FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\lmd

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\lmd

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

lame duck

Annotation Symbol

CG4677

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0039039

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

20 publicly available

Gene Summary

lame duck (lmd) encodes a zinc finger transcription factor expressed in the embryonic somatic and visceral mesoderm, where it is essential for the specification of fusion competent myoblasts and for myoblast fusion. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)

All Summaries

Gene Snapshot
Alliance
Auto summary
Gene Group
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

minc, gfl, myoblasts incompetent, gleeful

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

94D9-94D10

Sequence location

3R:23,021,222..23,026,713 [-]

Recombination map

3-77

RefSeq locus

NT_033777 REGION:23021222..23026713

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (13 terms)

Molecular Function (3 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific

inferred from direct assay

(Duan et al., 2001)

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Duan et al., 2001)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001803442

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

enables RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001803442

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

enables RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR043359

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

Biological Process (8 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (5 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in muscle organ development

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Ruiz-Gomez et al., 2002)

involved_in myoblast fusion

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Shelton et al., 2009, Menon et al., 2005)

involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Duan et al., 2001)

involved_in regulation of hormone levels

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Park et al., 2014)

involved_in somatic muscle development

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Duan et al., 2001, Furlong et al., 2001)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in central nervous system development

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001067772

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN007676384

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN007676384

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR043359

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

Cellular Component (2 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in cytosol

inferred from direct assay

(Duan et al., 2001)

located_in nucleus

inferred from direct assay

(Duan et al., 2001)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

is_active_in nucleus

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001803442

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

located_in nucleus

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR043359

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

C2H2 ZINC FINGER TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS

Protein Family (UniProt)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Summaries

Gene Snapshot

Gene Group (FlyBase)

C2H2 ZINC FINGER TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS -: Zinc finger C2H2 transcription factors are sequence-specific DNA binding proteins that regulate transcription. They possess DNA-binding domains that are formed from repeated Cys₂His₂ zinc finger motifs. (Adapted from PMID:1835093, FBrf0220103 and FBrf0155739).

Summary (Interactive Fly)

zinc finger transcription factor - has an essential regulatory role in the specification and function of fusion-competent myoblasts

Interactive Fly

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\lmd for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry Q962I0)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.48

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

lmd-RB

FBtr0084364

NM_170044

3197

866

lmd-RC

FBtr0337069

NM_001275927

1579

365

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

2 (northern blot)

(Casal and Leptin, 1996)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

lmd-PB

FBpp0083757

96.0

866

5.02

FBpp0307995

39.6

365

8.99

A0A0B4KGM2

NP_001262856

AGB96236

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\lmd using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

lmd_1
lmd_2

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.27

Transcript Expression

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 5 -- 17

mesoderm

(Casal and Leptin, 1996)

embryonic stage 7 -- 8

trunk mesoderm

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 9 -- 10

head mesoderm

(Fisher et al., 2012)

trunk mesoderm

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 11 -- 12

dorsal pharyngeal muscle primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

longitudinal trunk visceral muscle primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

somatic muscle primordium

Comment: reported as muscle system primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

trunk visceral muscle primordium

Comment: reported as muscle system primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

visceral trunk mesoderm | segmentally repeated

(Duan et al., 2001)

embryonic stage 12 -- 13

somatic trunk mesoderm | segmentally repeated

(Duan et al., 2001)

embryonic stage 13 -- 16

dorsal pharyngeal muscle cell

(Fisher et al., 2012)

larval muscle system

(Fisher et al., 2012)

larval somatic muscle cell

(Fisher et al., 2012)

Additional Descriptive Data

(Duan et al., 2001)

Expression is observed in mesodermal tissues starting in late embryonic stages.

(Casal and Leptin, 1996)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

immunolocalization

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 11 -- 12

somatic trunk mesoderm | restricted

(Stute et al., 2004)

visceral trunk mesoderm | restricted

(Stute et al., 2004)

fusion competent cell | subset

(Stute et al., 2004)

visceral trunk mesoderm | segmentally repeated

(Duan et al., 2001)

embryonic stage 12 -- 13

somatic trunk mesoderm | segmentally repeated

(Duan et al., 2001)

fusion competent cell

(Duan et al., 2001)

Additional Descriptive Data

Expression of lmd protein is observed in two bands in the fusion-competent myoblasts of the somatic and visceral mesoderm, a dorsal band corresponding to the fusion-competent myoblasts of the visceral mesoderm and a ventral band corresponding to the fusion-competent myoblasts of the somatic mesoderm.

(Stute et al., 2004)

lmd expression is first observed in the embryo at late stage 11 in repeateing patches of visceral mesoderm. Prominent expression is observed in somatic and visceral mesodermal cells throughout stage 12. By stage 13, low levels are seen in repeating groups of mesodermal cells and visceral mesoderm expression has subsided. lmd expression is gone from somatic mesodermal cells before fusion and is never observed in muscle fibers or in heart progenitors. Co-staining with EcollacZ^kirre-rP298 and Mef2 markers shows that lmd protein is expressed at high levels in fusion-competent myoblasts and is barely detectable or undetectable in founder cells.

(Duan et al., 2001)

Marker for

fusion competent cell

(Stute et al., 2004)

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in cytosol

inferred from direct assay

(Duan et al., 2001)

located_in nucleus

inferred from direct assay

(Duan et al., 2001)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\lmd in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\lmd

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\lmd

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0039039

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

42717/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0039039

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0039039

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0039039

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG4677

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0039039

Images

FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)

Show all FlyExpress processed images for Dmel\lmd

Stages(s) 9-10
Stages(s) 11-12
Stages(s) 13-16

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 5 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 27 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of lmd

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of lmd

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 9 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 9 )

Gene disrupted in

Df(3R)23D1

(Ruiz-Gomez et al., 2002)

Df(3R)EB6

(Ruiz-Gomez et al., 2002)

Df(3R)Exel6193

(Ryder, 2004.4.26)

Df(3R)hh

(Ruiz-Gomez et al., 2002)

Df(3R)hh-GW2

(Ruiz-Gomez et al., 2002)

Df(3R)M95A

(Ruiz-Gomez et al., 2002, Duan et al., 2001)

Gene not disrupted in

Df(3R)5C1

(Ruiz-Gomez et al., 2002)

Df(3R)hhE23

(Ruiz-Gomez et al., 2002)

Df(3R)r90b

(Ruiz-Gomez et al., 2002)

Inferred from location ( 8 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

lethal

lethal, with Scer\GAL4^en-e16E

lmd^UAS.cFa

lethal | male limited, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

lmd^{UAS.ORF.GW.Tag:HA}

lethal | male limited | cold sensitive, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

lmd^{UAS.ORF.GW.Tag:HA}

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

lmd^GD12792

viable, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

lmd^GD12792

viable, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

lmd^GD12792

Other Phenotypes

Allele

visible, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

lmd^GD12792

visible | female limited, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

lmd^{UAS.ORF.GW.Tag:HA}

visible | female limited | cold sensitive, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

lmd^{UAS.ORF.GW.Tag:HA}

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

embryonic/larval midgut longitudinal visceral muscle cell | embryonic stage

lmd^E202

embryonic/larval spiracle | embryonic stage

lmd¹

embryonic midgut chamber

lmd^E202

embryonic midgut constriction | embryonic stage

lmd^E202

embryonic myoblast

lmd^A388

embryonic somatic muscle cell

embryonic somatic muscle cell (with Df(3R)M95A)

lmd¹

embryonic visceral muscle cell

lmd^A388

larval pericardial cell | increased number

lmd¹

larval tracheal system | embryonic stage

lmd¹

larval visceral muscle cell | embryonic stage

lmd^E202

longitudinal trunk visceral muscle primordium

lmd^E202

muscle cell of A1-7 dorsal acute muscle 1 | embryonic stage 15

lmd¹

muscle founder cell | embryonic stage

lmd¹

pharyngeal muscle cell

lmd^A388

presumptive embryonic/larval muscle system

lmd¹

trichogen cell, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

lmd^GD12792

wing | female limited, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

lmd^{UAS.ORF.GW.Tag:HA}

wing | female limited | cold sensitive, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

lmd^{UAS.ORF.GW.Tag:HA}

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (124)

Hsap\GLIS1

5 of 14

Yes

Hsap\GLIS3

5 of 14

Yes

3 of 14

3 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

Yes

Hsap\ZXDB

2 of 14

Yes

Hsap\ZXDC

2 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

Hsap\ZNF316

1 of 14

Hsap\ZNF324B

1 of 14

Hsap\ZNF333

1 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

Hsap\ZNF397

1 of 14

Hsap\ZNF410

1 of 14

Yes

Hsap\ZNF415

1 of 14

Hsap\ZNF417

1 of 14

Hsap\ZNF426

1 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

Hsap\ZNF691

1 of 14

Hsap\ZNF696

1 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

Hsap\ZNF776

1 of 14

Hsap\ZNF780B

1 of 14

Hsap\ZNF785

1 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (55)

Rnor\Glis1

5 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Glis3

4 of 14

Yes

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Zfp367

1 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Zfp410

1 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Zfp523

1 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Zscan5b

1 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Zscan26

1 of 14

Yes

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (71)

Mmus\Glis1

5 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Glis3

5 of 14

Yes

3 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Zxdc

2 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Zfp260

1 of 14

Mmus\Zfp316

1 of 14

Mmus\Zfp367

1 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Zfp410

1 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Zfp426

1 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Zfp523

1 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Zfp563

1 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Zscan20

1 of 14

Mmus\Zscan22

1 of 14

Mmus\Zscan26

1 of 14

Yes

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (53)

Xtro\glis1

4 of 13

Yes

Xtro\glis3

3 of 13

Yes

3 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Yes

Xtro\zic1

1 of 13

Xtro\znf143

1 of 13

Yes

Xtro\znf177

1 of 13

Xtro\znf367

1 of 13

Yes

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Yes

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Yes

Xtro\znf665

1 of 13

Xtro\znf883l

1 of 13

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (63)

Drer\glis3

5 of 14

Yes

Drer\LOC100333406

5 of 14

Yes

Drer\LOC101883139

3 of 14

Yes

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

Drer\LOC100148620

1 of 14

Yes

Drer\LOC100329844

1 of 14

Yes

Drer\LOC100332787

1 of 14

Drer\LOC103910998

1 of 14

Yes

Drer\LOC108183690

1 of 14

Yes

Drer\LOC110437819

1 of 14

Yes

Drer\LOC110438163

1 of 14

Yes

Drer\LOC110439853

1 of 14

Drer\mtf1

1 of 14

Drer\mynn

1 of 14

Drer\si:cabz01054394.6

1 of 14

Yes

Drer\si:ch211-79k12.2

1 of 14

Yes

Drer\si:ch211-117k10.3

1 of 14

Drer\si:ch211-223a21.4

1 of 14

Yes

Drer\si:dkey-262g12.3

1 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

Drer\zgc:173517

1 of 14

Drer\zgc:173577

1 of 14

Yes

Drer\zgc:175107

1 of 14

Drer\znf76

1 of 14

Yes

Drer\znf143a

1 of 14

Yes

Drer\znf143b

1 of 14

Yes

Drer\znf367

1 of 14

Drer\znf410

1 of 14

Yes

Drer\znf526

1 of 14

Yes

Drer\znf668

1 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (5)

Cele\ref-2

3 of 14

Yes

Cele\tra-1

3 of 14

Yes

Cele\ztf-14

2 of 14

Yes

Cele\lst-5

1 of 14

Yes

Cele\zag-1

1 of 14

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (17)

Agam\AgaP_AGAP003885

9 of 12

Yes

3 of 12

2 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

Yes

Agam\AgaP_AGAP011655

1 of 12

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (2)

Scer\ZAP1

2 of 13

Yes

Scer\FZF1

1 of 13

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:lmd. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (21)

sug

5 of 13

4 of 13

opa

3 of 13

Blimp-1

1 of 13

btd

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

jim

1 of 13

Klf15

1 of 13

Kr-h1

1 of 13

MTF-1

1 of 13

pad

1 of 13

phol

1 of 13

Phs

1 of 13

sob

1 of 13

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

diabetes mellitus type 2, susceptibility to (postulated), GLIS3-related

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

lmd^HMS02564

model of type 2 diabetes mellitus

CEA

(Park et al., 2014)

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

GLIS3; GLIS family zinc finger 3

model of neonatal diabetes mellitus with congenital hypothyroidism

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

GLIS1; GLIS family zinc finger 1

5 of 14

610378

GLIS3; GLIS family zinc finger 3

5 of 14

610192

DIABETES MELLITUS, NEONATAL, WITH CONGENITAL HYPOTHYROIDISM; NDH

neonatal diabetes mellitus with congenital hypothyroidism

ZIC4; Zic family zinc finger 4

3 of 14

608948

ZIC5; Zic family zinc finger 5

3 of 14

617896

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

lmd - CG13775

two hybrid array

(Shokri et al., 2019)

lmd - E(spl)mδ-HLH

two hybrid array

(Shokri et al., 2019)

lmd - Irbp18

two hybrid array

(Shokri et al., 2019)

lmd - abd-A

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Baëza et al., 2015)

lmd - toy

two hybrid array

(Shokri et al., 2019)

lmd - vvl

two hybrid array

(Shokri et al., 2019)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

Interaction Browsers

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

External Data

Linkouts

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0039039

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

42717

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

FlyBase

External Links

External Data

Linkouts

Class of Gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

3-77

Cytogenetic map

94D9-94D10

Sequence location

3R:23,021,222..23,026,713 [-]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

94D9-94D10

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}Gclm^L0580 and P{EP}hh^EP3521

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

94D-94D

(Nguyen, 2001.4.15)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

3-77

(FlyBase, 2016)

3-79.3

(Comeron et al., 2012)

(Duan et al., 2001)

Left of (cM)

(Ruiz-Gomez et al., 2002, Duan et al., 2001)

Right of (cM)

(Ruiz-Gomez et al., 2002, Duan et al., 2001)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (20)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

Bloomington

601071

w¹¹¹⁸; P{VT046053-p65.AD}attP40

601176

w¹¹¹⁸; P{VT046052-p65.AD}attP40

74889

w¹¹¹⁸; P{VT046053-GAL4.DBD}attP2

75214

w¹¹¹⁸; P{VT046052-GAL4.DBD}attP2

92379

y¹ w^*; PBac{lmd-GFP.FPTB}VK00037

87257

w¹¹¹⁸; P{VT046052-p65.AD}attP40; P{R33C10-GAL4.DBD}attP2

Korea

12990

P{VT046052-GAL4}attP2

13836

P{VT046053-GAL4}attP2

VDRC

v103821

P{KK107849}VIE-260B

v28376

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD12792}v28376

v318427

PBac{fTRG10244.sfGFP-nlsTTSTF}VK00033

v341865

P{hsFLP}1, y¹ w¹¹¹⁸; P{HD_CFD01052}attP40/CyO-GFP

More stocks available...

Genomic Clones (16)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (95)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

DPiM_LD47926

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0039039

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0039039

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

polyclonal

(Stute et al., 2004)

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

Other Comments

ChEST reveals this is a target of Mef2.

(Junion et al., 2005)

lmd is required for fusion-competent myoblasts to differentiate.

(Ruiz-Gomez et al., 2002)

Fusion-competent myoblasts remain as an immature population of mesodermal cells that cannot contribute to muscle formation in mutant embryos, resulting in a failure to form multinucleate muscles.

(Ruiz-Gomez et al., 2002)

lmd mutant embryos show loss of expression of two key differentiation and fusion genes, Mef2 and sns, in fusion-competent myoblasts and completely lack multinucleate somatic muscle fibres. However, founder cells are specified and retain their capacity to differentiate into mononucleate muscle cells.

(Duan et al., 2001)

lmd is essential for somatic muscle development.

(Furlong et al., 2001, Furlong et al., 2001)

Identification: DNA microarray analysis comparing patterns of transcription between twi⁺ and twi^- embryos.

(Furlong et al., 2001, Furlong et al., 2001)

Isolated from a subtractive cDNA library enriched in sequences expressed in the mesoderm.

(Casal and Leptin, 1996)

A lmd cDNA has been cloned and sequenced. lmd is expressed in the mesoderm.

(Casal and Leptin, 1996)

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Source for merge of: CG4677 anon- EST:CL2d4

(Bayraktaroglu, 2000.11.2)

Additional comments

Source for identity of Lmd CG4677 was sequence comparison ( date:010702 ).

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Source for identity of: Lmd gfl

(Furlong, 2001.9.5)

Source for identity of: Lmd CG4677

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Nomenclature comments

Etymology

The gene is named "myoblasts incompetent" after the mutant phenotype; mutants show a defect in the differentiation of fusion-competent myoblasts (while there is no apparent requirement for the gene in the differentiation of founder myoblasts).

(Ruiz-Gomez et al., 2002)

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (19)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

CG4677

(Bourquard et al., 2023, Hosono et al., 2015, Lin et al., 2015, Haye et al., 2014, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Brody et al., 2002, Furlong, 2001.9.5, Furlong et al., 2001)

(Casal and Leptin, 1996)

LMD

(Potthoff and Olson, 2007)

Lmd

(Drechsler et al., 2018, Nässel and Vanden Broeck, 2016, Baëza et al., 2015, Spletter and Schnorrer, 2014, Sens et al., 2010, Bai et al., 2008, Beckett and Baylies, 2007, Nguyen et al., 2007, Richardson et al., 2007, Sellin et al., 2007, Beckett and Baylies, 2006, Nguyen and Frasch, 2006, Philippakis et al., 2006, Duan and Nguyen, 2004, Nguyen, 2001.4.15)

anon-EST:CL2d4

gfl

(Haye et al., 2014, Xiong and Zhou, 2013, Jia and Huan, 2010, Chen and Olson, 2004, Furlong, 2001.9.5, Furlong et al., 2001)

gfl.Imd

(Bayar et al., 2017)

gfl.lmd

(Ditzler et al., 2019)

lmd

(Pollex et al., 2024, Rujano et al., 2022, Zhu et al., 2021, Cridland et al., 2020, Lee and Chen, 2019, Schultheis et al., 2019, Shokri et al., 2019, Zhou et al., 2019, Wang et al., 2018, Liu et al., 2017, Nie et al., 2017, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Sarov et al., 2016, Vanha-Aho et al., 2016, Monfort and Furlong, 2015.1.15, Nadimpalli et al., 2015, Schertel et al., 2015, Zang et al., 2015, Ciglar et al., 2014, Haye et al., 2014, Kurata, 2014, Park et al., 2014, Rogers et al., 2014, Rudolf et al., 2014, Xu and Cherry, 2014, Bonn et al., 2013, Enuameh et al., 2013, Popichenko et al., 2013, Bonn et al., 2012, Bryantsev et al., 2012, Busser et al., 2012, Duan et al., 2012, Zhou et al., 2012, Zhu et al., 2012, Jin et al., 2011, Weake et al., 2011, Cunha et al., 2010, Jia and Huan, 2010, Liu et al., 2009, Sellin et al., 2009, Shelton et al., 2009, Beckett et al., 2008, Carrasco-Rando and Ruiz-Gómez, 2008, Chen et al., 2007, Drechsler et al., 2007, Duan et al., 2007, Estrada et al., 2007, Jakobsen et al., 2007, Johnson et al., 2007, Kim et al., 2007, Massarwa et al., 2007, Popichenko et al., 2007, Richardson et al., 2007, Sellin et al., 2007, Duan and Nguyen, 2006, Estrada et al., 2006, Sandmann et al., 2006, Hossain et al., 2005, Menon et al., 2005)

minc

(Carrasco-Rando et al., 2016, Popichenko et al., 2013, Chen and Olson, 2004, Marin et al., 2004, Dworak and Sink, 2002, Ruiz-Gomez et al., 2002, Taylor, 2002, Ruiz-Gomez, 2001.7.13)

Name Synonyms

Gleeful

(Beckett et al., 2008, Chen et al., 2007, Beckett and Baylies, 2006)

Lame Duck

(Drechsler et al., 2007)

Lame duck

(Wang et al., 2015, Spletter and Schnorrer, 2014, Popichenko et al., 2013, Busser et al., 2012, Bai et al., 2008, Beckett et al., 2008, Chen et al., 2007, Nguyen et al., 2007, Popichenko et al., 2007, Potthoff and Olson, 2007, Richardson et al., 2007, Sellin et al., 2007, Nguyen and Frasch, 2006)

Lameduck

(Beckett and Baylies, 2007, Beckett and Baylies, 2006, Philippakis et al., 2006)

Myoblasts incompetent

(Beckett et al., 2008, Chen et al., 2007, Beckett and Baylies, 2006)

gleeful

(Menon et al., 2005, Furlong, 2001.9.5, Furlong et al., 2001)

lame duck

(Jin et al., 2011, Cunha et al., 2010, Estrada et al., 2007, Johnson et al., 2007, Estrada et al., 2006, Menon et al., 2005)

lameduck

(Baëza et al., 2015, Monfort and Furlong, 2015.1.15, Massarwa et al., 2007)

myoblasts incompetent

(Menon et al., 2005, Ruiz-Gomez et al., 2002, Ruiz-Gomez, 2001.7.13)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

FBgn0019860

Datasets (1)

Study focus (1)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

bait_protein

Furlong_ChIP-chip

genome binding

ChIP-chip identification of binding sites for transcription factors that regulate mesodermal development.

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 49 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

42717

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

Q962I0

UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

Q962I0

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0039039

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

42717/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0039039

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0039039

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0039039

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

dme:Dmel_CG4677

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

42717

Linkouts

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0039039

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0039039

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0039039

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

lmd_1
lmd_2

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0039039

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0039039

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG4677

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0039039

iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)

TC030749

Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution

Interactive Fly

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

42717

References (137)

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

-0.27

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