FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\spartin
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\spartin
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
spartin
Annotation Symbol
CG12001
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0037265
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
3 publicly available
Gene Summary
spartin (spartin) encodes a multi-functional protein associated with organelle membranes, including endosomes, lipid droplets, and mitochondria. It participates in cytokinesis, BMP receptor trafficking, lipid droplet turnover, and mitochondrial Ca[2+] homeostasis. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
82C5-82D1
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-47.1
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:4654800..4657985
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (10 terms)
Molecular Function (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables small GTPase binding
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Rab18; FB:FBgn0015794
(Gillingham et al., 2014)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Biological Process (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:wit; FB:FBgn0024179
(Nahm et al., 2013)
involved_in negative regulation of synaptic assembly at neuromuscular junction
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Nahm et al., 2013)
involved_in positive regulation of receptor internalization
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:wit; FB:FBgn0024179
(Nahm et al., 2013)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in cell division
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001078259
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000472066
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Cellular Component (5 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (5 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in early endosome
inferred from direct assay
(Nahm et al., 2013)
located_in mitochondrion
inferred from direct assay
(Ring et al., 2017)
located_in plasma membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Nahm et al., 2013)
located_in presynaptic membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Nahm et al., 2013)
located_in terminal bouton
inferred from direct assay
(Nahm et al., 2013)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in plasma membrane
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000472064
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Pathway (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
spartin (spartin) encodes a multi-functional protein associated with organelle membranes, including endosomes, lipid droplets, and mitochondria. It participates in cytokinesis, BMP receptor trafficking, lipid droplet turnover, and mitochondrial Ca[2+] homeostasis. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
Pathway (FlyBase)
NEGATIVE REGULATORS OF BMP SIGNALING PATHWAY -
Negative regulators of Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling down-regulate the pathway, ultimately resulting in the decreased nuclear activity of the Mad/Med transcription factor complex.
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
During postembryonic development, functions with endocytic adapter Eps-15 in neurons to restrain synaptic growth, by inhibiting BMP signaling, and to control synaptic endocytosis. Required presynaptically for neuromuscular junction (NMJ) neurotransmission. Inhibits neuronal BMP signaling by promoting endocytic internalization and subsequent endosomal trafficking of the BMP receptor wit. In this way, regulates the Fmr1 translational regulator controlling Futsch expression to modulate neuronal microtubule stability, which controls both synaptogenesis and neuronal survival.
(UniProt, Q9VN45)
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
2
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\spartin for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9VN45)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.40

Gene model reviewed during 5.47

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
spartin-RA
FBtr0078861
NM_141228
2130
553
spartin-RB
FBtr0308820
NM_001259981
1962
553
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
spartin-PA
FBpp0078501
59.8
553
4.95
Q9VN45
NP_649485
AAF52106
spartin-PB
FBpp0300977
59.8
553
4.95
Q9VN45
NP_001246910
AFH06229
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

553 aa isoforms: spartin-PA, spartin-PB
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Interacts with Eps-15 (via C-terminal region); the interaction is required for spartin localization to the NMJ presynaptic membrane.

(UniProt, Q9VN45)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\spartin using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

0.54

Transcript Expression
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
third instar larval stage
larval brain
(Nahm et al., 2013)
larval ventral nerve cord
(Nahm et al., 2013)
embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction
(Nahm et al., 2013)
embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction
(Nahm et al., 2013)
S2 cell-line
(Nahm et al., 2013)
S2 cell-line
(Nahm et al., 2013)
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult head
(Aradska et al., 2015)
western blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
third instar larval stage
organism
(Nahm et al., 2013)
Additional Descriptive Data

spartin protein in found in the brain and ventral nerve cord neuropil of third instar larva, co-localising with Syt1. In the larval neuromuscular junction, spartin protein is detected in domains adjacent to active zones and within synaptic boutons, in a punctate distribution which partially co-localises with the early endosome marker Rab5.

(Nahm et al., 2013)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in early endosome
inferred from direct assay
(Nahm et al., 2013)
located_in mitochondrion
inferred from direct assay
(Ring et al., 2017)
located_in plasma membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Nahm et al., 2013)
located_in presynaptic membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Nahm et al., 2013)
located_in terminal bouton
inferred from direct assay
(Nahm et al., 2013)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\spartin in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 2 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 4 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of spartin
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of spartin
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 1 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 1 )
Gene not disrupted in
Df(3R)rpk-Karyβ3
(Tsubouchi et al., 2012)
Inferred from location ( 9 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (1)
Hsap\SPART
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
 
2  
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (1)
Rnor\Spart
10 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (1)
Mmus\Spg20
10 of 14
Yes
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (1)
Xtro\spart
7 of 13
Yes
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (2)
Drer\sparta
10 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\spartb
10 of 14
Yes
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)
Cele\spg-20
10 of 14
Yes
Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP001945
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (6)
Atha\AT4G35985
2 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\AT3G21590
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT3G21600
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT3G51250
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT4G15450
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\ERD7
1 of 13
No
Yes
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:spartin. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
Allele
Disease
Evidence
References
spartin1
model of  Troyer syndrome
CEA
(Nahm et al., 2013)
Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )
Human Ortholog
Disease
Evidence
References
SPART; spartin
model of  Troyer syndrome
IEA
(FlyBase, 2019-)
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
Allele
Disease
Interaction
References
spartin1
model of  Troyer syndrome
is exacerbated by Eps-15e75
(Nahm et al., 2013)
is ameliorated by witA12
(Nahm et al., 2013)
is ameliorated by futschK68
(Nahm et al., 2013)
is exacerbated by Fmr1Δ50M
(Nahm et al., 2013)
is exacerbated by futschEP1419
(Nahm et al., 2013)
is ameliorated by DadUAS.cTa
(Nahm et al., 2013)
Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
Homo sapiens (Human)
Gene name
Score
OMIM
OMIM Phenotype
DO term
Complementation?
Transgene?
SPART; spartin
11 of 14
SPARTIN; SPART
 
Functional Complementation Data
Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
Dmel gene
Ortholog showing functional complementation
Supporting References
spartin
Hsap\SPART
(Nahm et al., 2013)
Interactions
Summary of Physical Interactions
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interaction Browsers
View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
spartin
suppressible
futsch
(Nahm et al., 2013)
spartin
enhanceable
futsch
(Nahm et al., 2013)
spartin
suppressible
wit
(Nahm et al., 2013)
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
futsch
suppressible
spartin
(Nahm et al., 2013)
futsch
enhanceable
spartin
(Nahm et al., 2013)
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
Interacts with Eps-15 (via C-terminal region); the interaction is required for spartin localization to the NMJ presynaptic membrane.
(UniProt, Q9VN45 )
Linkouts
BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
Pathways
Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
Metabolic Pathways
FlyBase
External Links
External Data
Linkouts
KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
Class of Gene
Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
Chromosome (arm)
3R
Recombination map
3-47.1
Cytogenetic map
82C5-82D1
Sequence location
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Evidence for location
82C5-82D1
Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}l(3)0273302733 and P{EP}EP974
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Notes
References
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location

3-47.1

(FlyBase, 2016)

3-44.1

(Comeron et al., 2012)
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Stocks and Reagents
Stocks (3)
Genomic Clones (13)
 

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (23)
 

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones
    Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

    For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

    cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
    RNAi and Array Information
    Linkouts
    DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
    Antibody Information
    Laboratory Generated Antibodies
     

    polyclonal

    (Nahm et al., 2013)
    Commercially Available Antibodies
     
    Cell Line Information
    Publicly Available Cell Lines
     
      Other Stable Cell Lines
       
        Other Comments
        Relationship to Other Genes
        Source for database merge of
        Additional comments
        Nomenclature History
        Source for database identify of

        Source for identity of: spartin CG12001

        (Nahm et al., 2013)
        Nomenclature comments
        Etymology
        Synonyms and Secondary IDs (4)
        Datasets (0)
        Study focus (0)
        Experimental Role
        Project
        Project Type
        Title
        Study result (0)
        Result
        Result Type
        Title
        External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 39 )
        Sequence Crossreferences
        NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
        GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
        GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
        RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
        UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
        UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
        UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
        Other crossreferences
        AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
        BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
        DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
        EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
        FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
        FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
        InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
        KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
        MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
        Linkouts
        BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
        FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
        FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
        Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
        Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
        iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
        KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
        MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        References (36)