FB2025_05 , released December 11, 2025
Gene: Dmel\δCOP
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\δCOP
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Coat Protein (coatomer) δ
Annotation Symbol
CG14813
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0028969
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
11 publicly available
Gene Summary
Coat Protein (coatomer) δ (δCOP) mutants show narrow tracheal tubes due to defective luminal extracellular matrix secretion. [Date last reviewed: 2019-09-26] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

EG:63B12.10 , l(1)G0450, δ-Cop, l(1)G0051, l(1)G0301

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
2B12-2B13
Sequence location
Recombination map
1-0.2
RefSeq locus
NC_004354 REGION:1859141..1861790
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (8 terms)
Molecular Function (0 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Biological Process (7 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in larval salivary gland morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Jayaram et al., 2008)
involved_in protein secretion
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Jayaram et al., 2008)
involved_in regulation of lipid storage
inferred from direct assay
(Beller et al., 2008)
involved_in regulation of tube diameter, open tracheal system
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Jayaram et al., 2008)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000012805
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in Golgi localization
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000012805
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in retrograde vesicle-mediated transport, Golgi to endoplasmic reticulum
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000012805
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR027059
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Cellular Component (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of COPI vesicle coat
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000012805
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR027059
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Coat Protein (coatomer) δ (δCOP) mutants show narrow tracheal tubes due to defective luminal extracellular matrix secretion. [Date last reviewed: 2019-09-26]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
COAT PROTEIN COMPLEX I -
The Coat Protein Complex I (COPI or coatomer) is responsible for retrograde transport from the Golgi to ER. It is composed of seven subunits: the α, β, δ and γ subunits form the cargo adaptor and the β', ε and ζ form the vesicle cage. (Adapted from PMID:22160157).
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
2
Number of Unique Polypeptides
2

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\δCOP for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9W555)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.46

Gene model reviewed during 5.55

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
δCOP-RA
FBtr0070371
NM_143755
2170
532
δCOP-RB
FBtr0301926
NM_001169171
2167
531
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

1.672 (sequence analysis)

(Mullins et al., 1999)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
δCOP-PA
FBpp0070355
57.9
532
6.09
Q9W555
NP_652012
AAF45673
δCOP-PB
FBpp0291138
57.8
531
6.09
Q7K7G0
NP_001162642
ACZ95179
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

498 (aa)

(Mullins et al., 1999)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\δCOP using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

1.60

Transcript Expression
Polypeptide Expression
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult head
(Aradska et al., 2015)
day 7 of adulthood -- day 49 of adulthood
adult heart
(Cammarato et al., 2011)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\δCOP in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 1-3
  • Stages(s) 7-8
  • Stages(s) 9-10
  • Stages(s) 11-12
  • Stages(s) 13-16
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 5 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 7 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of δCOP
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of δCOP
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 1 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (9)
Hsap\ARCN1
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Hsap\AP1M2
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\AP1S1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\AP1S2
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\AP1S3
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\AP2S1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\AP3S1
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\AP3S2
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\AP4S1
1 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (2)
Rnor\Arcn1
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Ap1m2
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (2)
Mmus\Arcn1
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Ap1m2
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (6)
Xtro\arcn1
11 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\ap1s1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\ap1s3
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\ap3s1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\ap4s1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\clk1
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (5)
Drer\arcn1a
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\arcn1b
13 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\ap1m1
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\ap1m2
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\ap1m3
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (5)
Cele\copd-1
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Cele\aps-1
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\aps-2
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\aps-3
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\unc-101
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (5)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010719
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP001703
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP004283
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP007522
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP011374
1 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (8)
Atha\AT5G05010
13 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\AP19
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT1G10730
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT1G47830
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT2G19790
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT3G50860
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT4G35410
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\HAP13
1 of 13
No
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (5)
Scer\RET2
12 of 13
Yes
Yes
Scer\APM1
1 of 13
No
No
Scer\APS1
1 of 13
No
No
Scer\APS2
1 of 13
No
No
Scer\APS3
1 of 13
No
No
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)
Spom\ret2
7 of 12
Yes
Yes
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:δCOP. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (4)
AP-1μ
1 of 13
AP-1σ
1 of 13
AP-2σ
1 of 13
or
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    ARCN1; archain 1 coat protein complex I subunit delta
    14 of 14
    600820
      Functional Complementation Data
      Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
      Interactions
      Summary of Physical Interactions
      Summary of Genetic Interactions
      Interaction Browsers
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      External Data
      Linkouts
      BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
      MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      Pathways
      Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
      Metabolic Pathways
      FlyBase
      External Links
      External Data
      Linkouts
      Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
      SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.
      Class of Gene
      Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
      Chromosome (arm)
      X
      Recombination map
      1-0.2
      Cytogenetic map
      2B12-2B13
      Sequence location
      FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Evidence for location
      2B12-2B13
      Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}brEP1515 and P{EP}EP1444&P{EP}CG14818EP1190
      Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Notes
      References
      2B7-2B10
      (determined by in situ hybridisation) 2B (determined by in situ hybridisation)
      (Peter et al., 2002)
      2B-2B
      (determined by in situ hybridisation)
      (Schäfer et al., 1999.6.15, Schäfer et al., 1999.12.2, EDGP Project Members, 1994-)
      2A1-2B18
      (Mullins, 1998.12.1)
      2B7-2B1
      (determined by in situ hybridisation)
      (Schäfer et al., 1999.3.29)
      2B10-2B14
      (determined by in situ hybridisation)
      (Louis et al., 1997)
      Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
      Location

      1-0.2

      (FlyBase, 2016, Comeron et al., 2012)
      Left of (cM)
      Right of (cM)
      Notes
      Stocks and Reagents
      Stocks (11)
      Genomic Clones (12)
       

      Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

      cDNA Clones (110)
       

      Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

      cDNA clones, fully sequenced
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

      For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

      cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
      RNAi and Array Information
      Linkouts
      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
      Antibody Information
      Laboratory Generated Antibodies
       
      Commercially Available Antibodies
       
      Cell Line Information
      Publicly Available Cell Lines
       
        Other Stable Cell Lines
         
          Other Comments

          S2 cells treated with dsRNA generated against this gene show reduced phagocytosis of Candida albicans compared to untreated cells.

          (Stroschein-Stevenson et al., 2006)

          dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene was tested in an RNAi screen to identify genes that regulate Ca2+ release.

          (Zhang et al., 2006)

          Identified as a potential component of the hh signalling pathway in a genome-wide RNAi screen. dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed affects the extent of expression of a hh signaling reporter construct in Clone 8 cells.

          (Nybakken et al., 2005)
          Relationship to Other Genes
          Source for database merge of

          Source for merge of: δCOP CG14813

          (Misra, 2000.4.12)

          Source for merge of: δCOP l(1)G0051

          (Benos et al., 2001)

          Source for merge of: δCOP l(1)G0450 l(1)G0301

          (Peter et al., 2002)

          Source for merge of: δCOP EG:63B12.10

          (FlyBase, 1996-)

          Source for merge of: δCOP anon-WO03040301.246

          (FlyBase, 1996-)
          Additional comments

          Source for merge of δCOP EG:63B12.10 was sequence comparison ( date:000202 ).

          (FlyBase, 1996-)

          Source for merge of δCOP anon-WO03040301.246 was sequence comparison ( date:051113 ).

          (FlyBase, 1996-)
          Nomenclature History
          Source for database identify of
          Nomenclature comments
          Etymology
          Synonyms and Secondary IDs (27)
          Reported As
          Symbol Synonym
          63B12S
          (Louis et al., 1997)
          ARCN1
          (Radice et al., 1995)
          Arch
          CG14813
          (Kolkhof et al., 2017, Çiçek et al., 2016, Hosono et al., 2015, Schertel et al., 2013, Christis and Munro, 2012, Cammarato et al., 2011, Blagden et al., 2009, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Ni et al., 2008, Puri et al., 2008, Hollien and Weissman, 2006, Nybakken et al., 2005, Ramet et al., 2002, Benos, 2000.12.13)
          DM63B12S
          (Radice et al., 1995)
          Delta COP
          (Southon et al., 2011)
          DeltaCop
          (Lum et al., 2003)
          EG:63B12.10
          (Benos et al., 2001, Benos, 2000.12.13, Louis et al., 1997, EDGP Project Members, 1994-)
          ESTS:63B12S
          anon-WO03040301.246
          deltaCOP
          (Housden et al., 2017, Luck et al., 2014, Kwon et al., 2013, Schertel et al., 2013, Yamamoto et al., 2013-, Aikin et al., 2012, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Friedman et al., 2011, Friedman et al., 2011, Lindquist et al., 2011, Popodi et al., 2010-, Cherry et al., 2006, Straub et al., 2005, Giot et al., 2003, Greil et al., 2003)
          deltaCop
          (Nybakken, 2014.2.28)
          l(1)G0051
          (Schäfer et al., 1999.3.29)
          l(1)G0301
          (Schäfer et al., 1999.6.15)
          l(1)G0450
          (Schäfer et al., 1999.12.2)
          δ COP
          (Kurshakova et al., 2019)
          δ-COP
          (Bourne et al., 2022)
          δ-Cop
          (Guo et al., 2008, Ramet et al., 2002)
          δ-cop
          (Aggarwal et al., 2022)
          δCOP
          (Zhang et al., 2024, Hodgson et al., 2022, Sechi et al., 2021, Singh et al., 2019, Christis and Munro, 2012, Lindquist et al., 2011, Beller et al., 2008, Jayaram et al., 2008, Puri et al., 2008, Stuart et al., 2007, Stroschein-Stevenson et al., 2006, Zhang et al., 2006, Nybakken et al., 2005)
          δCop
          (Fox et al., 2010, Costello et al., 2009)
          Name Synonyms
          Archain
          COPI δ subunit
          (Neumann et al., 2010)
          Coat Protein (coatomer) δ
          coatomer complex COPI delta-COP subunit
          (Mullins, 1998.12.1)
          delta-coatomer protein
          (Cammarato et al., 2011)
          deltaCOP
          (Hollien and Weissman, 2006)
          δ-coatomer protein
          (Radice et al., 1995)
          Secondary FlyBase IDs
          • FBgn0015013
          • FBgn0020026
          • FBgn0026700
          • FBgn0027227
          • FBgn0029593
          • FBgn0040159
          • FBgn0066816
          Datasets (0)
          Study focus (0)
          Experimental Role
          Project
          Project Type
          Title
          Study result (0)
          Result
          Result Type
          Title
          External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 52 )
          Sequence Crossreferences
          NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
          GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
          GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
          RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
          UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
          UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
          Other crossreferences
          AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
          BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
          DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
          EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
          FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
          FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
          InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
          KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
          MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
          Linkouts
          BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
          DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
          Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
          FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
          FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
          Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
          Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
          FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
          iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
          MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
          Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
          SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.
          References (102)