gene expression
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Stöbe et al., 2009)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in heart development
traceable author statement
(Cripps and Olson, 2002)
involved_in negative regulation of oskar mRNA translation
non-traceable author statement
(Leatherman and Jongens, 2003)
Cellular Component (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Lie and Macdonald, 1999)
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Takasu-Ishikawa et al., 2001, Lie and Macdonald, 1999, Eulenberg and Schuh, 1997)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Pathway (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
apontic (apt) encodes a DNA-binding protein that acts as a transcriptional regulator and can function in translational repression. It plays roles in cell migration, cell fate specification, and morphogenesis via STAT signaling pathway inhibition. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
SANT-MYB DOMAIN TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS -
The SANT-MYB domain transcription factors are sequence specific DNA-binding proteins that regulate transcription. The Myb domain is a DNA binding helix-turn-helix domain that contains three tandem repeats of 50 amino acids, termed R1, R2 and R3. The α-helical repeats R2 and R3 are involved in the DNA interaction. (Adapted from PMID:10378697).
Pathway (FlyBase)
NEGATIVE REGULATORS OF JAK-STAT SIGNALING PATHWAY -
Negative regulators of JAK-STAT signaling down-regulate the pathway, attenuating transcriptional control by Stat92E.
Summary (Interactive Fly)

novel bZIP transcription factor and RNA-binding protein - multi-functional protein involved in translational regulation and organ development - plays roles in cell migration, cell fate specification, and morphogenesis via STAT signaling pathway inhibition

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
6
Number of Unique Polypeptides
4

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\apt for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry A0A0B4KGD0)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Tissue-specific extension of 3' UTRs observed during later stages (FBrf0218523, FBrf0219848); all variants may not be annotated

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.46

Gene model reviewed during 5.55

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
apt-RA
FBtr0072070
NM_057832
2827
483
apt-RB
FBtr0072066
NM_057831
2608
489
apt-RC
FBtr0072069
NM_166609
2783
483
apt-RD
FBtr0072067
NM_166610
2762
483
apt-RE
FBtr0072068
NM_166611
2775
469
apt-RF
FBtr0332926
NM_001274224
2655
499
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

2.9 (northern blot)

(Eulenberg and Schuh, 1997)

2.8 (northern blot)

(Gellon et al., 1997)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
apt-PA
FBpp0071979
54.5
483
6.52
O61602
NP_477180
AAM68256
apt-PB
FBpp0071975
55.1
489
6.52
Q9W1M6
NP_477179
AAF47031
apt-PC
FBpp0071978
54.5
483
6.52
O61602
NP_726342
AAM68255
apt-PD
FBpp0071976
54.5
483
6.52
O61602
NP_726343
AAM68257
apt-PE
FBpp0071977
52.9
469
6.62
Q8MLR4
NP_726344
AAM68258
apt-PF
FBpp0305146
56.3
499
6.52
A0A0B4KGD0
NP_001261153
AGB93683
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

483 aa isoforms: apt-PA, apt-PC, apt-PD
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

490 (aa)

(Lie and Macdonald, 1999)

484 (aa)

(Eulenberg and Schuh, 1997, Gellon et al., 1997)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records
 
UniProt
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\apt using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

0.21

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 1 -- 3
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 4 -- 6
anterior endoderm anlage

Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain anlage in statu nascendi
(Fisher et al., 2012)
foregut anlage in statu nascendi
(Fisher et al., 2012)
hindgut anlage in statu nascendi
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | pair rule expression pattern
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | faint | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
posterior ectoderm anlage

Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral ectoderm anlage

Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
antennal anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 7 -- 8
antennal anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
anterior endoderm anlage
(Fisher et al., 2012)
foregut anlage
(Fisher et al., 2012)
hindgut anlage
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | segmentally repeated
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | faint | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
posterior endoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral ectoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral nerve cord primordium

Comment: reported as ventral nerve cord anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 8 -- 9
mesoderm
(Su et al., 1999)
inclusive hindgut primordium
(Su et al., 1999)
embryonic stage 9 -- 10
embryonic ocular segment | dorsal
(Gellon et al., 1997)
antennal primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
lateral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
anterior endoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal ectoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
foregut primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
inclusive hindgut primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | faint | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
posterior endoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral ectoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral nerve cord primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 9 -- 12
midline primordium
(Kearney et al., 2004)
embryonic stage 11
tracheal pit
(Su et al., 1999)
ventral midline of embryo
(Su et al., 1999)
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
amnioserosa
(Fisher et al., 2012)
larval foregut atrium | precursor

Comment: reported as atrium primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
cardiogenic mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
clypeo-labral primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal epidermis primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as head epidermis primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
lateral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as head epidermis primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as head epidermis primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
gnathal primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | faint | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
pericardial cell primordium

Comment: reported as pericardial cell specific anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
tracheal primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral epidermis primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral nerve cord primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 11 -- 16
embryonic head
(Su et al., 1999)
embryonic stage 11 -- 17
tracheal primordium
(Eulenberg and Schuh, 1997)
embryonic stage 12
embryonic cardioblast
(Su et al., 1999)
embryonic pericardial cell
(Su et al., 1999)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
heart primordium
(Su et al., 1999)
larval ventral nerve cord
(Fisher et al., 2012, Su et al., 1999)
embryonic precursor of adult hindgut
(Fisher et al., 2012)
larval foregut atrium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic brain
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic epipharynx
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic foregut
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic head epidermis
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic hypopharynx
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic leading edge cell
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic Malpighian tubule tip cell
(Fisher et al., 2012)
larval circulatory system
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval dorsal vessel
(Fisher et al., 2012)
larval nervous system
(Fisher et al., 2012)
larval pericardial cell
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | faint | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
midline glial cell
(Kearney et al., 2004)
adult stage & oogenesis
nurse cell
(Lie and Macdonald, 1999)
follicle cell
(Lie and Macdonald, 1999)
(Lie and Macdonald, 1999)
oocyte
(Lie and Macdonald, 1999)
oogenesis
germarium
(Lie and Macdonald, 1999)
oogenesis stage S1 -- S6
follicle cell
(Lie and Macdonald, 1999)
oogenesis stage S6
oocyte
(Lie and Macdonald, 1999)
nurse cell
(Lie and Macdonald, 1999)
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
ventral nerve cord
(Gellon et al., 1997)
(Gellon et al., 1997)
embryonic stage 1 -- 17

Comment: reference states 0-18 hr AEL

(Eulenberg and Schuh, 1997)
embryonic stage 4
(Eulenberg and Schuh, 1997)
organism | ubiquitous
(Gellon et al., 1997)
embryonic stage 5
(Eulenberg and Schuh, 1997, Gellon et al., 1997)
embryonic stage 9 -- 10
embryonic maxillary segment | restricted
(Gellon et al., 1997)
labial segment | restricted
(Gellon et al., 1997)
embryonic gnathal segment | ventral
(Gellon et al., 1997)
embryonic mandibular segment | restricted
(Gellon et al., 1997)
labral segment
(Gellon et al., 1997)
embryonic stage 9 -- 11
tracheal pit | segmentally repeated
(Gellon et al., 1997)
embryonic stage 9 -- 17
organism | segmentally repeated
(Gellon et al., 1997)
amnioserosa | segmentally repeated | vicinity of
(Gellon et al., 1997)
ventral midline of embryo | segmentally repeated
(Gellon et al., 1997)
embryonic stage 11
dorsal ridge
(Gellon et al., 1997)
embryonic stage 11 -- 17
embryonic head
(Eulenberg and Schuh, 1997)
larval tracheal system
(Eulenberg and Schuh, 1997)
dorsal vessel wall cell
(Eulenberg and Schuh, 1997)
presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system
(Eulenberg and Schuh, 1997)
embryonic stage 12
dorsal vessel primordium
(Gellon et al., 1997)
embryonic stage 14 -- 17
embryonic/larval dorsal vessel
(Eulenberg and Schuh, 1997)
larval tracheal system
(Eulenberg and Schuh, 1997)
unfertilized egg stage
unfertilized egg
(Eulenberg and Schuh, 1997)
Additional Descriptive Data

During oogenesis, apt transcript is detected both in somatic follicle cells, and the nurse cells and oocyte. Expression is detected early, at low levels in the germarium region 2a and at higher levels in the follicle cells. Somatic expression decreases while germline expression increases. At stage S6, expression is found in both the oocyte and in nurse cells, and continues to be detected throughout oogenesis.

(Lie and Macdonald, 1999)

A single 2.9 kb apt transcript is detected in Northern blots of 0-18 hr embryos. Maternal transcripts are uniformly distributed in the unfertilized egg and in the syncytial blastoderm. In the cellular blastoderm, transcript is distributed in 3 distinct regions. At stage 11, expression is detected in developing tracheal placodes, the head region, and dorsal vessel cells. Transcripts are maintained in tracheal cells after they migrate inwards, and during tracheal branch outgrowth. During stages 14-17, expression is mainly detected in the CNS, the developing head, the tracheal system, and dorsal vessel cells.

(Eulenberg and Schuh, 1997)

apt transcripts are ubiquitous in syncytial blastoderm stage embryos, but become restricted to the poles in cellular blastoderm stage embryos. The posterior expression disappears during germ band extension, and a segmentally repeated expression pattern appears in the trunk. This expression is found along the ventral midline, in dorsal cells abutting the amnioserosa, and in the tracheal placodes. In the head regions of stage 9-10 embryos, expression is detected in the dorsal part of the acron, the clypeo-labrum, the ventral gnathal region, and in the anterio-lateral regions of the mandibular, maxillary, and labial lobes. During stage 11, expression increases in the dorsal ridge, but disappears from the tracheal pits. At stage 12, the presumptive dorsal vessel cells in a single row on either side of the amnioserosa accumulate apt transcript; expression is also found in the ventral CNS. Expression in late embryogenesis is found in the head epidermis and CNS.

(Gellon et al., 1997)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
blastoderm stage
organism | ubiquitous
(Lie and Macdonald, 1999)
embryonic stage 4 -- 17
organism
(Eulenberg and Schuh, 1997)
embryonic stage 5
organism
(Lie and Macdonald, 1999)
embryonic stage 11
tracheal primordium
(Eulenberg and Schuh, 1997)
embryonic stage 11 -- 17
embryonic head
(Eulenberg and Schuh, 1997)
embryonic stage 14 -- 17
presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system
(Eulenberg and Schuh, 1997)
embryonic/larval dorsal vessel
(Eulenberg and Schuh, 1997)
larval tracheal system
(Eulenberg and Schuh, 1997)
third instar larval stage
embryonic/larval CNS perineurial glial cell | intense
(Zülbahar et al., 2018)
embryonic/larval CNS subperineurial glial cell | faint
(Zülbahar et al., 2018)
(Zülbahar et al., 2018)
third instar larval stage -- pharate adult stage P13
neuroblast MBp

Comment: to 80h APF

(Kucherenko et al., 2012)
ganglion mother cell of mushroom body

Comment: to 80h APF

(Kucherenko et al., 2012)
neuron | subset of mushroom body

Comment: immature neurons. To 80h APF

(Kucherenko et al., 2012)
wandering third instar larval stage
eye disc posterior to the morphogenetic furrow
(Liu et al., 2014)
peripodial epithelium of eye disc
(Liu et al., 2014)
glial cell of eye disc
(Liu et al., 2014)
adult stage
interneuron | subset of adult antennal lobe
(McClure and Heberlein, 2013)
adult gnathal ganglion | restricted
(McClure and Heberlein, 2013)
adult pars intercerebralis | restricted
(McClure and Heberlein, 2013)
adult protocerebrum | lateral | restricted
(McClure and Heberlein, 2013)
adult pars lateralis | restricted
(McClure and Heberlein, 2013)
adult stage | male
testis | restricted
(Monahan and Starz-Gaiano, 2016)
hub cell
(Monahan and Starz-Gaiano, 2016)
cyst progenitor cell
(Monahan and Starz-Gaiano, 2016)
cyst cell of testis
(Monahan and Starz-Gaiano, 2016)
male germline stem cell
(Monahan and Starz-Gaiano, 2016)
primary gonial cell
(Monahan and Starz-Gaiano, 2016)
adult stage & oogenesis
(Lie and Macdonald, 1999)
oocyte
(Lie and Macdonald, 1999)
nurse cell
(Lie and Macdonald, 1999)
follicle cell
(Lie and Macdonald, 1999)
adult stage | femaleoogenesis stage S8 -- S10
border follicle cell
(Starz-Gaiano et al., 2008)
oogenesis
follicle cell
• nucleus
(Lie and Macdonald, 1999)
border follicle cell
• nucleus
(Lie and Macdonald, 1999)
oocyte
(Lie and Macdonald, 1999)
oogenesis stage S8
border follicle cell
(Monahan and Starz-Gaiano, 2013)
Additional Descriptive Data

apt protein is detected in the somatic lineage (hub, cyst stem cells, and mature cyst cells) and in germline stem cells, and at lower levels in gonialblasts in testis.

(Monahan and Starz-Gaiano, 2016)

apt protein is detected in both the cytoplasm and nucleus of germline cells. In the nurse cell, apt protein localizes more strongly to the cytoplasm, while it is more concentrated in the nucleus of the oocyte. In follicle cells, however, localization is nuclear. In early embryos, even after the nuclei have migrated to the surface of the embryo, apt protein is evenly distributed between nucleus and cytoplasm.

(Monahan and Starz-Gaiano, 2013, Lie and Macdonald, 1999)

apt protein is detected in somatic and germline cells of the ovary throughout oogenesis.

(Lie and Macdonald, 1999)

apt protein is evenly distributed in they cytoplasm of syncytial blastoderm stage embryos. Subsequently, expression is detected in the nucleus, and remains nuclear throughout the rest of embryogenesis. Expression is detected in all nuclei in the cellular blastoderm, and maintained until gastrulation. During stage 11, expression is detected in tracheal placodes and the head anlagen, while other expression disappears. At later stages, protein expression matches that of transcript expression.

(Eulenberg and Schuh, 1997)
Marker for
 
perineurial glial cell
(Sasse and Klämbt, 2016)
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Lie and Macdonald, 1999)
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Takasu-Ishikawa et al., 2001, Lie and Macdonald, 1999, Eulenberg and Schuh, 1997)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
Reporter: P{GawB}apt13-66
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
interneuron | subset of adult antennal lobe
(McClure and Heberlein, 2013)
adult gnathal ganglion | restricted
(McClure and Heberlein, 2013)
adult pars intercerebralis | restricted
(McClure and Heberlein, 2013)
adult protocerebrum | lateral | restricted
(McClure and Heberlein, 2013)
adult pars lateralis | restricted
(McClure and Heberlein, 2013)
Reporter: P{lacW}B2-2-15
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 12
embryonic cardioblast
(Su et al., 1999)
embryonic pericardial cell
(Su et al., 1999)
embryonic stage 12 -- 16
embryonic head
(Su et al., 1999)
larval ventral nerve cord
(Su et al., 1999)
embryonic stage 15 -- 16
heart primordium
(Su et al., 1999)
Reporter: P{PTT-GC}aptCC01186
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult brain cell body glial cell
(DeSalvo et al., 2014)
adult brain subperineurial glial cell
(DeSalvo et al., 2014)
adult brain perineurial glial cell
(DeSalvo et al., 2014)
adult stage | male
testis | restricted
(Monahan and Starz-Gaiano, 2016)
hub cell
(Monahan and Starz-Gaiano, 2016)
cyst progenitor cell
(Monahan and Starz-Gaiano, 2016)
testis pigment cell
(Monahan and Starz-Gaiano, 2016)
male germline stem cell
(Monahan and Starz-Gaiano, 2016)
primary gonial cell
(Monahan and Starz-Gaiano, 2016)
cyst cell of testis
(Monahan and Starz-Gaiano, 2016)
Reporter: P{PZ}apt06369
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 12
embryonic cardioblast
(Su et al., 1999)
embryonic pericardial cell
(Su et al., 1999)
embryonic stage 12 -- 16
embryonic head
(Su et al., 1999)
larval ventral nerve cord
(Su et al., 1999)
embryonic stage 15 -- 16
heart primordium
(Su et al., 1999)
Reporter: P{PZ}apt09049
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
wandering third instar larval stage
embryonic/larval tracheal section
(Meister and Braun, 1995.10)
imaginal disc
(Meister and Braun, 1995.10)
larval brain
(Meister and Braun, 1995.10)
ring gland
(Meister and Braun, 1995.10)
Reporter: P{ST.lexA::HG}aptDL-1
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
wandering third instar larval stage
antennal disc
(Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center, 2019)
larval central nervous system
(Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center, 2019)
larval ventral nerve cord
(Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center, 2019)
ring gland
(Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center, 2019)
prothoracic gland
(Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center, 2019)
embryonic/larval salivary gland
(Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center, 2019)
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\apt in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 1-3
  • Stages(s) 4-6
  • Stages(s) 7-8
  • Stages(s) 9-10
  • Stages(s) 11-12
  • Stages(s) 13-16
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 66 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 11 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of apt
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of apt
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 11 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal
lethal (with apt13-66)
lethal (with apt167)
lethal (with aptGS11714)
lethal (with Df(2R)BSC659)
lethal | embryonic stage | rescuable maternal effect
lethal | larval stage | recessive
lethal | recessive
lethal - all die during embryonic stage | recessive
lethal - all die during P-stage, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
partially lethal - majority die
partially lethal - majority die, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
partially lethal - majority die | recessive
viable
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
Sterility
Allele
fertile
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal cell migration | adult stage
abnormal cell migration | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4slbo.2.6
abnormal cell migration | adult stage (with apt41)
abnormal cell migration | adult stage (with apt167)
abnormal cell migration | adult stage (with aptKG05830)
abnormal cell migration | adult stage | somatic clone
abnormal neuroanatomy, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
abnormal neurophysiology | embryonic stage
abnormal neurophysiology | larval stage
abnormal neurophysiology | recessive
abnormal size | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
abnormal size | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544
chemical resistant
chemical resistant, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4Crz.PU
chemical resistant, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav-C155
chemical resistant | dominant
increased cell death | larval stage | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
some die during embryonic stage | recessive
some die during pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
visible, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
visible, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
visible, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4
visible, with Scer\GAL4sd-SG29.1
visible | somatic clone
wild-type
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
anterior fascicle & synapse, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
anterior fascicle & synapse | supernumerary, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
border follicle cell | oogenesis stage S10
border follicle cell | oogenesis stage S10, with Scer\GAL4slbo.2.6
border follicle cell | oogenesis stage S10 (with apt41)
border follicle cell | oogenesis stage S10 (with apt167)
border follicle cell | oogenesis stage S10 (with aptKG05830)
border follicle cell | oogenesis stage S10 | somatic clone
central nervous system | germline clone
dorsal bridge
dorsal pouch
dorsocentral bristle, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4
egg chamber | germline clone
egg chamber | oogenesis stage S10
egg chamber | oogenesis stage S10, with Scer\GAL4slbo.2.6
egg chamber | oogenesis stage S10 (with apt41)
egg chamber | oogenesis stage S10 (with apt167)
egg chamber | oogenesis stage S10 (with aptKG05830)
egg chamber | oogenesis stage S10 | somatic clone
embryo | dorsal closure stage
embryo | dorsal closure stage | germline clone
embryonic/first instar larval cuticle
embryonic/larval heart
embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction
embryonic/larval tracheal section
embryonic/larval tracheal section | germline clone
embryonic head
embryonic head | germline clone
embryonic mandibular segment
embryonic maxillary segment
haltere, with Scer\GAL4sd-SG29.1
hypostomal sclerite
larval intersegmental nerve, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
larval ventral nerve cord
lateral process of cephalopharyngeal skeleton
macrochaeta | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4
mesonotum, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
neuromuscular junction
oocyte | germline clone
presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system
presumptive embryonic/larval tracheal system
scutellar bristle, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4
synapse
synapse, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
trichogen cell, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4
wing, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
wing, with Scer\GAL4sd-SG29.1
wing | somatic clone
wing blade posterior compartment, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
wing disc, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544
wing disc | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
wing disc dorsal compartment, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544
wing margin bristle, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
wing vein, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (0)
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (0)
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (0)
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (0)
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (0)
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (0)
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP007656
8 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:apt. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (2)
CG3548
4 of 13
CG32813
2 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
Allele
Disease
Evidence
References
Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
Human Ortholog
Disease
Evidence
References
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 2 )
Allele
Disease
Interaction
References
aptUAS.cEa
ameliorates  carcinoma
modeled by scribRNAi.UAS.cUa
(Song et al., 2023)
aptGD1367
exacerbates  carcinoma
modeled by scribRNAi.UAS.cUa
(Song et al., 2023)
Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
Homo sapiens (Human)
Gene name
Score
OMIM
OMIM Phenotype
DO term
Complementation?
Transgene?
Functional Complementation Data
Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
Interactions
Summary of Physical Interactions
Interaction Browsers
View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
protein-protein
Physical Interaction
Assay
References
apt - Abd-B
bimolecular fluorescence complementation, fluorescence microscopy
(Baëza et al., 2015)
apt - Antp
bimolecular fluorescence complementation, fluorescence microscopy
(Baëza et al., 2015)
apt - Cenp-C
anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
(Lipinszki et al., 2015)
apt - Hr78
two hybrid array
(Shokri et al., 2019)
apt - Scr
bimolecular fluorescence complementation, fluorescence microscopy
(Baëza et al., 2015)
apt - Tbp
anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
(Liu et al., 2003)
apt - Ubx
bimolecular fluorescence complementation, fluorescence microscopy, two hybrid
(Bischof et al., 2018, Baëza et al., 2015, Hsiao et al., 2014)
apt - abd-A
bimolecular fluorescence complementation, fluorescence microscopy
(Bischof et al., 2018, Baëza et al., 2015)
apt - bru1
anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
(Lie and Macdonald, 1999)
apt - cnn
anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
(Habermann et al., 2012)
apt - mbf1
anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, pull down, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, edman degradation
(Liu et al., 2003)
RNA-protein
Physical Interaction
Assay
References
apt - Fmr1
clip-seq, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr
(Buddika et al., 2021)
apt - osk
nucleic acid uv cross-linking assay, autoradiography
(Lie and Macdonald, 1999)
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interaction Browsers
View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
apt
suppressible
slbo
(Starz-Gaiano et al., 2008)
apt
suppressible
Stat92E
(Starz-Gaiano et al., 2008)
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
ct
suppressible
apt
(Krupp et al., 2005)
Dfd
enhanceable
apt
egr
suppressible
apt
(Harris et al., 2020)
hh
enhanceable
apt
(Wang et al., 2017)
l(2)gl
suppressible
apt
(Woodhouse et al., 2003)
mbf1
enhanceable
apt
(Liu et al., 2003)
pbl
suppressible
apt
(Gregory et al., 2007)
pbl
enhanceable
apt
(Gregory et al., 2007)
peb
suppressible
apt
(Wilk et al., 2004)
rpr
suppressible
apt
(Harris et al., 2020)
slbo
suppressible
apt
(Starz-Gaiano et al., 2008)
smo
enhanceable
apt
(Wang et al., 2017)
External Data
Linkouts
BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
Pathways
Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
Metabolic Pathways
FlyBase
External Links
External Data
Linkouts
Class of Gene
Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
Chromosome (arm)
2R
Recombination map
2-104
Cytogenetic map
59F1-59F4
Sequence location
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Evidence for location
59F1-59F4
Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}Dcp-102132 and P{EP}aptEP2339&P{PZ}apt06369
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Notes
References
59F1-59F2
(determined by in situ hybridisation)
(Takasu-Ishikawa et al., 2001, Abdelilah-Seyfried et al., 2000, Gellon, 1996.4.28, Perrimon et al., 1996)
59F-59F
(Bodmer, 1998.3.9, Gellon, 1997.6.20, Lie, 1997.9.25, Eulenberg and Schuh, 1996)
59F1-59F2
(determined by in situ hybridisation) 59F3--4 (determined by in situ hybridisation)
(Spradling et al., 1999, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
59F1-59F2
59F3--59F4
(Beaton, 1997.12.27)
59F-59F
(determined by in situ hybridisation)
(Eulenberg and Schuh, 1997, Eulenberg and Schuh, 1997)
59E1-59E1
(determined by in situ hybridisation)
(Yoshihara et al., 1997)
Df(2R)bw5 breaks near apt.
(Gellon, 1996.4.28)
Recombination and deficiency mapping (details unspecified) confirm cytological location.
(Yoshihara et al., 1997)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location

2-104

(FlyBase, 2016)

2-108.4

(Comeron et al., 2012)

2-104.8

(Takasu-Ishikawa et al., 2001)

2-

(Eulenberg and Schuh, 1996, Gellon et al., 1996)
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Stocks and Reagents
Stocks (72)
Genomic Clones (38)
cDNA Clones (126)
 

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones
    Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

    For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

    cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
    RNAi and Array Information
    Linkouts
    DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
    Antibody Information
    Laboratory Generated Antibodies
     

    monoclonal

    (Na et al., 2016)

    polyclonal

    (Liu et al., 2014, Liu et al., 2003, Lie and Macdonald, 1999, Eulenberg and Schuh, 1997)
    Commercially Available Antibodies
     
    Cell Line Information
    Publicly Available Cell Lines
     
      Other Stable Cell Lines
       
        Other Comments

        apt is required for morphogenesis and function of the heart.

        (Su et al., 1999)

        Identification: Enhancer trap expression pattern survey for loci expressed in the ring gland.

        (Harvie et al., 1998)

        Molecular characterisation of apt. apt protein activity enables cells to migrate during tracheal branch outgrowth and tube formation. apt activity is a prerequisite for tracheal cell migration but independent of directed cell migration in response to dpp and bnl signalling. apt function is not restricted to the tracheal system but is also required in various other embryonic tissues where the gene is expressed.

        (Eulenberg and Schuh, 1997)

        apt is required for the elaboration of dorsal and ventral head structures. The apt protein acts in parallel to, or as a cofactor with, HOX proteins to regulate homeotic targets in the ventral gnathal region.

        (Gellon et al., 1997)

        Identified in a screen for modifiers of the Dfd13/Dfd3 mutant phenotype. Shows no interaction with the Pc mutant phenotype.

        (Gellon et al., 1997)

        Mutations isolated on the basis of having a dominant effect on the viability of flies carrying a combination of hypomorphic Dfd alleles.

        (Gellon et al., 1996)

        The autosomal "FLP-DFS" technique (using the P{ovoD1-18} P{FRT(whs)} P{hsFLP} chromosomes) has been used to identify the specific maternal effect phenotype for the zygotic lethal mutation.

        (Perrimon et al., 1996)

        Embryonic lethal with abnormal head structures.

        Relationship to Other Genes
        Source for database merge of

        Source for merge of: apt l(2)06369

        (Su et al., 1999)

        Source for merge of: apt l(2)59Ea

        (Takasu-Ishikawa et al., 2001)

        Source for merge of: apt l(2)k11531

        (Csink et al., 2002)
        Additional comments
        Nomenclature History
        Source for database identify of

        Source for identity of: apt CG5393

        (Zhang, 1999.11)
        Nomenclature comments
        Etymology
        Synonyms and Secondary IDs (20)
        Reported As
        Symbol Synonym
        3041
        (Harvie et al., 1998)
        APT
        (Berez et al., 2020)
        Apt
        (Song et al., 2023, Almeida Machado Costa et al., 2022, Bischof et al., 2018, Monahan and Starz-Gaiano, 2016, Saadin and Starz-Gaiano, 2016, Baëza et al., 2015, Chandran et al., 2014, Hsiao et al., 2014, Bausek, 2013, Yoon et al., 2011, Stöbe et al., 2009)
        CG5393
        (Sun et al., 2023, Na et al., 2016, Hosono et al., 2015, Lipinszki et al., 2015, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009.3.31, Holloway et al., 2008, Molnar et al., 2006, Kim et al., 2004, Raisin et al., 2003, Ramet et al., 2002, Kraut et al., 2001, Kraut et al., 2001)
        TDF
        (Liu et al., 2003, Boube et al., 2000)
        TDF/APT
        (Liu et al., 2002)
        Tdp
        (Liu et al., 2003)
        apt
        (Collins et al., 2024, Arias-Rojas et al., 2023, Song et al., 2023, Cao et al., 2022, Jia et al., 2022, Oyeyinka et al., 2022, Buddika et al., 2021, Khan et al., 2021, Harris et al., 2020, Hung et al., 2020, Kitatani et al., 2020, Peercy and Starz-Gaiano, 2020, Wang et al., 2020, Shokri et al., 2019, Doupé et al., 2018, Shen et al., 2018, Karaiskos et al., 2017, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Kockel et al., 2016, Na et al., 2016, Saadin and Starz-Gaiano, 2016, Gene Disruption Project members, 2015-, Grotewiel and Bettinger, 2015, Schertel et al., 2015, DeSalvo et al., 2014, Liu et al., 2014, Xie et al., 2014, Combs and Eisen, 2013, de Celis et al., 2013.9.11, McClure and Heberlein, 2013, Monahan and Starz-Gaiano, 2013, Sen et al., 2013, Habermann et al., 2012, Langley et al., 2012, Singer and Gall, 2011, Toku et al., 2011, Yoon et al., 2011, Frise et al., 2010, Kazemian et al., 2010, Starz-Gaiano et al., 2009, Christensen et al., 2008.12.28, Holloway et al., 2008, Starz-Gaiano et al., 2008, Buszczak et al., 2007, Minidorff et al., 2007, Minidorff et al., 2007, Sandmann et al., 2007, Bowler et al., 2006, Jiang and Crews, 2006, Ma et al., 2006, Molnar et al., 2006, Gim et al., 2001)
        l(2)03041
        l(2)06369
        (Spradling et al., 1999)
        l(2)09049
        (Beaton, 1997.12.27)
        l(2)59Ea
        (Yoshihara et al., 1997)
        l(2)k11531
        tdf
        (Turkel et al., 2013, Kucherenko et al., 2012, Starz-Gaiano et al., 2008, Ghabrial et al., 2003, Liu et al., 2003, Liu et al., 2000, Hogan and Yingling, 1998, Eulenberg and Schuh, 1997, Eulenberg and Schuh, 1997, Eulenberg and Schuh, 1996)
        Name Synonyms
        Apontic
        (Zülbahar et al., 2018, Monahan and Starz-Gaiano, 2016, Saadin and Starz-Gaiano, 2016, Chandran et al., 2014, Nakayama et al., 2014, Xie et al., 2014, Yoon et al., 2011, Terry et al., 2006, Gim et al., 2001)
        Trachea defective
        (Liu et al., 2000)
        apontic
        (Peercy and Starz-Gaiano, 2020, Shen et al., 2018, Baëza et al., 2015, Roy et al., 2014, Bausek, 2013, Singer and Gall, 2011, Chung et al., 2009, Starz-Gaiano et al., 2008, Gregory et al., 2007, Bowler et al., 2006, Jiang and Crews, 2006, Gellon et al., 1997, Gellon et al., 1996)
        trachea defective
        (Chung et al., 2009)
        tracheae defective
        (Ghabrial et al., 2003, Eulenberg and Schuh, 1996)
        tracheal defective
        (Starz-Gaiano et al., 2008)
        Secondary FlyBase IDs
        • FBgn0010526
        • FBgn0010619
        • FBgn0010654
        • FBgn0016073
        • FBgn0021909
        • FBgn0023031
        Datasets (0)
        Study focus (0)
        Experimental Role
        Project
        Project Type
        Title
        Study result (0)
        Result
        Result Type
        Title
        External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 80 )
        Sequence Crossreferences
        NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
        GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
        GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
        RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
        UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
        UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
        Other crossreferences
        AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
        BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
        DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
        EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
        FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
        FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
        InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
        KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
        MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
        Linkouts
        BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
        FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
        FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
        Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
        Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
        Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
        MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        References (194)