FB2025_05 , released December 11, 2025
Gene: Dmel\pgc
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\pgc
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
polar granule component
Annotation Symbol
CG32885
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0016053
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
8 publicly available
Gene Summary
polar granule component (pgc) encodes a small polypeptide involved in transcriptional silencing in primordial germ cells and in germ cell specification. It interacts with the RpII215/Spn43Ab complex that regulates RNA polymerase II expression. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

PGC1, pgc-1

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
58D3-58D3
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-99
RefSeq locus
NT_033778 REGION:22330200..22332813
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (9 terms)
Molecular Function (0 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Biological Process (7 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (7 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in germ cell development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Nakamura et al., 1996)
involved_in germ cell migration
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Nakamura et al., 1996)
involved_in germ-line cyst formation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Flora et al., 2018)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:CycB; FB:FBgn0000405
(Flora et al., 2018)
involved_in negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription
inferred from direct assay
(Timinszky et al., 2008)
involved_in negative regulation of gene expression
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Morita et al., 2020)
involved_in pole cell development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Deshpande et al., 2004)
involved_in positive regulation of heterochromatin formation
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:bam; FB:FBgn0000158
(Flora et al., 2018)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Cellular Component (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in P granule
inferred from direct assay
(Tindell et al., 2020, Nakamura et al., 1996)
located_in pole plasm
inferred from direct assay
(Nakamura et al., 1996)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
    -
    Summaries
    Gene Snapshot
    polar granule component (pgc) encodes a small polypeptide involved in transcriptional silencing in primordial germ cells and in germ cell specification. It interacts with the RpII215/Spn43Ab complex that regulates RNA polymerase II expression. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
    Gene Model and Products
    Number of Transcripts
    3
    Number of Unique Polypeptides
    1

    Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\pgc for information on other features

    To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

    Protein Domains (via Pfam)
    Isoform displayed:
    Pfam protein domains
    InterPro name
    classification
    start
    end
    Protein Domains (via SMART)
    Isoform displayed:
    SMART protein domains
    InterPro name
    classification
    start
    end
    Structure
    Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry A8DYL7)

    If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
    Model Confidence:
    • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
    • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
    • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
    • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

    AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

    Experimentally Determined Structures
    Crossreferences
    Comments on Gene Model

    Gene model reviewed during 5.51

    Transcript Data
    Annotated Transcripts
    Name
    FlyBase ID
    RefSeq ID
    Length (nt)
    Assoc. CDS (aa)
    pgc-RA
    FBtr0112520
    NM_001103942
    1211
    71
    pgc-RC
    FBtr0112519
    NM_001103941
    686
    71
    pgc-RD
    FBtr0342987
    NM_001299786
    643
    71
    Additional Transcript Data and Comments
    Reported size (kB)
    Comments
    External Data
    Crossreferences
    Polypeptide Data
    Annotated Polypeptides
    Name
    FlyBase ID
    Predicted MW (kDa)
    Length (aa)
    Theoretical pI
    UniProt
    RefSeq ID
    GenBank
    pgc-PA
    FBpp0111432
    8.5
    71
    3.94
    A8DYL7
    NP_001097412
    ABV53880
    pgc-PC
    FBpp0111431
    8.5
    71
    3.94
    A8DYL7
    NP_001097411
    ABV53879
    pgc-PD
    FBpp0309751
    8.5
    71
    3.94
    A8DYL7
    NP_001286715
    AHN56510
    Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

    The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

    71 aa isoforms: pgc-PA, pgc-PC, pgc-PD
    Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
    Reported size (kDa)
    Comments
    External Data
    Crossreferences
    Linkouts
    Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
    Mapped Features

    Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\pgc using the Feature Mapper tool.

    External Data
    Crossreferences
    Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
    Linkouts
    Expression Data
    Testis-specificity index

    The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

    -0.27

    Transcript Expression
    Polypeptide Expression
    immunolocalization
    Stage
    Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
    Reference
    embryonic stage
    primordial germ cell
    (de Las Heras et al., 2009)
    Additional Descriptive Data
    Marker for
     
    Subcellular Localization
    CV Term
    Evidence
    References
    located_in P granule
    inferred from direct assay
    (Tindell et al., 2020, Nakamura et al., 1996)
    located_in pole plasm
    inferred from direct assay
    (Nakamura et al., 1996)
    Expression Deduced from Reporters
    High-Throughput Expression Data
    Associated Tools

    JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

    View Dmel\pgc in JBrowse
    RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
    Bulk Downloads
    RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
    Reference
    See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
    Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
    Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
    External Data and Images
    Linkouts
    BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
    DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
    EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
    FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
    Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
    Images
    FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
    • Stages(s) 1-3
    • Stages(s) 4-6
    • Stages(s) 11-12
    • Stages(s) 13-16
    FlyBase Wiki
    Image Based Resources
    Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
    Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 5 )
    For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
     
    Other relevant insertions
    Transgenic Constructs ( 13 )
    For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
    Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of pgc
    Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of pgc
    Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 1 )
    Variants
    Variant Molecular Consequences
    Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
    Phenotypes
    Orthologs
    Downloads
    Download All DIOPT Orthologs
    Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
    Species\Gene Symbol
    Score
    Best Score
    Best Reverse Score
    Source
    Compara
    Domainoid
    eggNOG
    Hieranoid
    Homologene
    Inparanoid
    OMA
    OrthoDB
    OrthoFinder
    OrthoInspector
    orthoMCL
    Panther
    Phylome
    SonicParanoid
    Alignment
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Homo sapiens (Human) (0)
    Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
    Species\Gene Symbol
    Score
    Best Score
    Best Reverse Score
    Source
    Compara
    Domainoid
    eggNOG
    Hieranoid
    Homologene
    Inparanoid
    OMA
    OrthoDB
    OrthoFinder
    OrthoInspector
    orthoMCL
    Panther
    Phylome
    SonicParanoid
    Alignment
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (0)
    Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (0)
    Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (0)
    Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (0)
    Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (0)
    Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (0)
    Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
    Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
    Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
    Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
    Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
    Data provided directly from OrthoDB:pgc. Refer to their site for version information.
    Paralogs
    Downloads
    Download All DIOPT Paralogs
    Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
    Gene Symbol
    Score
    Source
    Compara
    Domainoid
    eggNOG
    Homologene
    Inparanoid
    OMA
    OrthoDB
    OrthoFinder
    OrthoInspector
    orthoMCL
    Panther
    Phylome
    SonicParanoid
    Alignment
    Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (1)
    CG34207
    1 of 13
    Human Disease Associations
    FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
      Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
      Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
      Allele
      Disease
      Evidence
      References
      Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
      Human Ortholog
      Disease
      Evidence
      References
      Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
      Allele
      Disease
      Interaction
      References
      Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
      Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
      Homo sapiens (Human)
      Gene name
      Score
      OMIM
      OMIM Phenotype
      DO term
      Complementation?
      Transgene?
      Functional Complementation Data
      Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
      Interactions
      Summary of Physical Interactions
      Summary of Genetic Interactions
      Interaction Browsers
      View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
      Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      pgc
      suppressible
      CycB
      (Flora et al., 2018)
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      External Data
      Linkouts
      BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
      Pathways
      Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
      Metabolic Pathways
      FlyBase
      External Links
      External Data
      Linkouts
      Class of Gene
      Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
      Chromosome (arm)
      2R
      Recombination map
      2-99
      Cytogenetic map
      58D3-58D3
      Sequence location
      FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Evidence for location
      58D3-58D3
      Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}ari-207768 and P{lacW}l(2)k09801k09801
      Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Notes
      References
      58D1-58D8
      (Nakamura, 1996.8.8)
      58D-58D
      (determined by in situ hybridisation)
      (Nakamura et al., 1996)
      Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
      Location

      2-99

      (FlyBase, 2016)

      2-104.1

      (Comeron et al., 2012)

      2-

      (Nakamura, 1996.8.8)
      Left of (cM)
      Right of (cM)
      Notes
      Stocks and Reagents
      Stocks (8)
      Genomic Clones (16)
       

      Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

      cDNA Clones (56)
       

      Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

      cDNA clones, fully sequenced
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

        For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

        cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
        RNAi and Array Information
        Linkouts
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        Antibody Information
        Laboratory Generated Antibodies
         
        Commercially Available Antibodies
         
        Cell Line Information
        Publicly Available Cell Lines
         
          Other Stable Cell Lines
           
            Other Comments

            pgc is essential for repressing phosphorylation of Ser2 residues in the carboxy-terminal domain of RpII215 protein in newly formed pole cells. pgc protein interacts with the P-TEFb complex (Cdk9 and CycT proteins) and prevents its recruitment to transcription sites.

            (Hanyu-Nakamura et al., 2008)

            Annotation CR32885 renamed CG32885 in release 5.2 of the genome annotation; the change to a protein coding annotation was based on the presence of a conserved CONGO

            (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2007)

            exon, which is by definition protein-coding.

            (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2007, Nakamura et al., 1996)

            pgc is required to downregulate terminal signaling in early pole cells.

            (Deshpande et al., 2004)

            pgc regulates transcriptional repression in germ cells.

            (Martinho et al., 2004)

            Renamed annotation (CR32885) in release 3 of the genome annotation.

            (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003)

            Encodes an RNA component of polar granules.

            (Nakamura et al., 1996)

            T3dh is transcribed from the opposite strand to pgc, overlapping the pgc intron and a portion of exon specific to the 1.3kb pgc transcript.

            (Nakamura et al., 1996)

            pgc encodes an untranslatable RNA that is required for pole cell migration and germline development.

            (Nakamura et al., 1996)

            FlyBase curator comment: pgc is stated to encode an untranslatable RNA in FBrf0091128, however in release 5.2 of the genome annotation (FBrf0199252), pgc has been annotated as a protein coding gene, based on the presence of a conserved CONGO

            (Nakamura et al., 1996)
            Relationship to Other Genes
            Source for database merge of
            Additional comments
            Nomenclature History
            Source for database identify of
            Nomenclature comments
            Etymology
            Synonyms and Secondary IDs (12)
            Reported As
            Symbol Synonym
            CG11296
            CG32885
            (National Institute of Genetics Fly Stocks, 2022-, Meadows, 2014.12.12, Chen et al., 2012, Zhang et al., 2011, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Zhang et al., 2010)
            CR32885
            (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2007)
            PGC1
            (Meschi and Delanoue, 2021, Jacobs et al., 2020, Texada et al., 2020)
            Pgc
            (Tindell et al., 2020, Liu and Lasko, 2015, Robert et al., 2015, Strome and Lehmann, 2007, Inagaki et al., 2005, Ephrussi and St. Johnston, 2004, Tadros et al., 2003, Mahowald, 2001, Matova and Cooley, 2001, Nakamura et al., 2001, Iida and Kobayashi, 2000, Bashirullah et al., 1999, Robertson et al., 1999, Chikarmane et al., 1998, Hazelrigg, 1998, Nakamura, 1996.8.8, Nakamura, 1996.8.8, Nakamura et al., 1996)
            Pgc1
            (Lipshitz and Smibert, 2000)
            pgc
            (Diaz et al., 2025, Kina et al., 2025, Wang et al., 2024, Colonnetta et al., 2023, Curnutte et al., 2023, Örkenby et al., 2023, Pang et al., 2023, Arkov, 2022, Colonnetta et al., 2022, Valentino et al., 2022, Colonnetta et al., 2021, Ing-Simmons et al., 2021, Liang et al., 2021, Mukherjee and Mukherjee, 2021, Neiswender et al., 2021, Yang, 2021, Blatt et al., 2020, Dodson and Kennedy, 2020, Dold et al., 2020, Morita et al., 2020, Trcek et al., 2020, Goldman et al., 2019, Hanyu-Nakamura et al., 2019, Su et al., 2019, Trcek and Lehmann, 2019, Whittle and Extavour, 2019, Coll et al., 2018, Flora et al., 2018, McCarthy et al., 2018, Niepielko et al., 2018, Dufourt et al., 2017, Vazquez-Pianzola et al., 2017, Zanet et al., 2016, Barckmann et al., 2015, Dahlberg et al., 2015, Trcek et al., 2015, Combs and Eisen, 2013, Deshpande et al., 2012, de Las Heras et al., 2009, Rangan et al., 2009, Hanyu-Nakamura et al., 2008, Rangan et al., 2008, Timinszky et al., 2008, Yatsu et al., 2008, De las Heras et al., 2007, Prasanth and Spector, 2007, Song et al., 2007, Arkov et al., 2006, Deshpande et al., 2006, Seydoux and Braun, 2006, Thomson and Lasko, 2004)
            pgc-1
            (Extavour and Akam, 2003, Starz-Gaiano and Lehmann, 2001)
            pgr
            (Starz-Gaiano and Lehmann, 2001)
            Name Synonyms
            58D gene
            (Nakamura et al., 1996)
            Polar granule component
            (Mahowald, 2001)
            polar granule component
            (Morita et al., 2020, Dahlberg et al., 2015, Trcek et al., 2015, Deshpande et al., 2012, de Las Heras et al., 2009, Rangan et al., 2009, Hanyu-Nakamura et al., 2008, Rangan et al., 2008, Timinszky et al., 2008, Prasanth and Spector, 2007, Seydoux and Braun, 2006, Nakamura, 1996.4.30)
            Secondary FlyBase IDs
            • FBgn0034719
            Datasets (0)
            Study focus (0)
            Experimental Role
            Project
            Project Type
            Title
            Study result (0)
            Result
            Result Type
            Title
            External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 35 )
            Sequence Crossreferences
            NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
            GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
            GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
            RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
            UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
            UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
            Other crossreferences
            AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
            BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
            DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
            EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
            FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
            FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
            KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
            MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
            Linkouts
            BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
            Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
            DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
            DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
            Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
            FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
            Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
            References (131)