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FB2021_04, released August 17, 2021

Gene: Dmel\kuk

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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\kuk
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
kugelkern
Annotation Symbol
CG5175
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0038476
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
7 publicly available
Gene Summary
kugelkern (kuk) encodes a nuclear envelope protein required for nuclear elongation during cellularization. It shares structural and functional similarities to lamins. [Date last reviewed: 2018-11-15] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
89E12-89E12
Sequence location
3R:17,080,244..17,084,781 [+]
Recombination map
3-59
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:17080244..17084781
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
GO Summary Ribbons
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (5 terms)
Molecular Function (0 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Biological Process (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in cell aging
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Brandt et al., 2008)
involved_in cellularization
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Pilot et al., 2006)
involved_in morphogenesis of embryonic epithelium
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Pilot et al., 2006)
involved_in nucleus organization
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Pilot et al., 2006)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Cellular Component (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in nuclear inner membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Pilot et al., 2006)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
    -
    Summaries
    Gene Snapshot
    kugelkern (kuk) encodes a nuclear envelope protein required for nuclear elongation during cellularization. It shares structural and functional similarities to lamins. [Date last reviewed: 2018-11-15]
    Gene Model and Products
    Number of Transcripts
    3
    Number of Unique Polypeptides
    1

    Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\kuk for information on other features

    To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

    Protein Domains (via Pfam)
    Isoform displayed:
    Pfam protein domains
    InterPro name
    classification
    start
    end
    Protein Domains (via SMART)
    Isoform displayed:
    SMART protein domains
    InterPro name
    classification
    start
    end
    Comments on Gene Model

    Annotated transcripts do not represent all supported alternative splices within 5' UTR.

    Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

    Gene model reviewed during 5.49

    Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
    nuclear_gene
    protein_coding_gene
    Transcript Data
    Annotated Transcripts
    Name
    FlyBase ID
    RefSeq ID
    Length (nt)
    Assoc. CDS (aa)
    kuk-RA
    FBtr0083397
    NM_142338
    2231
    570
    kuk-RB
    FBtr0083398
    NM_169745
    2238
    570
    kuk-RC
    FBtr0305987
    NM_001260219
    2200
    570
    Additional Transcript Data and Comments
    Reported size (kB)
    Comments
    External Data
    Crossreferences
    Polypeptide Data
    Annotated Polypeptides
    Name
    FlyBase ID
    Predicted MW (kDa)
    Length (aa)
    Theoretical pI
    RefSeq ID
    GenBank
    kuk-PA
    FBpp0082838
    60.2
    570
    5.11
    NP_650595
    AAN13733
    kuk-PB
    FBpp0082839
    60.2
    570
    5.11
    NP_732204
    AAF55387
    kuk-PC
    FBpp0297129
    60.2
    570
    5.11
    NP_001247148
    AFH06466
    Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

    The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

    570 aa isoforms: kuk-PA, kuk-PB, kuk-PC
    Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
    Reported size (kDa)
    Comments
    External Data
    Crossreferences
    Linkouts
    Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
    Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records
     
    UniProt
    Mapped Features

    Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\kuk using the Feature Mapper tool.

    External Data
    Crossreferences
    Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
    Linkouts
    Expression Data
    Expression Summary Ribbons
    Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.
    For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.
    Transcript Expression
    in situ
    Stage
    Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
    Reference
    embryonic stage
    epithelial cell

    Comment: clustered apical distribution

    (Lecuyer et al., 2007)
    epithelium
    (Lecuyer et al., 2007)
    embryonic stage 1 -- 3
    organism

    Comment: maternally deposited

    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    embryonic stage 1 -- 5
    epithelial cell
    (Lecuyer et al., 2007)
    epithelium
    (Lecuyer et al., 2007)
    embryonic stage 4 -- 6
    organism | intense | ubiquitous
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    embryonic stage 7 -- 8
    antennal anlage

    Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    central brain anlage

    Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    dorsal head epidermis anlage

    Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    visual anlage

    Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    anterior endoderm anlage
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    head mesoderm
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    organism | intense | ubiquitous
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    organism | ubiquitous
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    trunk mesoderm
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    ventral ectoderm
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    embryonic stage 9 -- 10
    antennal primordium

    Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    central brain primordium

    Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    visual primordium

    Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    dorsal head epidermis primordium

    Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    lateral head epidermis primordium

    Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    ventral head epidermis primordium

    Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    organism | intense | ubiquitous
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    organism | ubiquitous
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    trunk mesoderm
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    ventral nerve cord primordium
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    embryonic stage 11 -- 12
    central brain primordium
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    dorsal epidermis primordium
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    embryonic central brain glial cell
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    embryonic central brain neuron
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    embryonic neuroblast of ventral nerve cord primordium
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    lateral cord glial cell
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    lateral cord neuron
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    organism | intense | ubiquitous
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    organism | ubiquitous
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    procephalic neuroblast
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    tracheal primordium
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    ventral nerve cord primordium
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    embryonic stage 13 -- 16
    embryonic brain
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    embryonic/larval nervous system
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    gonad
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    sensory nervous system primordium
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    larval ventral nerve cord
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    median neuroblast MNB interneuron
    (Kearney et al., 2004)
    MP1 neuron
    (Kearney et al., 2004)
    Additional Descriptive Data
    Marker for
     
    Subcellular Localization
    CV Term
    Polypeptide Expression
    immunolocalization
    Stage
    Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
    Reference
    embryonic stage 4
    epithelial cell
    (Lecuyer et al., 2007)
    mass spectroscopy
    Stage
    Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
    Reference
    adult stage
    adult head
    (Aradska et al., 2015)
    Additional Descriptive Data
    Marker for
     
    Subcellular Localization
    CV Term
    Evidence
    References
    located_in nuclear inner membrane
    inferred from direct assay
    (Pilot et al., 2006)
    Expression Deduced from Reporters
    High-Throughput Expression Data
    Associated Tools

    GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

    View Dmel\kuk in GBrowse 2
    RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
    Bulk Downloads
    RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
    Reference
    See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
    Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
    Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
    External Data and Images
    Linkouts
    BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
    DRscDB
    EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas
    FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
    Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
    Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
    Images
    FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
    • Stages(s) 1-3
    • Stages(s) 4-6
    • Stages(s) 7-8
    • Stages(s) 9-10
    • Stages(s) 11-12
    • Stages(s) 13-16
    FlyBase Wiki
    Image Based Resources
    Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
    Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 2 )
    For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
     
    Other relevant insertions
    Transgenic Constructs ( 14 )
    For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
    Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of kuk
    Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of kuk
    Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 4 )
    Inferred from experimentation ( 4 )
    Gene disrupted in
    Df(3R)CG5169-2
    (Brandt, 2006)
    Df(3R)Exel6176
    (Ryder, 2004.4.26)
    Df(3R)kuk15
    (Brandt, 2006)
    Df(3R)kuk24
    (Brandt, 2006)
    Inferred from location ( 0 )
    Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
    Phenotypes
    Orthologs
    Downloads
    Download All DIOPT Orthologs
    Download All OrthoDB Orthologs
    Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
    Homo sapiens (Human) (0)
    No records found.
    Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
    Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (0)
    No records found.
    Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (0)
    No records found.
    Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (0)
    No records found.
    Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (0)
    No records found.
    Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (0)
    No records found.
    Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
    No records found.
    Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
    No records found.
    Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
    No records found.
    Ortholog(s) in Drosophila Species (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG09190GC5 )
    Organism
    Common Name
    Gene
    AAA Syntenic Ortholog
    Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
    Drosophila suzukii
    Spotted wing Drosophila
    Dsuz\DS10_00012839
    Drosophila simulans
    Dsim\GD19137
    Drosophila sechellia
    Dsec\GM15205
    Drosophila erecta
    Dere\GG21984
    Drosophila yakuba
    Dyak\GE24608
    Drosophila ananassae
    Dana\GF23214
    Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura
    Dpse\GA18711
    Drosophila persimilis
    Dper\GL23524
    Drosophila willistoni
    Dwil\GK22739
    Drosophila virilis
    Dvir\GJ14541
    Drosophila mojavensis
    Dmoj\GI22961
    Drosophila grimshawi
    Dgri\GH14452
    Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG09150FBK )
    Organism
    Common Name
    Gene
    Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
    Musca domestica
    House fly
    Mdoa\17010662
    Lucilia cuprina
    Australian sheep blowfly
    Lcup\FF38_05021
    Aedes aegypti
    Yellow fever mosquito
    Aaeg\AAEL010482
    Aedes aegypti
    Yellow fever mosquito
    Aaeg\AAEL014816
    Culex quinquefasciatus
    Southern house mosquito
    Cqui\CPIJ012667
    Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( None identified )
    No non-Dipteran orthologies identified
    Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090X0J8L )
    Organism
    Common Name
    Gene
    Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
    Daphnia pulex
    Water flea
    Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_328726
    Daphnia pulex
    Water flea
    Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_332554
    Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( None identified )
    No non-Arthropod Metazoa orthologies identified
    Paralogs
    Downloads
    Download All DIOPT Paralogs
    Paralogs (via DIOPT v8.0)
    Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (0)
    No records found.
    Human Disease Associations
    FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
      Disease Model Summary Ribbon
      Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
      Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
      Allele
      Disease
      Evidence
      References
      Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
      Human Ortholog
      Disease
      Evidence
      References
      Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
      Allele
      Disease
      Interaction
      References
      Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0 and OMIM)
      Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
      Homo sapiens (Human)
      Gene name
      Score
      OMIM
      OMIM Phenotype
      DO term
      Complementation?
      Transgene?
      Functional Complementation Data
      Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
      Interactions
      Summary of Physical Interactions
      Summary of Genetic Interactions
      esyN Network Diagram
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      External Data
      Linkouts
      BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
      MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      Pathways
      Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
      Metabolic Pathways
      External Data
      Linkouts
      Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
      Chromosome (arm)
      3R
      Recombination map
      3-59
      Cytogenetic map
      89E12-89E12
      Sequence location
      3R:17,080,244..17,084,781 [+]
      FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Evidence for location
      89E12-89E12
      Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}CG5208EP562&P{EP}DadEP3196 and P{PZ}l(3)0788207882
      Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Notes
      References
      Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
      Location

      3-59

      (FlyBase, 2016)

      3-59.2

      (Comeron et al., 2012)
      Left of (cM)
      Right of (cM)
      Notes
      Stocks and Reagents
      Stocks (7)
      Genomic Clones (9)
       

      Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

      cDNA Clones (186)
       

      Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

      cDNA clones, fully sequenced
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

      For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

      cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
      RNAi and Array Information
      Linkouts
      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
      GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
      Antibody Information
      Laboratory Generated Antibodies
       
      Commercially Available Antibodies
       
      Other Information
      Relationship to Other Genes
      Source for database identify of

      Source for identity of: kuk CG5175

      (Großhans, 2005.9.6)
      Source for database merge of
      Additional comments
      Other Comments

      Farnesylation is required for proper nuclear localisation of the kuk product.

      (Pilot et al., 2006)

      In embryos injected with dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene, nuclear morphology and subsequent epithelial organisation is defective. The nuclei elongate normally at the start of cellularisation but fail to maintain this shape and become rounded. This morphology change, together with a disruption of the centrosome-nuclear envelope interaction, cause the nuclei lose their regular apical anchoring and fall from the cortex. These nuclear defects perturb the regular columnar organisation of epithelial cells.

      (Pilot et al., 2006)

      In contrast to wild-type, in kuk deficient embryos, the nuclei remain short until the end of cellularization.

      (Großhans et al., 2005)
      Origin and Etymology
      Discoverer
      Etymology

      kugelkern is German for `round kernel'.

      (Melcer and Gruenbaum, 2006)

      The name "charleston" refers to the phenotype seen during cellularisation in which nuclei perform an abnormal apicobasal 'dancing' movement.

      (Pilot et al., 2006)
      Identification
      External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 36 )
      Sequence Crossreferences
      NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
      GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
      GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
      RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
      UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
      Other crossreferences
      BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
      DRscDB
      EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas
      Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
      Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
      Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
      GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
      KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
      MARRVEL_MODEL
      modMine - A data warehouse for the modENCODE project
      Linkouts
      BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
      FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
      FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
      FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
      MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      Synonyms and Secondary IDs (10)
      Datasets (0)
      Study focus (0)
      Experimental Role
      Project
      Project Type
      Title
      References (61)