FB2025_01 , released February 20, 2025
Gene: Dmel\Apc2
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Apc2
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Adenomatous polyposis coli 2
Annotation Symbol
CG6193
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0026598
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
19 publicly available
Gene Summary
Adenomatous polyposis coli 2 (Apc2) encodes one of two Drosophila APC family proteins. It is a key negative regulator of Wingless signaling, as a critical component of the destruction complex that phosphorylates beta-catenin and thus targets it for ubiquitination and proteasomal destruction. It is the primary APC family member during embryonic development, and functions redundantly with the product of Apc in adult development. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

dAPC2, E-APC, APC, D-APC2

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
95E6-95E6
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-83
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:24163966..24168264
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (41 terms)
Molecular Function (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables beta-catenin binding
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:arm; FB:FBgn0000117
(Webb et al., 2009, McCartney et al., 1999)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Roberts et al., 2011)
enables molecular adaptor activity
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Mendoza-Topaz et al., 2011)
enables protein binding
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:dia; FB:FBgn0011202
(Webb et al., 2009)
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Kap3; FB:FBgn0028421
(Webb et al., 2009)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables beta-catenin binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000288612
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR009240, InterPro:IPR026818
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
enables microtubule binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000288612
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Biological Process (24 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (18 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in brain development
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Apc; FB:FBgn0015589
(Akong et al., 2002)
involved_in cell adhesion
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Hamada and Bienz, 2002)
involved_in chitin-based embryonic cuticle biosynthetic process
inferred from mutant phenotype
(McCartney et al., 2006)
involved_in chitin-based larval cuticle pattern formation
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Apc; FB:FBgn0015589
(Roberts et al., 2011, Ahmed et al., 2002, Akong et al., 2002)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Ahmed et al., 2002)
involved_in cortical actin cytoskeleton organization
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Zhou et al., 2011)
involved_in establishment or maintenance of microtubule cytoskeleton polarity
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Mattie et al., 2010)
involved_in follicle cell of egg chamber development
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Apc; FB:FBgn0015589
(Dai et al., 2017)
involved_in imaginal disc pattern formation
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Apc; FB:FBgn0015589
(Akong et al., 2002)
involved_in mitotic cytokinesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Lu et al., 2001)
involved_in negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Apc; FB:FBgn0015589
(Kunttas-Tatli et al., 2012, Mendoza-Topaz et al., 2011, Roberts et al., 2011, Ahmed et al., 2002, Akong et al., 2002)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Croy et al., 2016, Kunttas-Tatli et al., 2015, Pronobis et al., 2015, Yamulla et al., 2014, Roberts et al., 2012, Ahmed et al., 2002)
inferred from direct assay
(Lybrand et al., 2019)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:wg; FB:FBgn0284084
(McCartney et al., 1999)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:arm; FB:FBgn0000117
(Hayden et al., 2007)
involved_in negative regulation of signal transduction
inferred from mutant phenotype
(McCartney et al., 1999)
involved_in nervous system development
inferred from direct assay
(McCartney et al., 1999)
involved_in neuroblast proliferation
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Apc; FB:FBgn0015589
(Akong et al., 2002)
involved_in oocyte localization involved in germarium-derived egg chamber formation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Hamada and Bienz, 2002)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Apc; FB:FBgn0015589
(Hamada and Bienz, 2002)
involved_in positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Roberts et al., 2011)
involved_in pseudocleavage involved in syncytial blastoderm formation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Zhou et al., 2011, Webb et al., 2009)
involved_in segment polarity determination
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Kunttas-Tatli et al., 2015)
involved_in syncytial nuclear migration
inferred from mutant phenotype
(McCartney et al., 2006)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (8 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in cell fate specification
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000288612
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in cell migration
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000288612
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000288612
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in negative regulation of microtubule depolymerization
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000288612
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR026818
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
involved_in nervous system development
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000288612
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in pattern specification process
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000288612
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in Wnt signaling pathway
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR009223, InterPro:IPR009240
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Cellular Component (13 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (11 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
colocalizes_with actin filament
inferred from direct assay
(Webb et al., 2009)
located_in apical cortex
inferred from direct assay
(Akong et al., 2002)
located_in basal cortex
inferred from direct assay
(Komori et al., 2014)
part_of beta-catenin destruction complex
inferred from direct assay
(Schaefer et al., 2020, Lybrand et al., 2019, Mendoza-Topaz et al., 2011)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Apc; FB:FBgn0015589
(Kunttas-Tatli et al., 2012)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Kunttas-Tatli et al., 2015)
located_in cell cortex
inferred from direct assay
(Komori et al., 2014, McCartney et al., 2006, Ahmed et al., 2002, Akong et al., 2002)
located_in cleavage furrow
inferred from direct assay
(Akong et al., 2002)
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Komori et al., 2014, Roberts et al., 2011, Ahmed et al., 2002)
is_active_in cytosol
inferred from direct assay
(Croy et al., 2016)
located_in cytosol
inferred from direct assay
(Lybrand et al., 2019)
located_in dendrite
inferred from direct assay
(Rolls et al., 2007)
located_in neuronal cell body
inferred from direct assay
(Rolls et al., 2007)
part_of protein-containing complex
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:dia; FB:FBgn0011202
(Webb et al., 2009)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of beta-catenin destruction complex
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000288612
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
part_of catenin complex
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000288612
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
colocalizes_with cytoplasmic microtubule
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000288612
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Pathway (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Adenomatous polyposis coli 2 (Apc2) encodes one of two Drosophila APC family proteins. It is a key negative regulator of Wingless signaling, as a critical component of the destruction complex that phosphorylates beta-catenin and thus targets it for ubiquitination and proteasomal destruction. It is the primary APC family member during embryonic development, and functions redundantly with the product of Apc in adult development. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07]
Pathway (FlyBase)
Negative Regulators of Wnt-TCF Signaling Pathway -
Negative regulators of Wnt-TCF (canonical Wnt) signaling down-regulate the pathway, resulting in the attenuation of transcriptional regulation mediated by β-catenin (arm).
Gene Group (FlyBase)
BETA CATENIN DESTRUCTION COMPLEX APC2 VARIANT -
The β-catenin destruction complex is a cytoplasmic protein complex that phosphorylates β-catenin, targeting it for ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. In the absence of Wnt signaling, the β-catenin destruction complex constitutively suppresses the canonical Wnt signaling pathway by preventing the accumulation of cytoplasmic β-catenin (arm). (Adapted from FBrf0217546).
Summary (Interactive Fly)

signaling protein in Wingless pathway and affects cytoskeletal regulation - a component of the destruction complex that phosphorylates β-catenin and thus targets it for ubiquitination and proteasomal destruction

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
3
Number of Unique Polypeptides
2

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Apc2 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9Y1T2)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.47

Supported by strand-specific RNA-Seq data.

Antisense (in part): overlaps CG5510 on opposite strand.

Gene model reviewed during 6.09

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Apc2-RA
FBtr0084552
NM_058082
3538
1067
Apc2-RB
FBtr0445404
NM_001347814
3979
1047
Apc2-RC
FBtr0445405
NM_001347815
4039
1067
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Apc2-PA
FBpp0083937
116.7
1067
5.67
Q9Y1T2
NP_477430
AAF56249
Apc2-PB
FBpp0401578
114.3
1047
5.60
NP_001334698
API64942
Apc2-PC
FBpp0401579
116.7
1067
5.67
Q9Y1T2
NP_001334699
API64943
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

1067 aa isoforms: Apc2-PA, Apc2-PC
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Apc2 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.05

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
organism | ubiquitous
(Hamada et al., 1999)
embryonic stage 1 -- 5
organism | ubiquitous | uniform
(Hamada et al., 1999)
larval stage
imaginal disc
(Hamada et al., 1999)
wing disc
(Hamada et al., 1999)
leg disc
(Hamada et al., 1999)
eye-antennal disc
(Hamada et al., 1999)
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage -- adult stage
organism
(Hamada et al., 1999)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
distribution deduced from reporter or direct label
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
oogenesis
germline stem cell

Comment: at the cap cell niche interface

(Lu et al., 2012)
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
mesoderm
(Yu and Bienz, 1999)
endoderm
(Yu and Bienz, 1999)
larval ventral nerve cord
(Yu and Bienz, 1999)
mitotic domain
(McCartney et al., 1999)
embryonic epidermis
(McCartney et al., 1999)
embryonic hindgut
(McCartney et al., 1999)
embryonic hindgut
(McCartney et al., 1999)
epithelial cell
(McCartney et al., 1999)
epithelial cell
(McCartney et al., 1999)
embryonic stage 4
embryonic cortex
(Yu and Bienz, 1999)
embryonic stage 4 -- 5
embryonic cortex
(Yu et al., 1999)
embryonic cycle 10 -- embryonic cycle 13
organism
(McCartney et al., 1999)
embryonic cycle 12
organism
(McCartney et al., 1999)
embryonic stage 5 -- 6
cell
(McCartney et al., 1999)
embryonic stage 5 -- 16
epithelium
(Yu et al., 1999)
embryonic stage 5 -- third instar larval stage
cell
(Yu and Bienz, 1999)
embryonic stage 15
denticle field anlage
(McCartney et al., 1999)
larval stage
imaginal disc
(McCartney et al., 1999)
imaginal disc
(McCartney et al., 1999)
third instar larval stage
salivary gland
(Yu and Bienz, 1999)
embryonic/larval copper cell
(Yu and Bienz, 1999)
imaginal disc
(Yu and Bienz, 1999)
wing disc | punctate
(Yu and Bienz, 1999)
eye disc posterior to the morphogenetic furrow
(Yu and Bienz, 1999)
eye disc anterior to the morphogenetic furrow
(Yu and Bienz, 1999)
larval brain | restricted

Comment: dividing cells

(McCartney et al., 1999)
inner proliferation zone | restricted

Comment: dividing cells

(McCartney et al., 1999)
larval outer optic anlage | restricted

Comment: dividing cells

(McCartney et al., 1999)
neuroblast
(McCartney et al., 1999)
midline glial cell
(McCartney et al., 1999)
spermatogenesis & adult stage | male
male germline stem cell
(Srinivasan et al., 2012)
Additional Descriptive Data

Apc2 protein was localized to the germline stem cell - cap cell niche interface.

(Lu et al., 2012)

Apc2 localizes to the surface of male germline stem cells facing the hub.

(Srinivasan et al., 2012)

Apc2 protein is expressed in all embryonic cells, and at low levels in most larval tissues. In syncyctial blastoderms, Apc2 protein is localized to cortical actin caps that lie above each nucleus; costaining with antibodies to tubulin indicates at Apc2 protein does not bind direction to microtubules. As embryos cellularize, Apc2 protein delocalizes from the actin caps to become associated with membranes.

(Yu and Bienz, 1999)

Apc2 protein is localized to the apical plasma membrane in the newly formed epithelium of celluarizing embryos.

(Yu et al., 1999)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
colocalizes_with actin filament
inferred from direct assay
(Webb et al., 2009)
located_in apical cortex
inferred from direct assay
(Akong et al., 2002)
located_in basal cortex
inferred from direct assay
(Komori et al., 2014)
part_of beta-catenin destruction complex
inferred from direct assay
(Schaefer et al., 2020, Lybrand et al., 2019, Mendoza-Topaz et al., 2011)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Apc; FB:FBgn0015589
(Kunttas-Tatli et al., 2012)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Kunttas-Tatli et al., 2015)
located_in cell cortex
inferred from direct assay
(Komori et al., 2014, McCartney et al., 2006, Ahmed et al., 2002, Akong et al., 2002)
located_in cleavage furrow
inferred from direct assay
(Akong et al., 2002)
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Komori et al., 2014, Roberts et al., 2011, Ahmed et al., 2002)
is_active_in cytosol
inferred from direct assay
(Croy et al., 2016)
located_in cytosol
inferred from direct assay
(Lybrand et al., 2019)
located_in dendrite
inferred from direct assay
(Rolls et al., 2007)
located_in neuronal cell body
inferred from direct assay
(Rolls et al., 2007)
part_of protein-containing complex
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:dia; FB:FBgn0011202
(Webb et al., 2009)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Apc2 in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 18 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 62 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Apc2
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Apc2
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 4 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal | maternal effect | recessive
lethal | maternal effect | recessive | heat sensitive
lethal | recessive | rescuable maternal effect | heat sensitive
lethal - all die during embryonic stage
lethal - all die during embryonic stage (with Apc2Armrepeatsonly.EGFP)
lethal - all die during embryonic stage (with Apc2g10)
lethal - all die during embryonic stage | germline clone
lethal - all die during embryonic stage | maternal effect (with Df(3R)w6)
lethal - all die during embryonic stage | maternal effect | recessive
lethal - all die during embryonic stage | non-rescuable maternal effect | heat sensitive
lethal - all die during embryonic stage | parental effect
lethal - all die during embryonic stage | recessive | rescuable maternal effect
lethal - all die during embryonic stage | rescuable maternal effect
lethal - all die during embryonic stage | rescuable maternal effect | heat sensitive
partially lethal - majority live | embryonic stage (with Apc2g10)
partially lethal - majority live | embryonic stage (with Apc2ΔArmRepeats.EGFP)
viable
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable, with Scer\GAL4pros.PMG
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
Sterility
Allele
sterile (with Apc2N175K)
sterile (with Apc2ΔS)
sterile | recessive
Other Phenotypes
Allele
increased mortality during development
some die during embryonic stage
some die during embryonic stage (with Apc2Armrepeatsonly.EGFP)
some die during embryonic stage (with Apc2g10)
some die during embryonic stage | germline clone
some die during embryonic stage | maternal effect (with Df(3R)w6)
some die during embryonic stage | non-rescuable maternal effect | heat sensitive
some die during embryonic stage | recessive | maternal effect | recessive
some die during embryonic stage | rescuable maternal effect
some die during embryonic stage | rescuable maternal effect | heat sensitive
visible | recessive
wild-type
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
abdominal lateral oblique muscle 1 founder cell
abdominal ventral acute muscle 1 founder cell | increased number
abdominal ventral acute muscle 2 founder cell | increased number
abdominal ventral acute muscle 3 founder cell | increased number
abdominal ventral transverse muscle 1 founder cell
actin filament | embryonic stage 4 | germline clone
chaeta
cortical actin cytoskeleton
denticle
denticle | heat sensitive
denticle | increased number, with Scer\GAL4da.G32
dorsal fine hair | heat sensitive
egg chamber
embryo | embryonic stage 4 | germline clone
embryonic/first instar larval cuticle
embryonic/first instar larval cuticle | heat sensitive
embryonic/first instar larval cuticle | maternal effect
embryonic/first instar larval cuticle | maternal effect (with Df(3R)w6)
embryonic/first instar larval cuticle | maternal effect | heat sensitive
embryonic/larval cuticle
embryonic/larval cuticle | embryonic stage
furrow canal | embryonic stage 4 | maternal effect
hub cell
male germline stem cell & centrosome (with Apc2d40)
male germline stem cell & centrosome (with Apc2ΔS)
male germline stem cell & spindle (with Apc2d40)
male germline stem cell & spindle (with Apc2ΔS)
male germline stem cell | increased number
nucleus | embryonic stage 4 | germline clone
nurse cell
nurse cell & plasma membrane
ommatidium
oocyte
organism | embryonic stage 4
plasma membrane
spindle | embryonic stage 4 | germline clone
spot adherens junction
ventral denticle belt
ventral denticle belt, with Scer\GAL4da.G32
ventral denticle belt | maternal effect
ventral denticle belt | maternal effect | heat sensitive
wing vein
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (11)
Hsap\APC2
9 of 14
Yes
No
Hsap\APC
8 of 14
No
No
2  
Hsap\ARVCF
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CTNNB1
1 of 14
No
No
2  
Hsap\CTNND1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CTNND2
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\JUP
1 of 14
No
No
4  
Hsap\PKP1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\PKP2
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\PKP3
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\PKP4
1 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (10)
Rnor\Apc2
9 of 14
Yes
No
Rnor\Apc
8 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Arvcf
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Ctnnb1
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Ctnnd1
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Ctnnd2
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Pkp1
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Pkp2
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Pkp3
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Pkp4
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (10)
Mmus\Apc2
9 of 14
Yes
No
Mmus\Apc
8 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Arvcf
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Ctnnb1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Ctnnd1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Ctnnd2
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Pkp1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Pkp2
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Pkp3
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Pkp4
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (4)
Xtro\apc2
6 of 13
Yes
No
Xtro\apc
6 of 13
Yes
No
Xtro\ctnnd2
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\mrps14
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (16)
Drer\apc2
9 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\apc
7 of 14
No
No
Drer\arvcfa
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\arvcfb
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\ctnnb1
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\ctnnb2
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\ctnnd1
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\ctnnd2a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\ctnnd2b
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\jupa
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\pkp1b
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\pkp1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\pkp2
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\pkp3a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\pkp3b
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\pkp4
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (2)
Cele\apr-1
5 of 14
Yes
Yes
Cele\jac-1
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (3)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP000048
5 of 12
Yes
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP011273
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\ARM_ANOGA
1 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (2)
Atha\ARK3
1 of 13
Yes
No
Atha\PUB39
1 of 13
Yes
Yes
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (1)
Scer\VAC8
1 of 13
Yes
No
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Apc2. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (3)
Apc
8 of 13
arm
1 of 13
p120ctn
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 5 )
Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 2 )
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
Allele
Disease
Interaction
References
Apc2UAS.cUa
ameliorates  Huntington's disease
modeled by Hsap\HTTQ93.ex1.UAS
(Dupont et al., 2012)
Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
Homo sapiens (Human)
Gene name
Score
OMIM
OMIM Phenotype
DO term
Complementation?
Transgene?
APC2; APC regulator of WNT signaling pathway 2
9 of 14
612034
APC; APC regulator of WNT signaling pathway
8 of 14
611731
 
Functional Complementation Data
Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
Interactions
Summary of Physical Interactions
esyN Network Diagram
Show neighbor-neighbor interactions:
Show/hide secondary interactors 
(data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
Select Layout:
Legend:
Protein
RNA
Selected Interactor(s)
Other Interaction Browsers
View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
protein-protein
Physical Interaction
Assay
References
Apc2
anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti tag western blot, two hybrid
(Kunttas-Tatli et al., 2014, Roberts et al., 2012, Zhou et al., 2011)
Apc2 - Apc
colocalization, fluorescence microscopy, inferred by author, two hybrid
(Mattie et al., 2010)
Apc2 - Axn
two hybrid, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, western blot, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, fluorescence microscopy
(Lybrand et al., 2019, Tacchelly-Benites et al., 2018, Croy et al., 2016, Wang et al., 2016, Kunttas-Tatli et al., 2015, Pronobis et al., 2015, Peradziryi et al., 2011, Roberts et al., 2011)
Apc2 - CtBP
pull down, autoradiography, Identification by mass spectrometry
(Hamada and Bienz, 2004)
Apc2 - Hmg-2
experimental knowledge based
(Guruharsha et al., 2011)
Apc2 - Kap3
anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
(Kunttas-Tatli et al., 2014)
Apc2 - Tnks
two hybrid, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, pull down
(Croy et al., 2016)
Apc2 - arm
anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, pull down, autoradiography, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, two hybrid
(Croy et al., 2016, Yamulla et al., 2014, Kunttas-Tatli et al., 2012, Buttrick et al., 2008, Hamada and Bienz, 2004, McCartney et al., 1999, Yu et al., 1999)
Apc2 - dia
anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, pull down, anti tag western blot
(Webb et al., 2009)
Apc2 - sgg
pull down, autoradiography
(Yu et al., 1999)
Apc2 - trbd
anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
(Tran et al., 2008)
Summary of Genetic Interactions
esyN Network Diagram
Show/hide secondary interactors 
(data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
esyN Network Key:
Suppression
Enhancement
Other Interaction Browsers
View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
Apc2
suppressible
Apc::Apc2
(Roberts et al., 2012)
Apc2
suppressible
Apc
(Roberts et al., 2012, Ahmed et al., 2002)
Apc2
enhanceable
Apc
(Roberts et al., 2012, Ahmed et al., 2002, Hamada and Bienz, 2002)
Apc2
enhanceable
ApepP
(Blundon et al., 2016)
Apc2|brat
suppressible
arm
(Komori et al., 2014)
Apc2|Apc
suppressible
Axn
(Mendoza-Topaz et al., 2011, Tolwinski, 2009, Cliffe et al., 2003)
Apc2|Apc
suppressible
bsk
(Suijkerbuijk et al., 2016)
Apc2
enhanceable
dia
(Webb et al., 2009)
Apc2|Apc
suppressible
Diap1
(Suijkerbuijk et al., 2016)
Apc2|Apc
suppressible
Egfr
(Wang et al., 2013)
Apc2|Apc
suppressible
ex
(Suijkerbuijk et al., 2016)
Apc2|Apc
suppressible
hep
(Wang et al., 2013)
Apc2|Apc
suppressible
hpo
(Suijkerbuijk et al., 2016)
Apc2|Apc
suppressible
kug
(Vien et al., 2024)
Apc2|Apc
suppressible
mys
(Lin et al., 2013)
Apc2|Apc
suppressible
pan
(Wang et al., 2013, Lee et al., 2009)
Apc|Apc2
suppressible
pan
(Lee et al., 2009)
Apc2|Ras85D|Apc
suppressible
pan
(Wang et al., 2013)
Apc2|Apc
suppressible
puc
(Suijkerbuijk et al., 2016)
Apc2|Apc
suppressible
pygo
(Wang et al., 2013)
Apc2|Apc
suppressible
Ras85D
(Wang et al., 2013)
Apc2|Apc
suppressible
sgg
(Wang et al., 2013)
Apc|Apc2
enhanceable
shg
(Wang et al., 2013)
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
Apc
suppressible
Apc2
(Takacs et al., 2008, Takacs et al., 2008, Ahmed et al., 2002)
ApepP
enhanceable
Apc2
(Blundon et al., 2016)
ApepP
suppressible
Apc2
(Blundon et al., 2016)
arm
suppressible
Apc2
(Takacs et al., 2008)
brat
enhanceable
Apc2
(Komori et al., 2014)
brm
suppressible
Apc2
(Tegeder et al., 2019)
chic
suppressible
Apc2
(Shields et al., 2014)
dia
enhanceable
Apc2
(Webb et al., 2009)
egr
suppressible
Apc2
(Zhang et al., 2015)
klu
suppressible
Apc2
(Komori et al., 2014)
kug
suppressible
Apc2|Apc
(Vien et al., 2024)
Mgtor
suppressible
Apc2
(Liu et al., 2015)
wg
suppressible
Apc2
(McCartney et al., 1999)
External Data
Linkouts
BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
Pathways
Class of Gene
Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
Chromosome (arm)
3R
Recombination map
3-83
Cytogenetic map
95E6-95E6
Sequence location
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Evidence for location
95E6-95E6
Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}Syx1A06737&P{PZ}Syx1A10660 and P{PZ}crb07207&P{PZ}BRWD305842
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Notes
References
95F-95F
(Yu, 1998.12.14)
95E-95F
(Hamada et al., 1999)
95F1-95F2
(determined by in situ hybridisation)
(McCartney et al., 1999)
95E-95E
(Ahmed, 1999.3.12)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location

3-83

(FlyBase, 2016)

3-82.7

(Comeron et al., 2012)
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Stocks and Reagents
Stocks (19)
Genomic Clones (20)
cDNA Clones (137)
 

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones
Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones
RNAi and Array Information
Linkouts
DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
Antibody Information
Laboratory Generated Antibodies
 

polyclonal

(McCartney et al., 1999, Yu and Bienz, 1999)
Commercially Available Antibodies
 
Cell Line Information
Publicly Available Cell Lines
 
    Other Stable Cell Lines
     
      Other Comments

      Apc and Apc2 are required in intestinal stem cells in the adult midgut to regulate proliferation.

      (Lee et al., 2009)

      dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene.

      (Mosimann et al., 2006)

      dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology.

      (Kiger et al., 2003)

      Apc2 is a negative regulator of wg signaling in the embryonic epidermis.

      (McCartney et al., 1999)

      Identification: Isolated in a yeast two hybrid screen that used arm protein as the bait.

      (Yu et al., 1999)

      Interference with Apc2 function causes phenotypes like those of sgg mutants.

      (Yu et al., 1999)
      Relationship to Other Genes
      Source for database merge of
      Additional comments
      Nomenclature History
      Source for database identify of

      Source for identity of: Apc2 CG6193

      (Kodira, 1999.11)
      Nomenclature comments
      Etymology
      Synonyms and Secondary IDs (20)
      Reported As
      Symbol Synonym
      APC
      (Kim and Jain, 2020, Perez-Moreno et al., 2003, McNally, 2001)
      APC2
      (Ngo et al., 2020, Jiang et al., 2019, Lybrand et al., 2019, Moreno-Moreno et al., 2019, Molinar-Inglis et al., 2018, Ocorr et al., 2017, Pronobis et al., 2017, Croy et al., 2016, Suijkerbuijk et al., 2016, Beaven et al., 2015, Kunttas-Tatli et al., 2015, Pronobis et al., 2015, Kunttas-Tatli et al., 2014, Shields et al., 2014, Yamulla et al., 2014, Gross et al., 2013, Poulton et al., 2013, Wang et al., 2013, Dupont et al., 2012, Kunttas-Tatli et al., 2012, Peng et al., 2012, Roberts et al., 2012, Roberts et al., 2012, Ouyang et al., 2011, Peradziryi et al., 2011, Roberts et al., 2011, Zhou et al., 2011, Kazgan et al., 2010, Zimmerman et al., 2010, Sheng et al., 2009, Viquez et al., 2009, Webb et al., 2009, Buttrick et al., 2008, Lin, 2008, Lu et al., 2008, Rusan et al., 2008, Zhou et al., 2008, Zimmerman et al., 2008, Bakal et al., 2007, Fuller and Spradling, 2007, Hayden et al., 2007, Webb et al., 2007, Zhou et al., 2007, Zimmerman et al., 2007, He and Axelrod, 2006, McCartney et al., 2006, Mosimann et al., 2006, Nystul and Spradling, 2006, Price et al., 2006, Zimmerman et al., 2006, Xi et al., 2005, Roegiers and Jan, 2004, McCartney and Peifer, 2003, Subramanian et al., 2003, Akong et al., 2002, Akong et al., 2002, McEwen and Peifer, 2001)
      Apc2
      (Pfefferkorn et al., 2024, Parisi et al., 2023, Zhang and Edgar, 2022, Adams et al., 2021, Connacher and Goldstrohm, 2021, Ngo et al., 2020, Port et al., 2020, Weiner et al., 2020, Campbell et al., 2019, Nelson et al., 2019, Tian et al., 2019, Arbeille and Bashaw, 2018, Billmann et al., 2018, Dawson et al., 2018, Gene Disruption Project members, 2018-, Tacchelly-Benites et al., 2018, Tian et al., 2018, Waghmare and Page-McCaw, 2018, Arnal et al., 2017, Dai et al., 2017, Rahman et al., 2017, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Hudry et al., 2016, Morimoto et al., 2016, Sarov et al., 2016, Tian et al., 2016, Wang et al., 2016, Wang et al., 2016, Weiner et al., 2016, Beaven et al., 2015, Dorn and Dorn, 2015, Liu et al., 2015, Venkei and Yamashita, 2015, Zhang et al., 2015, Belozerov et al., 2014, Komori et al., 2014, Martorell et al., 2014, Martorell et al., 2014, Nguyen et al., 2014, Shields et al., 2014, Zhang et al., 2014, Lin et al., 2013, Schertel et al., 2013, Shim et al., 2013, Cordero et al., 2012, Lu et al., 2012, Matunis et al., 2012, Srinivasan et al., 2012, Benchabane et al., 2011, Muñoz-Descalzo et al., 2011, Rolls, 2011, Toku et al., 2011, Cao et al., 2010, Inaba et al., 2010, Mattie et al., 2010, Pospisilik et al., 2010, Stone et al., 2010, Yamashita et al., 2010, Cordero et al., 2009, Lee et al., 2009, Webb et al., 2009, Benchabane et al., 2008, Takacs et al., 2008, Takacs et al., 2008, Weaver and Krasnow, 2008, Yang et al., 2008, Bakal et al., 2007, Cao et al., 2007, Hueber et al., 2007, Rolls et al., 2007, Yamashita et al., 2005, Ahmed et al., 2002)
      CG6193
      (Schertel et al., 2013, Kunttas-Tatli et al., 2012, Ni et al., 2011.7.19, Zhou et al., 2011, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009, Goldstein and Gunawardena, 2000)
      D-APC2
      (Siegfried and Steitz, 2000, Wharton et al., 2000, Ahmed et al., 1999)
      Dm APC2
      (Konikoff et al., 2010)
      E-APC
      (Tran et al., 2008, Cliffe et al., 2004, He, 2003, Perez-Moreno et al., 2003, Barth and Nelson, 2002, Bienz, 2002, Hamada and Bienz, 2002, Bienz, 2001, Lu et al., 2001, Tepass et al., 2001, Bienz and Clevers, 2000, Ferkey and Kimelman, 2000, Rosin-Arbesfeld et al., 2000, Seidensticker and Behrens, 2000, Townsley and Bienz, 2000, Bienz, 1999, Hamada et al., 1999, Wells, 1999, Yu and Bienz, 1999, Yu et al., 1999, Yu, 1998.12.14)
      E-APC dAPC2
      (Bienz and Hamada, 2004)
      apc2
      (Ashour et al., 2023, Jiang et al., 2022, Zipper et al., 2022, Ramanujam et al., 2021, Melamed and Kalderon, 2020, Popow et al., 2019, Hirabayashi, 2016, Reim et al., 2014, Cheng et al., 2011, Tolwinski, 2009, Yamashita and Fuller, 2008, Yamashita et al., 2005, Tolwinski and Wieschaus, 2004, Yamashita et al., 2004, Yamashita et al., 2003, Yamashita et al., 2003)
      d-APC2
      (Hamada et al., 1999)
      dAPC2
      (Quijano et al., 2010, Cox and Baylies, 2005, Cliffe et al., 2004, Delon et al., 2003, Humbert et al., 2003, Akong et al., 2002, Bienz, 2002, Gonczy, 2002, Kramps et al., 2002, Ostrowski et al., 2002, Akong et al., 2001, McCartney et al., 2001, Price et al., 2001, Tepass et al., 2001, McCartney et al., 2000, Peifer and Polakis, 2000, Townsley and Bienz, 2000, McCartney et al., 1999, McCartney et al., 1999, Roose and Clevers, 1999, Wells, 1999, Kirkpatrick, 1998.9.11)
      dAPC2/E-APC
      (Mimori-Kiyosue and Tsukita, 2001)
      dApc2
      (Mieszczanek et al., 2008, Bienz and Clevers, 2000, van Es et al., 1999, van Es et al., 1999)
      dapc2
      (De Graeve et al., 2012)
      e-apc
      (Mendoza-Topaz et al., 2011)
      Name Synonyms
      Adenomatous Polyposis Coli 2
      (Matunis et al., 2012, Sheng et al., 2009)
      Adenomatous polyposis coli 2
      (Waghmare and Page-McCaw, 2018, Yamashita and Fuller, 2008)
      Adenomatous polyposis coli tumor suppressor homolog 2
      Epithelial Adenomatous Polyposis Coli
      adenomatous polyposis coli 2
      (Poulton et al., 2013, Lin, 2008)
      Secondary FlyBase IDs
        Datasets (0)
        Study focus (0)
        Experimental Role
        Project
        Project Type
        Title
        Study result (0)
        Result
        Result Type
        Title
        External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 67 )
        Sequence Crossreferences
        NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
        GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
        GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
        RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
        UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
        UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
        Other crossreferences
        AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
        DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
        EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
        FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
        FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
        InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
        KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
        MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
        Linkouts
        BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
        FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
        FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
        Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
        Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
        iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
        Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
        KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
        MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
        SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.
        References (273)