FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\CtBP
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\CtBP
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
C-terminal Binding Protein
Annotation Symbol
CG7583
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0020496
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
28 publicly available
Gene Summary
C-terminal Binding Protein (CtBP) encodes a co-repressor which is recruited by repressive transcription factors through a short Pro-X-Asp-Leu-Ser (PXDLS) peptide motif. Its main role is to repress developmental enhancers. [Date last reviewed: 2023-09-07] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

dCtBP, G9, l(3)G9

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
87D8-87D9
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-53
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:13011649..13026275
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (21 terms)
Molecular Function (8 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (5 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables DNA-binding transcription factor binding
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:sna; FB:FBgn0003448
(Qi et al., 2008)
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:kni; FB:FBgn0001320
(Keller et al., 2000)
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Kr; FB:FBgn0001325
(Matyash et al., 2009)
enables protein binding
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:hry; FB:FBgn0001168
(Zhang and Levine, 1999)
enables protein homodimerization activity
inferred from direct assay
(Bhambhani et al., 2011)
enables transcription coactivator activity
inferred from direct assay
(Fang et al., 2006)
enables transcription corepressor activity
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Fang et al., 2006)
inferred from direct assay
(Keller et al., 2000)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (6 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables DNA-binding transcription factor binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000107687
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
enables NAD binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR006139, InterPro:IPR006140, InterPro:IPR043322
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
enables oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR006139, InterPro:IPR043322
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
enables transcription coactivator activity
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000107687
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
enables transcription coregulator binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000107687
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
enables transcription corepressor activity
traceable author statement
(Chinnadurai, 2003, Courey and Jia, 2001)
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR043322
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000107687
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Biological Process (10 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (10 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in chaeta development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Stern et al., 2009, Biryukova and Heitzler, 2008)
involved_in chromatin remodeling
inferred from direct assay
(Emelyanov et al., 2012)
involved_in negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:arm; FB:FBgn0000117
(Fang et al., 2006)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Bhambhani et al., 2011)
involved_in negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription
inferred from direct assay
(Stern et al., 2007)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Nibu et al., 2003)
involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
inferred from direct assay
(Bhambhani et al., 2011)
involved_in positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Fang et al., 2006)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:pygo; FB:FBgn0043900
(Bhambhani et al., 2011)
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Bhambhani et al., 2011)
involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Zhang and Arnosti, 2011)
involved_in sensory organ precursor cell fate determination
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Stern et al., 2009)
involved_in wing disc development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Zhang and Arnosti, 2011)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000107687
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Cellular Component (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of ISWI-type complex
inferred from direct assay
(Emelyanov et al., 2012)
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Zhang and Arnosti, 2011, Fang et al., 2006)
colocalizes_with polytene chromosome
inferred from direct assay
(Emelyanov et al., 2012)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in nucleus
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000107687
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Pathway (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the D-isomer specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family. (O46036)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Catalytic Activity (EC/Rhea)
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
C-terminal Binding Protein (CtBP) encodes a co-repressor which is recruited by repressive transcription factors through a short Pro-X-Asp-Leu-Ser (PXDLS) peptide motif. Its main role is to repress developmental enhancers. [Date last reviewed: 2023-09-07]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
TORC REMODELING COMPLEX -
ToRC (Toutatis-containing chromatin remodeling complex) is ISWI ATPase-containing complex that facilitates nucleosome assembly. (Adapted from FBrf0217777).
UNCLASSIFIED CH-OH OXIDOREDUCTASES, NAD OR NADP AS ACCEPTOR -
This group comprises CH-OH oxidoreductases using NAD or NADP as acceptor that do not classify under other groups in FlyBase.
Pathway (FlyBase)
NEGATIVE REGULATORS OF WNT-TCF SIGNALING PATHWAY -
Negative regulators of Wnt-TCF (canonical Wnt) signaling down-regulate the pathway, resulting in the attenuation of transcriptional regulation mediated by β-catenin (arm).
POSITIVE REGULATORS OF WNT-TCF SIGNALING PATHWAY -
Positive regulators of Wnt-TCF (canonical Wnt) signaling up-regulate the pathway, resulting in the enhancement of transcriptional regulation mediated by β-catenin (arm).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Corepressor targeting diverse transcription regulators. Hairy-interacting protein required for embryonic segmentation and hairy-mediated transcriptional repression.
(UniProt, O46036)
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
l(3)87De
Escapers resemble MesB, but without the abdomen effect. Interacts with MesB in trans heterozygotes (Skinner, Cole, and Chovnick).
Summary (Interactive Fly)

transcription factor-interacting protein - a transcriptional co-repressor - directly activates and represses Wnt transcriptional targets - regulates proliferation and differentiation of eye precursors and complexes with Eyeless, Dachshund, Dan, and Danr during eye and antennal development - Trithorax monomethylates histone H3K4 and interacts directly with CBP to promote H3K27 acetylation and antagonize Polycomb silencing

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
10
Number of Unique Polypeptides
7

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\CtBP for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry O46036)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Annotated transcripts do not represent all supported alternative splices within 5' UTR.

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.47

Gene model reviewed during 6.19

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
CtBP-RA
FBtr0082699
NM_079612
3959
386
CtBP-RB
FBtr0082701
NM_169490
1719
386
CtBP-RC
FBtr0082700
NM_169491
4383
386
CtBP-RD
FBtr0082702
NM_169492
3946
386
CtBP-RE
FBtr0100161
NM_001014617
2612
476
CtBP-RF
FBtr0334513
NM_001275591
4556
383
CtBP-RG
FBtr0334514
NM_001275592
2590
473
CtBP-RH
FBtr0334515
NM_001275593
2627
481
CtBP-RI
FBtr0334516
NM_001275594
2382
379
CtBP-RJ
FBtr0334517
NM_001275595
2612
476
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

4.0, 3.5, 2.7, 2.5 (northern blot)

(Poortinga et al., 1998)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
CtBP-PA
FBpp0082167
42.3
386
6.98
A4V2S3
NP_524336
AAF54891
CtBP-PB
FBpp0082169
42.3
386
6.98
A4V2S3
NP_731762
AAF54892
CtBP-PC
FBpp0082168
42.3
386
6.98
A4V2S3
NP_731763
AAN14339
CtBP-PD
FBpp0082170
42.3
386
6.98
A4V2S3
NP_731764
AAN14340
CtBP-PE
FBpp0099514
50.7
476
6.82
O46036
NP_001014617
AAX52947
CtBP-PF
FBpp0306580
41.9
383
6.98
A0A0B4KGG9
NP_001262520
AGB95902
CtBP-PG
FBpp0306581
50.4
473
6.82
A0A0B4KHB2
NP_001262521
AGB95903
CtBP-PH
FBpp0306582
51.2
481
6.82
A0A0B4KGZ7
NP_001262522
AGB95904
CtBP-PI
FBpp0306583
41.3
379
6.77
A0A0B4KFX5
NP_001262523
AGB95905
CtBP-PJ
FBpp0306584
50.7
476
6.82
A0A0B4KFT4
NP_001262524
AGB95906
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

386 aa isoforms: CtBP-PA, CtBP-PB, CtBP-PC, CtBP-PD
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

383 (aa)

(Nibu et al., 1998)

459, 386, 381 (aa)

(Poortinga et al., 1998)
Comments

CtBP protein interacts with h protein. The region of h protein required for the interaction was mapped to a 25aa region immediately upstream of the C-terminal WRPW motif. Deletion of 5 amino acids within this region (PLSLV) completely abolishes binding of h protein to CtBP protein. The region of the CtBP protein required for the interaction maps to the first 376 amino acids which are common to all four isoforms of CtBP protein that have been identified.

(Poortinga et al., 1998)
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Homodimer. Interacts with hairy (hry), knirps (kni), snail (sna), and Enhancer of split m-delta (HLHm-delta). Complex may be involved in transcriptional repression. Also interacts with adenovirus E1A protein.

(UniProt, O46036)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records
 
UniProt
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\CtBP using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-1.35

Transcript Expression
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
wandering third instar larval stage
eye disc anterior to the morphogenetic furrow
(Datta et al., 2011)
antennal disc
(Datta et al., 2011)
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult head
• membrane
(Aradska et al., 2015)
Additional Descriptive Data

CtBP protein is expressed in all cells of the eye-antennal disc, and is enriched anterior to the morphogenetic furrow.

(Datta et al., 2011)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of ISWI-type complex
inferred from direct assay
(Emelyanov et al., 2012)
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Zhang and Arnosti, 2011, Fang et al., 2006)
colocalizes_with polytene chromosome
inferred from direct assay
(Emelyanov et al., 2012)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
Reporter: P{CtBP-GAL4.S}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
embryonic/larval Malpighian tubule
(Weavers and Skaer, 2013)
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\CtBP in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 42 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 45 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of CtBP
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of CtBP
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 18 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 18 )
Gene disrupted in
Df(3R)kar-lG27
(Bossy et al., 1984, Rushlow and Chovnick, 1984, Hall et al., 1983, Spierer et al., 1983, Hilliker et al., 1981, Hilliker et al., 1980)
Df(3R)kar-Sz11
(Rushlow and Chovnick, 1984, Hilliker et al., 1981, Hilliker et al., 1980)
Df(3R)LG27
(DeLotto and Spierer, 1986)
Df(3R)ry36
(DeLotto and Spierer, 1986, Bossy et al., 1984, Rushlow and Chovnick, 1984, Hall et al., 1983, Hilliker et al., 1981, Hilliker et al., 1980)
Df(3R)ry75
(Rushlow and Chovnick, 1984, Hilliker et al., 1981, Hilliker et al., 1980)
Df(3R)ry506-85C
(BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
Df(3R)ry614
(Rushlow and Chovnick, 1984, Hilliker et al., 1981, Hilliker et al., 1980)
Df(3R)ry615
(Spradling et al., 1999, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
Df(3R)ry619
(Manseau et al., 1988, Bossy et al., 1984, Rushlow and Chovnick, 1984, Hilliker et al., 1981, Hilliker et al., 1980)
Df(3R)ry1168
(Manseau et al., 1988, Rushlow and Chovnick, 1984, Hilliker et al., 1981, Hilliker et al., 1980)
Df(3R)ry1301
(Rushlow and Chovnick, 1984, Hilliker et al., 1981, Hilliker et al., 1980)
Df(3R)ry1402
(Rushlow and Chovnick, 1984, Hilliker et al., 1981, Hilliker et al., 1980)
Df(3R)ry1607
(Rushlow and Chovnick, 1984, Hilliker et al., 1981, Hilliker et al., 1980)
Df(3R)ry1608
(Rushlow and Chovnick, 1984, Hilliker et al., 1981, Hilliker et al., 1980)
Gene not disrupted in
Df(3R)kar-D1
(Spradling et al., 1999, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
Df(3R)l26c
(Rushlow and Chovnick, 1984, Hilliker et al., 1981, Hilliker et al., 1980)
Df(3R)l26d
(DeLotto and Spierer, 1986, Rushlow and Chovnick, 1984, Hilliker et al., 1981, Hilliker et al., 1980)
Df(3R)lC4a
(Rushlow and Chovnick, 1984, Hilliker et al., 1981, Hilliker et al., 1980)
Inferred from location ( 6 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal
lethal, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
lethal | embryonic stage | maternal effect
lethal | maternal effect | recessive
lethal | pharate adult stage | recessive
lethal | recessive
lethal - all die before end of larval stage
lethal - all die before end of larval stage | recessive
lethal - all die before end of P-stage (with CtBP87De-10)
lethal - all die before end of P-stage (with CtBP03463)
lethal - all die before end of P-stage (with Df(3R)ry615)
lethal - all die before end of pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
lethal - all die before end of pupal stage | recessive
partially lethal - majority die
partially lethal - majority die, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
partially lethal - majority live | somatic clone
partially lethal - majority live | somatic clone - Minute background
viable
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
Sterility
Allele
female sterile, with Scer\GAL4nanos.PG
fertile
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal cell polarity, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544
abnormal cell polarity | cell autonomous | somatic clone
abnormal neuroanatomy | pharate adult stage (with CtBP87De-10)
abnormal neuroanatomy | pharate adult stage (with CtBP03463)
abnormal neuroanatomy | pharate adult stage (with Df(3R)ry615)
abnormal neuroanatomy | somatic clone - Minute background | third instar larval stage
abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
abnormal pain response | adult stage, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
abnormal size | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4ey.PU
abnormal size | adult stage | somatic clone - Minute background
abnormal size | pharate adult stage (with CtBP87De-10)
abnormal size | pharate adult stage (with CtBP03463)
abnormal size | pharate adult stage (with Df(3R)ry615)
abnormal size | somatic clone | third instar larval stage
increased occurrence of cell division | somatic clone | third instar larval stage
increased size | adult stage | somatic clone - tissue specific
some die during larval stage | recessive
some die during pharate adult stage (with CtBP87De-10)
some die during pharate adult stage (with CtBP03463)
some die during pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
some die during pupal stage | recessive
visible, with CtBPAcidic.UAS.Tag:FLAG, Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1
visible, with CtBPBasic.UAS.Tag:FLAG, Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1
visible, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544
visible, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
visible, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1
visible, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
visible | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4ey.PU
visible | adult stage | somatic clone - Minute background
visible | adult stage | somatic clone - tissue specific
visible | cold sensitive, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
visible | dominant
visible | pharate adult stage (with CtBP87De-10)
visible | pharate adult stage (with CtBP03463)
visible | pharate adult stage (with Df(3R)ry615)
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
adult cuticle | pharate adult stage (with CtBP87De-10)
adult cuticle | pharate adult stage (with CtBP03463)
adult cuticle | somatic clone - Minute background
adult head, with Scer\GAL4ey.PU
adult head | somatic clone - tissue specific
adult head bristle | somatic clone - Minute background
adult thoracic sensillum, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544
adult thorax, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544
antenna, with Scer\GAL4ey.PU
antenna | somatic clone - Minute background
antennal segment 2 microchaeta | pharate adult stage (with Df(3R)ry615)
anterior dorsocentral bristle, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544
anterior dorsocentral bristle, with Scer\GAL4sca-109-68
anterior dorsocentral bristle | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544
anterior dorsocentral bristle | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4sca-109-68
anterior dorsocentral bristle | adult stage | somatic clone
anterior dorsocentral bristle | adult stage | somatic clone | increased number
anterior dorsocentral bristle | pharate adult stage | increased number
anterior notopleural bristle | adult stage | somatic clone
anterior notopleural bristle | adult stage | somatic clone | increased number
anterior postalar bristle | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544
anterior postalar bristle | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4sca-109-68
anterior postalar bristle | adult stage | somatic clone
anterior postalar bristle | adult stage | somatic clone | increased number
anterior postalar bristle | pharate adult stage | increased number
anterior postalar bristle | pharate adult stage | increased number (with CtBP87De-10)
anterior postalar bristle | pharate adult stage | increased number (with CtBP03463)
anterior scutellar bristle, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544
anterior scutellar bristle, with Scer\GAL4sca-109-68
anterior scutellar bristle | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544
anterior scutellar bristle | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4sca-109-68
anterior scutellar bristle | adult stage | somatic clone
anterior scutellar bristle | adult stage | somatic clone | increased number
anterior scutellar bristle | pharate adult stage (with CtBP87De-10)
anterior scutellar bristle | pharate adult stage (with CtBP03463)
anterior scutellar bristle | pharate adult stage | increased number
anterior scutellar bristle | pharate adult stage | increased number (with CtBP87De-10)
anterior scutellar bristle | pharate adult stage | increased number (with CtBP03463)
anterior supraalar bristle | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544
anterior supraalar bristle | adult stage | somatic clone
anterior supraalar bristle | adult stage | somatic clone | increased number
arista | pharate adult stage (with Df(3R)ry615)
cyst progenitor cell | somatic clone
dorsocentral bristle, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544
dorsocentral bristle | increased number
embryonic/first instar larval cuticle | germline clone | maternal effect | ventral
embryonic/first instar larval cuticle | maternal effect | ventral
embryonic/larval crystal cell
embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
external sensory organ precursor cell | larval stage | increased number
eye, with Scer\GAL4ey.PU
eye | pharate adult stage (with CtBP87De-10)
eye | pharate adult stage (with CtBP03463)
eye | pharate adult stage (with Df(3R)ry615)
eye | somatic clone - Minute background
eye | somatic clone - tissue specific
eye disc | somatic clone - Minute background
eye disc anterior to the morphogenetic furrow | somatic clone | third instar larval stage
frontal bristle | pharate adult stage (with CtBP87De-10)
frontal bristle | pharate adult stage (with CtBP03463)
frontal bristle | somatic clone - Minute background
interocellar bristle | pharate adult stage (with CtBP87De-10)
interocellar bristle | pharate adult stage (with CtBP03463)
interocellar bristle | somatic clone - Minute background
interommatidial bristle | increased number, with Scer\GAL4ey.PU
interommatidial bristle | increased number, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PU
interommatidial bristle | pharate adult stage (with CtBP87De-10)
interommatidial bristle | pharate adult stage (with CtBP03463)
macrochaeta
macrochaeta (with CtBP87De-10)
macrochaeta (with CtBP03463)
macrochaeta | ectopic | maternal effect
macrochaeta | increased number
macrochaeta | increased number, with CtBP87De-10
macrochaeta | increased number, with CtBPUbi.Tag:MYC
mesonotum, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544
mesonotum, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
mesonotum, with Scer\GAL4sca-109-68
mesonotum | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544
mesonotum | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4sca-109-68
mesonotum | adult stage | somatic clone
mesonotum | pharate adult stage
mesonotum | pharate adult stage (with CtBP87De-10)
mesonotum | pharate adult stage (with CtBP03463)
NMJ bouton | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
notal microchaeta, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544
notal microchaeta | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544
notal microchaeta | cell autonomous | somatic clone
ocellar bristle, with Scer\GAL4ey.PU
ocellar bristle | somatic clone - Minute background
ocellar triangle | pharate adult stage (with CtBP87De-10)
ocellar triangle | pharate adult stage (with CtBP03463)
ocellar triangle | somatic clone - Minute background
ocellus, with Scer\GAL4ey.PU
ocellus | pharate adult stage (with CtBP87De-10)
ocellus | pharate adult stage (with CtBP03463)
ocellus | somatic clone - Minute background
ommatidium | pharate adult stage | increased number (with CtBP87De-10)
ommatidium | pharate adult stage | increased number (with CtBP03463)
ommatidium | pharate adult stage | increased number (with Df(3R)ry615)
orbital bristle | increased number, with Scer\GAL4ey.PU
orbital bristle | pharate adult stage | increased number (with CtBP87De-10)
orbital bristle | pharate adult stage | increased number (with CtBP03463)
orbital bristle | somatic clone - Minute background
posterior crossvein, with Scer\GAL4en.PU
posterior dorsocentral bristle, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544
posterior dorsocentral bristle, with Scer\GAL4sca-109-68
posterior dorsocentral bristle | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544
posterior dorsocentral bristle | adult stage | somatic clone
posterior dorsocentral bristle | adult stage | somatic clone | increased number
posterior dorsocentral bristle | pharate adult stage (with CtBP87De-10)
posterior dorsocentral bristle | pharate adult stage (with CtBP03463)
posterior dorsocentral bristle | pharate adult stage | increased number
posterior dorsocentral bristle | pharate adult stage | increased number (with CtBP87De-10)
posterior dorsocentral bristle | pharate adult stage | increased number (with CtBP03463)
posterior notopleural bristle | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544
posterior notopleural bristle | adult stage | somatic clone
posterior notopleural bristle | adult stage | somatic clone | increased number
posterior orbital bristle | somatic clone - Minute background
posterior postalar bristle | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544
posterior postalar bristle | adult stage | somatic clone | increased number
posterior postalar bristle | pharate adult stage | increased number
posterior postalar bristle | pharate adult stage | increased number (with CtBP87De-10)
posterior postalar bristle | pharate adult stage | increased number (with CtBP03463)
posterior scutellar bristle, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544
posterior scutellar bristle, with Scer\GAL4sca-109-68
posterior scutellar bristle | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544
posterior scutellar bristle | adult stage | somatic clone
posterior scutellar bristle | adult stage | somatic clone | increased number
posterior scutellar bristle | pharate adult stage (with CtBP87De-10)
posterior scutellar bristle | pharate adult stage (with CtBP03463)
posterior scutellar bristle | pharate adult stage | increased number
posterior scutellar bristle | pharate adult stage | increased number (with CtBP87De-10)
posterior scutellar bristle | pharate adult stage | increased number (with CtBP03463)
posterior supraalar bristle | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544
posterior supraalar bristle | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4sca-109-68
posterior supraalar bristle | adult stage | somatic clone
posterior supraalar bristle | adult stage | somatic clone | increased number
posterior supraalar bristle | pharate adult stage | increased number
posterior supraalar bristle | pharate adult stage | increased number (with CtBP87De-10)
posterior supraalar bristle | pharate adult stage | increased number (with CtBP03463)
presutural bristle | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544
scutellar bristle, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544
scutellum, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544
scutellum & macrochaeta | maternal effect
scutellum | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544
scutum & macrochaeta | maternal effect
second segment of antenna | pharate adult stage (with Df(3R)ry615)
segment | maternal effect
third segment of antenna | pharate adult stage (with Df(3R)ry615)
tormogen cell, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544
tormogen cell, with Scer\GAL4sca-109-68
tormogen cell | adult stage | somatic clone
trichogen cell, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
trichogen cell | increased number, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
ventral denticle belt | maternal effect
vertical bristle 2 | pharate adult stage (with CtBP87De-10)
vertical bristle 2 | pharate adult stage (with CtBP03463)
vertical bristle 2 | somatic clone - Minute background
vertical bristle | pharate adult stage | increased number (with CtBP87De-10)
vertical bristle | pharate adult stage | increased number (with CtBP03463)
vertical bristle | somatic clone - Minute background | increased number
vibrissal bristle, with Scer\GAL4ey.PU
wing, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544
wing, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
wing | cold sensitive, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
wing margin, with CtBPAcidic.UAS.Tag:FLAG, Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1
wing margin, with CtBPBasic.UAS.Tag:FLAG, Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1
wing margin, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1
wing vein | ectopic, with Scer\GAL469B
wing vein | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
wing vein | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4C-765
wing vein | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4en.PU
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (4)
Hsap\CTBP2
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Hsap\CTBP1
12 of 14
No
Yes
1  
Hsap\PHGDH
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\GRHPR
1 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (4)
Rnor\Ctbp2
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Ctbp1
12 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Phgdh
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Grhpr
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (4)
Mmus\Ctbp2
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Ctbp1
12 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Phgdh
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Grhpr
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (9)
Xtro\ctbp1
7 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\ctbp2l
6 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\ctbp2
5 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\fam53c
5 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\lancl3
3 of 13
No
No
Xtro\phgdh
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\LOC594879
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\LOC100498522
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\mtss1.2
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (8)
Drer\ctbp1
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\zgc:136929
11 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\ctbp2a
9 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\ctbp2l
4 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\phgdh
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\grhprb
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\grhpra
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\zgc:136493
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (2)
Cele\ctbp-1
10 of 14
Yes
Yes
Cele\C31C9.2
3 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (6)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003893
11 of 12
Yes
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP008849
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP009610
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP009611
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP009612
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP013478
1 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (13)
Atha\AN
5 of 13
Yes
Yes
3  
Atha\FDH
3 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT3G19480
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\EDA9
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\PGDH
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT1G72190
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT1G79870
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT2G45630
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT5G28310
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\HOG1
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\HPR3
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\HPR
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\SAHH2
1 of 13
No
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (6)
Scer\SER3
3 of 13
Yes
No
Scer\SER33
3 of 13
Yes
No
Scer\FDH1
2 of 13
No
No
Scer\YGL185C
2 of 13
No
No
Scer\YPL113C
2 of 13
No
No
Scer\GOR1
1 of 13
No
No
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (5)
Spom\SPAC186.02c
3 of 12
Yes
Yes
Spom\SPAC186.07c
3 of 12
Yes
Yes
Spom\SPCC364.07
2 of 12
No
No
Spom\SPACUNK4.10
1 of 12
No
No
Spom\SPBC1773.17c
1 of 12
No
No
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (5)
Ecol\ldhA
5 of 11
Yes
Yes
Ecol\pdxB
2 of 11
No
No
Ecol\serA
2 of 11
No
No
Ecol\ghrA
1 of 11
No
No
Ecol\ghrB
1 of 11
No
No
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:CtBP. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (5)
Phgdh
4 of 13
CG1236
2 of 13
CG9331
2 of 13
CG31673
2 of 13
CG31674
2 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    CtBPHMS00677
    model of  primary ovarian insufficiency
    CEA
    (Henarejos-Castillo et al., 2024)
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 5 )
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    CTBP2; C-terminal binding protein 2
    13 of 14
    602619
        CTBP1; C-terminal binding protein 1
        12 of 14
        602618
           
          Functional Complementation Data
          Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
          Interactions
          Summary of Physical Interactions
          Interaction Browsers
          View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
          Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
          protein-protein
          Physical Interaction
          Assay
          References
          CtBP
          two hybrid, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
          (Bi et al., 2018, Bhambhani et al., 2011, Poortinga et al., 1998)
          CtBP - Apc
          pull down, autoradiography
          (Hamada and Bienz, 2004)
          CtBP - Apc2
          pull down, autoradiography, Identification by mass spectrometry
          (Hamada and Bienz, 2004)
          CtBP - CBP
          anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
          (Bi et al., 2022)
          CtBP - CG12768
          experimental knowledge based
          (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
          CtBP - CG45071
          two hybrid, experimental knowledge based
          (Hu et al., 2017.6.13, Guruharsha et al., 2011)
          CtBP - Diap1
          enzymatic study, anti tag western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
          (Lee et al., 2012)
          CtBP - E(spl)m8-HLH
          two hybrid array
          (Shokri et al., 2019)
          CtBP - E(spl)mδ-HLH
          two hybrid
          (Poortinga et al., 1998)
          CtBP - Echs1
          experimental knowledge based
          (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
          CtBP - H
          pull down, autoradiography, two hybrid, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
          (Nagel et al., 2020, Zehender et al., 2017, Nagel and Preiss, 2014, Nagel et al., 2005, Barolo et al., 2002, Morel et al., 2001)
          CtBP - Hou
          experimental knowledge based
          (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
          CtBP - Hr78
          two hybrid array
          (Shokri et al., 2019)
          CtBP - Iswi
          ion exchange chromatography, cosedimentation, western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation
          (Emelyanov et al., 2012)
          CtBP - MEP-1
          anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry
          (Reddy et al., 2010)
          CtBP - Mes2
          experimental knowledge based
          (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
          CtBP - Mi-2
          anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry
          (Reddy et al., 2010)
          CtBP - Polr2A
          anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
          (Bi et al., 2022)
          CtBP - Sox102F
          two hybrid array
          (Shokri et al., 2019)
          CtBP - Sumo
          pull down, covalent binding, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry
          (Nie et al., 2009)
          CtBP - Tgi
          pull down, western blot, Identification by mass spectrometry
          (Vissers et al., 2020)
          CtBP - Ubx
          proximity-dependent biotin identification, Identification by mass spectrometry, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, fluorescence microscopy, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, western blot
          (Carnesecchi et al., 2020, Bischof et al., 2018)
          CtBP - Utx
          anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
          (Bi et al., 2022)
          CtBP - abd-A
          bimolecular fluorescence complementation, fluorescence microscopy
          (Bischof et al., 2018)
          CtBP - brk
          pull down, autoradiography, two hybrid array, two hybrid
          (Shokri et al., 2019, Hasson et al., 2001)
          CtBP - dac
          pull down, anti tag western blot
          (Banerjee and Curtiss, 2024)
          CtBP - dan
          pull down, western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation
          (Hoang et al., 2010)
          CtBP - danr
          pull down, western blot
          (Hoang et al., 2010)
          CtBP - ebi
          pull down, autoradiography
          (Qi et al., 2008)
          CtBP - esg
          anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
          (Voog et al., 2014)
          CtBP - exd
          bimolecular fluorescence complementation, fluorescence microscopy, two hybrid array
          (Shokri et al., 2019, Bischof et al., 2018)
          CtBP - ey
          anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation
          (Hoang et al., 2010)
          CtBP - foxo
          two hybrid array
          (Shokri et al., 2019)
          CtBP - fs(1)h
          anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
          (Bi et al., 2022)
          CtBP - gro
          anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
          (Nagel et al., 2005)
          CtBP - hry
          pull down, autoradiography, two hybrid
          (Abed et al., 2011, Magie et al., 1999, Zhang and Levine, 1999, Poortinga et al., 1998)
          CtBP - kay
          pull down, western blot
          (Mitchell et al., 2024)
          CtBP - kmg
          two hybrid array
          (Shokri et al., 2019)
          CtBP - kni
          pull down, autoradiography, two hybrid
          (Stern et al., 2007, Nibu et al., 1998)
          CtBP - nerfin-1
          anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
          (Guo et al., 2019)
          CtBP - pnr
          anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, pull down, autoradiography
          (Biryukova and Heitzler, 2008)
          CtBP - pros
          two hybrid array
          (Shokri et al., 2019)
          CtBP - sens
          pull down, anti tag western blot
          (Miller et al., 2014)
          CtBP - shn
          anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
          (Cai and Laughon, 2009, Yao et al., 2008)
          CtBP - sna
          pull down, autoradiography, two hybrid
          (Qi et al., 2008, Stern et al., 2007, Hasson et al., 2001, Nibu et al., 1998)
          CtBP - tio
          anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, two hybrid
          (Datta et al., 2011)
          CtBP - tou
          anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, molecular weight estimation by staining, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, ion exchange chromatography, cosedimentation, peptide massfingerprinting
          (Emelyanov et al., 2012)
          CtBP - tsh
          anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
          (Datta et al., 2011)
          CtBP - ush
          pull down, autoradiography, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
          (Biryukova and Heitzler, 2008)
          Summary of Genetic Interactions
          Interaction Browsers
          View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
          Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
          Starting gene(s)
          Interaction type
          Interacting gene(s)
          Reference
          egr|CtBP
          suppressible
          bsk
          (Worley et al., 2018)
          CtBP
          suppressible
          dac
          (Hoang et al., 2010)
          CtBP
          enhanceable
          dan
          (Hoang et al., 2010)
          CtBP
          suppressible
          dan
          (Hoang et al., 2010)
          CtBP
          enhanceable
          dan|danr
          (Hoang et al., 2010)
          CtBP
          enhanceable
          danr
          (Hoang et al., 2010)
          dan|CtBP
          suppressible
          danr
          (Hoang et al., 2010)
          CtBP
          suppressible
          danr
          (Hoang et al., 2010)
          CtBP
          suppressible
          ey
          (Hoang et al., 2010)
          CtBP
          enhanceable
          eya
          (Hoang et al., 2010)
          pnr|CtBP
          enhanceable
          HDAC1
          (Biryukova and Heitzler, 2008)
          egr|CtBP
          suppressible
          hep
          (Worley et al., 2018)
          CtBP|egr
          suppressible
          Ilp8
          (Worley et al., 2018)
          CtBP|egr
          enhanceable
          Ilp8
          (Worley et al., 2018)
          egr|CtBP
          suppressible
          kay
          (Worley et al., 2018)
          egr|CtBP
          enhanceable
          mirr
          (Worley et al., 2018)
          CtBP
          suppressible
          pnr
          (Stern et al., 2009)
          CtBP|egr
          suppressible
          rpr
          (Worley et al., 2018)
          CtBP
          enhanceable
          sav
          (Vissers et al., 2020)
          egr|CtBP
          enhanceable
          upd1
          (Worley et al., 2018)
          egr|CtBP
          suppressible
          upd2
          (Worley et al., 2018)
          egr|CtBP
          suppressible
          upd2|upd3
          (Worley et al., 2018)
          egr|CtBP
          suppressible
          upd3
          (Worley et al., 2018)
          CtBP
          suppressible
          ush
          (Stern et al., 2009)
          CtBP|egr
          suppressible
          wg
          (Worley et al., 2018)
          CtBP
          suppressible
          wit
          (Kim et al., 2019)
          Starting gene(s)
          Interaction type
          Interacting gene(s)
          Reference
          arm
          suppressible
          CtBP
          (Bhambhani et al., 2011, Fang et al., 2006)
          arm
          enhanceable
          CtBP
          (Bhambhani et al., 2011)
          ash1
          enhanceable
          CtBP
          (Bi et al., 2022)
          brm
          enhanceable
          CtBP
          (Bi et al., 2022)
          dan
          enhanceable
          CtBP
          (Hoang et al., 2010)
          dan
          suppressible
          CtBP
          (Hoang et al., 2010)
          dan
          enhanceable
          CtBP|danr
          (Hoang et al., 2010)
          danr
          enhanceable
          CtBP
          (Hoang et al., 2010)
          danr
          enhanceable
          dan|CtBP
          (Hoang et al., 2010)
          danr
          suppressible
          CtBP
          (Hoang et al., 2010)
          danr|dan
          enhanceable
          CtBP
          (Hoang et al., 2010)
          egr
          enhanceable
          CtBP
          (Worley et al., 2018)
          egr|mirr
          enhanceable
          CtBP
          (Worley et al., 2018)
          egr|Ilp8
          enhanceable
          CtBP
          (Worley et al., 2018)
          ey
          suppressible
          CtBP
          (Hoang et al., 2010)
          H
          enhanceable
          CtBP
          (Barolo et al., 2002)
          ham
          suppressible
          CtBP
          (Endo et al., 2011)
          hry
          suppressible
          CtBP
          (Poortinga et al., 1998)
          hry|gro
          suppressible
          CtBP
          (Phippen et al., 2000)
          N
          suppressible
          CtBP
          (Barolo et al., 2002)
          Pc
          suppressible
          CtBP
          (Bi et al., 2022)
          pnr
          enhanceable
          CtBP
          (Biryukova and Heitzler, 2008, Pena-Rangel et al., 2002)
          pnr
          suppressible
          CtBP
          (Biryukova and Heitzler, 2008)
          pnr|HDAC1
          enhanceable
          CtBP
          (Biryukova and Heitzler, 2008)
          pygo
          suppressible
          CtBP
          (Bhambhani et al., 2011)
          run
          suppressible
          CtBP
          (Wheeler et al., 2002)
          sav
          enhanceable
          CtBP
          (Vissers et al., 2020)
          Scm
          suppressible
          CtBP
          (Bi et al., 2022)
          Su(H)
          enhanceable
          CtBP
          (Barolo et al., 2002)
          Tgi
          suppressible
          CtBP
          (Vissers et al., 2020)
          trx
          enhanceable
          CtBP
          (Bi et al., 2022)
          ttk
          enhanceable
          CtBP
          (Wen et al., 2000)
          upd1
          suppressible
          CtBP
          (Mukherjee et al., 2006)
          upd1
          enhanceable
          CtBP
          (Mukherjee et al., 2006, Bach et al., 2003)
          upd1|egr
          enhanceable
          CtBP
          (Worley et al., 2018)
          wg
          suppressible
          CtBP
          (Fang et al., 2006)
          External Data
          Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
          Homodimer. Interacts with hairy (hry), knirps (kni), snail (sna), and Enhancer of split m-delta (HLHm-delta). Complex may be involved in transcriptional repression. Also interacts with adenovirus E1A protein.
          (UniProt, O46036 )
          Linkouts
          BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
          DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
          MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
          MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
          Pathways
          Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
          Metabolic Pathways
          FlyBase
          External Links
          External Data
          Linkouts
          KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
          Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
          SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.
          Class of Gene
          Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
          Chromosome (arm)
          3R
          Recombination map
          3-53
          Cytogenetic map
          87D8-87D9
          Sequence location
          FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
          Cytogenetic map
          Evidence for location
          87D8-87D9
          Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}Vha55j2E9 and P{PZ}CtBP03463
          Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
          Cytogenetic map
          Notes
          References
          87D6-87D14
          (determined by in situ hybridisation)
          (Deak, 1999.12.22, Deak et al., 1997)
          87D-87D
          (Parkhurst, 1998.3.2)
          87D7-87D9
          (determined by in situ hybridisation)
          (Spradling et al., 1999, Perrimon et al., 1996)
          87D5-87D9
          (determined by in situ hybridisation)
          (Poortinga et al., 1998)
          87D7-87D9
          (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
          Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
          Location

          3-53

          (FlyBase, 2016)

          3-50.4

          (Comeron et al., 2012)
          Left of (cM)
          Right of (cM)
          Notes
          Stocks and Reagents
          Stocks (28)
          Genomic Clones (20)
          cDNA Clones (240)
           

          Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

          cDNA clones, fully sequenced
          BDGP DGC clones
          Other clones
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

          For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

          cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
          BDGP DGC clones
          Other clones
          RNAi and Array Information
          Linkouts
          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
          Antibody Information
          Laboratory Generated Antibodies
           

          polyclonal

          (Bi et al., 2022, Payankaulam and Arnosti, 2009)
          Commercially Available Antibodies
           
          Cell Line Information
          Publicly Available Cell Lines
           
            Other Stable Cell Lines
             
            Other Comments

            DNA-protein interactions: genome-wide binding profile assayed for CtBP protein in Kc167 cells; see Chromatin_types_NKI collection report. Individual protein-binding experiments listed under "Samples" at GEO_GSE22069 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE22069).

            (Filion et al., 2010)

            Upon wg signalling, the CtBP product exhibits transcription coactivator activity, which is dependent upon at least the arm protein. In the absence of wg signalling, the CtBP product exhibits transcription repressor activity.

            (Fang et al., 2006)

            dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene has been transfected into Kc cells.

            (Fang et al., 2006)

            dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene used in a cell-based RNAi assay to identify components or modifiers of the JAK/STAT pathway.

            (Mukherjee et al., 2006)

            CtBP contributes quantitatively, rather than qualitatively, to transcriptional repression.

            (Struffi et al., 2004)

            The brk co-repressors gro and CtBP are alternately used for repressing some dpp-responsive genes, whereas for repressing other, distinct, target genes they are not required.

            (Hasson et al., 2001)

            CtBP can function as either a co-activator or co-repressor of transcription in a context-dependent manner. The regions of CtBP required for activation and repression are separable.

            (Phippen et al., 2000)

            CtBP and gro repressors mediate separate pathways of transcriptional repression, and the two proteins can inhibit one another when both bind the same repressor.

            (Zhang and Levine, 1999)

            CtBP mediates transcriptional repression by the kni, Kr and sna products in the Drosophila embryo.

            (Nibu et al., 1998)

            In vitro binding assays, gene dosage studies and transgenic repression assays suggest that CtBP is essential for kni-mediated repression in the early embryo. sna may also require CtBP.

            (Nibu et al., 1998)

            A protein component of h-mediated repression, identified in a yeast interaction screen. CtBP interacts specifically and directly with a small, previously uncharacterised C-terminal region of h.

            (Poortinga et al., 1998)

            Maternal CtBP is essential for proper embryonic segmentation.

            (Poortinga et al., 1998)

            Identification: Enhancer trap screen designed to discover genes involved in the cellular aspects of defense mechanisms, as well as in melanotic tumor formation processes linked to blood cell disregulation.

            (Braun et al., 1997)

            The autosomal "FLP-DFS" technique (using the P{ovoD1-18} P{FRT(whs)} P{hsFLP} chromosomes) has been used to identify the specific maternal effect phenotype for the zygotic lethal mutation.

            (Perrimon et al., 1996)

            CtBP escapers resemble mesB, but without the abdomen effect. Interacts with mesB in transheterozygotes.

            (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)
            Relationship to Other Genes
            Source for database merge of

            Source for merge of: CtBP BcDNA:GH07572

            (Poortinga et al., 1998, FlyBase, 1996-)
            Additional comments

            Source for merge of CtBP BcDNA:GH07572 was a shared cDNA ( date:030728 ).

            (Poortinga et al., 1998, FlyBase, 1996-)
            Nomenclature History
            Source for database identify of
            Nomenclature comments
            Etymology
            Synonyms and Secondary IDs (24)
            Reported As
            Symbol Synonym
            0256/16
            (Deak et al., 1997)
            256/16
            (Deak et al., 1997)
            BcDNA:GH07572
            CG7583
            (Neuert et al., 2017, Hosono et al., 2015, Schertel et al., 2013, Aoki et al., 2012, Müller et al., 2010, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Reddy et al., 2010, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Mohammad et al., 2009, Ni et al., 2008, Molnar et al., 2006)
            CTBP
            (Abed et al., 2018, Filion et al., 2010)
            CtBP
            (He et al., 2025, Jin et al., 2025, Li et al., 2025, Banerjee and Curtiss, 2024, He et al., 2024, Mitchell et al., 2024, Raicu et al., 2024, Klaus et al., 2023, Maier et al., 2023, Tang et al., 2023, Yheskel et al., 2023, Clarembaux-Badell et al., 2022, Ding et al., 2022, Jullien et al., 2022, Pegoraro et al., 2022, Anqueira-González et al., 2021, Evans et al., 2021, Kelleher, 2021, Wu et al., 2021, Carnesecchi et al., 2020, Hung et al., 2020, Nagel et al., 2020, Panta et al., 2020, Parhad et al., 2020, Perez-Gomez et al., 2020, Rust et al., 2020, Vissers et al., 2020, Flint Brodsly et al., 2019, Guo et al., 2019, Guo et al., 2019, Herrera and Bach, 2019, Kim et al., 2019, Shokri et al., 2019, Zirin et al., 2019, Bi et al., 2018, Bischof et al., 2018, Eusebio et al., 2018, Gene Disruption Project members, 2018-, Salazar and Yamamoto, 2018, Tamirisa et al., 2018, Houtz et al., 2017, Hu et al., 2017.6.13, Neuert et al., 2017, Rohde et al., 2017, Shukla et al., 2017, Zehender et al., 2017, Ables et al., 2016, Contreras-Cornejo et al., 2016, Morimoto et al., 2016, Zhang et al., 2016, Chen et al., 2015, Grice et al., 2015, Kang et al., 2015, Kok et al., 2015, Schertel et al., 2015, Ashwal-Fluss et al., 2014, Mannervik, 2014, Miller et al., 2014, Nagel and Preiss, 2014, Voog et al., 2014, Zacharioudaki and Bray, 2014, Czech et al., 2013, Das et al., 2013, Itoh et al., 2013, Mbodj et al., 2013, Moshkin et al., 2013, Schertel et al., 2013, Upadhyai and Campbell, 2013, Wang et al., 2013, Aoki et al., 2012, Domanitskaya and Schüpbach, 2012, Emelyanov et al., 2012, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Rincon-Arano et al., 2012, Technau et al., 2012, Tokusumi et al., 2012, Abruzzi et al., 2011, Bhambhani et al., 2011, Datta et al., 2011, Endo et al., 2011, Kurth et al., 2011, Nagel and Preiss, 2011, Toku et al., 2011, Walrad et al., 2011, Zhang and Arnosti, 2011, Acharya et al., 2010, Basu and Atchison, 2010, Filion et al., 2010, Itasaki and Hoppler, 2010, Müller et al., 2010, Song et al., 2010, van Steensel et al., 2010, Birkholz et al., 2009, Mohammad et al., 2009, Moshkin et al., 2009, Nie et al., 2009, Payankaulam and Arnosti, 2009, Bhambhani et al., 2008, Estella and Mann, 2008, Leatherman and DiNardo, 2008, Maier et al., 2008, Protzer et al., 2008, Qi et al., 2008, Warrior et al., 2008, Akdemir et al., 2007, Bhambhani, 2007.11.5, Burnett et al., 2007, Buszczak et al., 2007, Goodfellow et al., 2007, Maines et al., 2007, Mani-Telang and Arnosti, 2007, Mani-Telang et al., 2007, Nagel et al., 2007, Parrish et al., 2007, Fang et al., 2006, He and Axelrod, 2006, Koelzer and Klein, 2006, Liebl et al., 2006, Mani et al., 2006, Molnar et al., 2006, Mukherjee et al., 2006, Stadeli, 2006, Muller et al., 2005, Nagel et al., 2005, Struffi and Arnosti, 2005, Wong et al., 2005, Hamada and Bienz, 2004, Jafar-Nejad and Bellen, 2004, Sutrias-Grau and Arnosti, 2004, Taylor-Harding et al., 2004, Cowden and Levine, 2003)
            Dm-CtBP
            (Maier et al., 2008)
            EP(3)3528
            (Pena-Rangel et al., 2002)
            G9
            (Manseau et al., 1988, DeLotto and Spierer, 1986, Bossy et al., 1984, Rushlow and Chovnick, 1984, Hall et al., 1983, Spierer et al., 1983, Hilliker et al., 1981)
            RE01030
            (Pena-Rangel et al., 2002)
            RE61183
            (Pena-Rangel et al., 2002)
            ctbp
            (Henarejos-Castillo et al., 2024, Basu and Atchison, 2010, Srinivasan and Atchison, 2004)
            dCtBP
            (Miller et al., 2019, Itoh et al., 2013, Lee et al., 2012, Abed et al., 2011, Nègre et al., 2011, Reddy et al., 2010, Cai and Laughon, 2009, Matyash et al., 2009, Stern et al., 2009, Biryukova and Heitzler, 2008, Biryukova and Heitzler, 2008, Branco et al., 2008, Maier et al., 2008, Yao et al., 2008, Bhambhani et al., 2007, Metzger et al., 2007, Nibu et al., 2007, Stern et al., 2007, Orian, 2006, Nibu, 2005, Anonymous, 2004, Durst and Hiebert, 2004, Fang et al., 2004, Pagans et al., 2004, Taylor-Harding et al., 2004, Chinnadurai, 2003, Driscoll and Gerstbrein, 2003, Nibu and Levine, 2003, Nibu et al., 2003, Subramanian and Chinnadurai, 2003, Badenhorst et al., 2002, Barolo and Posakony, 2002, Barolo et al., 2002, Jennings, 2002, Kumar et al., 2002, Nibu et al., 2002, Rosenberg and Parkhurst, 2002, Saller et al., 2002, Sutrias-Grau and Arnosti, 2002, Wheeler et al., 2002, Zoghbi and Botas, 2002, Arnosti et al., 2001, Corado and Small, 2001, Gergen et al., 2001, Kulkarni and Arnosti, 2001, Molloy et al., 2001, Morel et al., 2001, Nibu and Levine, 2001, Phippen et al., 2001, Rosenberg et al., 2001, Ryu et al., 2001, Sutrias-Grau and Arnosti, 2001, Arnosti et al., 2000, Chen and Courey, 2000, Corado et al., 2000, Fernandez-Funez et al., 2000, Glass and Rosenfeld, 2000, Hemavathy et al., 2000, Keller et al., 2000, Phippen et al., 2000, Wen et al., 2000, Arnosti et al., 1999, Fathke et al., 1999, La Rosee-Borggreve et al., 1999, Mao and Arnosti, 1999, Satijn and Otte, 1999, Zhang and Levine, 1999, Ashraf and Ip, 1998, Nibu, 1998.3.5, Nibu et al., 1998, Nibu et al., 1998, Phippen et al., 1998, Poortinga et al., 1998, Poortinga et al., 1997)
            l(3)03463
            l(3)03464
            l(3)87DE
            (Nagel et al., 2007)
            l(3)87De
            l(3)G9
            (Dutton and Chovnick, 1991, Clark and Chovnick, 1985, Hilliker et al., 1980)
            Name Synonyms
            C-terminal Binding Protein
            (Salazar and Yamamoto, 2018, Young and Marcotte, 2017, Datta et al., 2011, Warrior et al., 2008, Mukherjee et al., 2006, Poortinga et al., 1997)
            C-terminal binding protein
            (Nagel and Preiss, 2014, Zhang and Arnosti, 2011, Stern et al., 2009, Leatherman and DiNardo, 2008, Maier et al., 2008, McGraw et al., 2008, Mani-Telang and Arnosti, 2007, Hamada and Bienz, 2004)
            C-terminal-Binding-Protein
            (Birkholz et al., 2009)
            C-terminal-binding protein
            (Pegoraro et al., 2022, Bhambhani et al., 2011, Branco et al., 2008)
            CtBP
            (Lim and Thiery, 2012)
            Drosophila C-terminal binding protein
            (Lee et al., 2012)
            lethal(3)87De
            Secondary FlyBase IDs
            • FBgn0002353
            • FBgn0010799
            • FBgn0024810
            • FBgn0047318
            Datasets (1)
            Study focus (1)
            Experimental Role
            Project
            Project Type
            Title
            • transgene_used
            FBGSE22069
            Protein profiling reveals five principal chromatin types in Drosophila cells.
            Study result (0)
            Result
            Result Type
            Title
            External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 98 )
            Sequence Crossreferences
            NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
            GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
            GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
            RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
            UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
            UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
            UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
            Other crossreferences
            AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
            DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
            EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
            FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
            FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
            InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
            KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
            MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
            Linkouts
            BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
            Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
            DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
            DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
            Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
            FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
            FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
            Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
            Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
            FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
            iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
            Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
            KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
            MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
            MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
            Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
            SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.
            References (346)