Dscam, Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule, l(2)43Bc, Drosophila Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule, Neu1
multiple Ig domain protein - acts with other proteins to direct pathfinding of Bolwig's nerve - controls neuronal morphogenesis through spatial regulation of Cdc42 signaling and, subsequently, cytoskeletal remodeling - Dscam1 forms a complex with Robo1 and the N-terminal fragment of Slit to promote the growth of longitudinal axons
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AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.
95 alternative exons are arranged in four clusters.The exon 4, 6, 9, and 17 clusters contain 12, 48, 33, and 2 variable exons, respectively. The exons within each cluster are alternatively spliced in a mutually exclusive manner such that Dscam mRNAs contain only one variable exon from each cluster.
Dscam can potentially encode 38,016 different mRNAs by virtue of alternative splicing. The Dscam gene contains 115 exons, 20 of which are constitutively spliced and 95 of which are alternatively spliced FBrf0139679
Annotated transcripts do not represent all possible combinations of alternative exons.
All variable Dscam exons from GB:AF260530 have been annotated in at least one transcript. Where possible, they have been annotated in a combination found in an mRNA characterized in FBrf0128634 or FBrf0156018. Remaining variable exons 6.11, 6.17, 6.29, 6.31, 6.38, 6.40, 6.41, 9.10, 9.28, and 9.29 have been arbitrarily joined with other variable exons.
Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.
Gene model reviewed during 5.47
Tissue-specific extension of 3' UTRs observed during later stages (FBrf0218523, FBrf0219848); all variants may not be annotated
Variant in sequenced strain: frameshift at 2R:7342645 affects one of the 33 alternative exons for exon 9.
None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.
Homodimer (via extracellular region); alternative splicing produces a potential 19,008 different ectodomains and the majority of these show strong isoform-specific homodimerization (PubMed:15339666, PubMed:17721508, PubMed:17889655, PubMed:18805093, PubMed:27386517). Interacts (via cytoplasmic domain) with dock/dreadlocks (via SH2 and SH3 domains); the interaction is direct and may require Dscam1 to be phosphorylated (PubMed:10892653).
Phosphorylated on tyrosine residues in the intracellular domain (PubMed:10892653, PubMed:12014990). Tyrosine protein kinase Src42A and possibly Src64B are involved in this phosphorylation (PubMed:12014990).
Glycosylation on Asn-53 and Asn-325 is involved in stabilizing dimerization.
Proteolytically processed, probably to generate a secreted form.
The ectodomain consists of 10 Ig-like domains. Ig-like domains 2, 3 and 7 are highly variable in different isoforms due to alternative splicing (PubMed:10892653). Ig-like domains 1-8 are sufficient for homodimerization (PubMed:15339666). Dimerization only occurs when all 3 variable Ig-like domains are identical (PubMed:15339666, PubMed:17889655). Intramolecular interactions between Ig-like domain pairs 1-4, 2-3 and 5-6 cause the ectodomain to adopt an S shape conformation, bringing the variable Ig-like domains 2, 3 and 7 into line to form an interaction surface (PubMed:18805093). During dimerization Ig-like domains 2, 3 and 7 self-interact in a modular fashion with their corresponding domain on the opposite molecule in an antiparallel orientation (PubMed:17721508, PubMed:17889655, PubMed:18805093). The Ig-like domain isoform encoded by exon 9.33 is unable to bind another copy of itself (PubMed:17889655).
The cytoplasmic domain is required to convert the recognition and adhesion of Dscam1 molecules on opposing membranes into a repulsion signal, possibly by recruiting components of signaling pathways involved in actin cytoskeleton regulation.
The 2 PXXP motifs and the polyproline tract are cooperatively involved in the binding of dock/dreadlocks through its SH3 domains (PubMed:10892653). PXXP motif 1 preferentially binds dock SH3 domain 1 (PubMed:10892653). PXXP motif 2 preferentially binds dock SH3 domain 3 (PubMed:10892653). The polyproline tract preferentially binds dock SH3 domain 2 (PubMed:10892653).
The transmembrane domain is encoded by 2 mutually exclusive alternative exons, 17.1 and 17.2 (PubMed:10892653, PubMed:15339648). Isoforms bearing the transmembrane domain encoded by exon 17.1 are targeted to dendrites while those encoded by exon 17.2 are targeted to axons (PubMed:15339648).
Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Dscam1 using the Feature Mapper tool.
The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).
Isoform-specific expression patterns are observed. Alternative exon 4 variants of Dscam1 are expressed at different frequencies in the mushroom body. In class IV dendritic arborizing neurons, the splicing of Dscam1 exon 4 is probabilistic, not deterministic. The frequency of inclusion of particular exon 4 variants is different between cell types, and changes over time.
Dscam is expressed in narrow lateral stripes in the presumptive neurogenic ectoderm.
Dscam1 protein is observed in the axonal portions of the anterior stomatogastric nervous system throughout embryogenesis, and appears at a low level in the more posterior ganglia shortly before hatching.
Dscam is expressed in the youngest fibres found in the core of the 3rd instar larval pedunculus and mushroom body lobes. It is not found on the dendrites (the calyx) or cell bodies of the Kenyon cells.
JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals
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2-56
2-56.4
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Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.
monoclonal
polyclonal
Dscam diversity is essential for neural circuit assembly in the brain. It is crucial for neighbouring neurons to express distinct Dscam isoforms, but the specific identity of the isoforms expressed in an individual neuron is unimportant. Dscam diversity appears to provide each neuron with a unique identity by which it can distinguish its own processes from those of other neurons, and this self-recognition is essential for wiring the brain.
Alternative splicing of Dscam can potentially generate 19,008 distinct extracellular domains containing different combinations of three variable immunoglobulin domains. 95% (more than 18,000) of these isoforms exhibit striking isoform-specific homophilic binding in a high-throughput ELISA-based binding assay. Each of the three variable domains binds to the same variable domain in an opposing isoform.
D.melanogaster immune-competent cells have the potential to express more than 18,000 isoforms of Dscam.
Hemocyte-specific loss of Dscam function impairs the efficiency of phagocytic uptake of bacteria.
Dscam plays an early role in promoting selective fasciculation of young axons in the peduncle of the developing mushroom body.
dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology.
Dscam has a role in mediating formation and guidance of axonal branches in the mushroom body.
Dscam is required in the developing central nervous system for the establishment of axon pathways.
Source for identity of Dscam CG17800 was sequence comparison ( date:000529 ).
Source for identity of: Dscam CG17800
Source for identity of: Dscam1 Dscam