FB2020_06, released Dec 22, 2020

Gene: Dmel\spas

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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\spas
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
spastin
Annotation Symbol
CG5977
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0039141
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
9 publicly available
Gene Snapshot
spastin (spas) encodes a member of the AAA ATPase family that assembles into hexamers and severs microtubules along their lengths. The microtubule binding and severing activities of the product of spas are dependent upon tubulin glutamylation levels. Its proposed roles include mitosis, axon transport, synapse formation, dendrite arborization, organelle tubulation, and lipid droplet metabolism. [Date last reviewed: 2018-11-08]
Other Summaries
Also Known As

Dspastin, D-spastin

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
95D9-95D9
Sequence location
3R:24,038,215..24,042,982 [+]
Recombination map

3-82

RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:24038215..24042982
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
GO Summary Ribbons
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (30 terms)
Molecular Function (6 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables ATPase activity
inferred from direct assay
(Roll-Mecak and Vale, 2005)
enables microtubule binding
inferred from mutant phenotype
(assigned by UniProt )
(Roll-Mecak and Vale, 2008)
inferred from direct assay
(Kuo et al., 2019)
enables microtubule-severing ATPase activity
inferred from mutant phenotype
(assigned by UniProt )
(Roll-Mecak and Vale, 2008)
inferred from direct assay
(Kuo et al., 2019)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Zhang et al., 2007)
enables protein binding
inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q9VC57
(assigned by UniProt )
(Lee et al., 2009)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables alpha-tubulin binding
non-traceable author statement
(assigned by UniProt )
(Roll-Mecak and Vale, 2008)
enables ATP binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR003959, InterPro:IPR003960
(assigned by InterPro )
(FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
enables ATPase activity
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000553508
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
enables microtubule-severing ATPase activity
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000553509
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Biological Process (16 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (15 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in hemocyte migration
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Stramer et al., 2010)
involved_in locomotory behavior
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Sherwood et al., 2004)
involved_in microtubule cytoskeleton organization
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Rao et al., 2016, Stramer et al., 2010, Sherwood et al., 2004)
involved_in microtubule severing
inferred from direct assay
(Kuo et al., 2019)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(assigned by UniProt )
(Roll-Mecak and Vale, 2008)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Zhang et al., 2007)
involved_in mitotic sister chromatid segregation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Zhang et al., 2007)
involved_in negative regulation of microtubule depolymerization
inferred from direct assay
(Kuo et al., 2019)
involved_in negative regulation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Trotta et al., 2004)
involved_in negative regulation of synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Sherwood et al., 2004)
involved_in positive regulation of axon extension involved in regeneration
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Eb1; FB:FBgn0027066
(Rao et al., 2016)
involved_in positive regulation of dendrite morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Ye et al., 2011)
involved_in positive regulation of lipid metabolic process
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Papadopoulos et al., 2015)
involved_in positive regulation of microtubule depolymerization
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Trotta et al., 2004)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(assigned by UniProt )
(Zhang et al., 2007)
inferred from direct assay
(Roll-Mecak and Vale, 2005)
inferred from direct assay
(assigned by UniProt )
(Roll-Mecak and Vale, 2008)
involved_in positive regulation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Sherwood et al., 2004)
involved_in positive regulation of synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Trotta et al., 2004)
involved_in regulation of terminal button organization
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Sherwood et al., 2004)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in cytoplasmic microtubule organization
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000553509
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Cellular Component (8 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (7 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in centrosome
inferred from direct assay
(Zhang et al., 2007)
located_in chromosome
inferred from direct assay
(Zhang et al., 2007)
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Roll-Mecak and Vale, 2005, Sherwood et al., 2004, Trotta et al., 2004)
located_in microtubule cytoskeleton
inferred from direct assay
(assigned by UniProt )
(Roll-Mecak and Vale, 2008)
located_in neuromuscular junction
inferred from direct assay
(Trotta et al., 2004)
colocalizes_with synaptic vesicle
inferred from direct assay
(Trotta et al., 2004)
located_in terminal bouton
inferred from direct assay
(Trotta et al., 2004)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in microtubule cytoskeleton
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000553602
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
located_in nucleus
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000553509
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the AAA ATPase family. Spastin subfamily. (Q8I0P1)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Group (FlyBase)
MICROTUBULE SEVERING ATPASES -
Microtubule-severing ATPases generate internal breaks in microtubules. They are conserved in eukaryotes, and all three known microtubule-severing enzymes, katanin, spastin, and fidgetin, are members of the meiotic subfamily of AAA ATPases. If the newly generated microtubules are stable and regrow, then severing enzymes can act as microtubule amplifiers; if the newly severed microtubules are unstable, severing enzymes can act as depolymerases. Therefore, severing enzymes have the potential to be both positive and negative regulators of microtubule mass, and thus are implicated in regulating microtubule dynamics in a wide range of basic cellular processes ranging from ciliogenesis to cell division, neurogenesis, and phototropism. (Adapted from PMID:30373906.)
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
ATP-dependent microtubule severing protein. Stimulates microtubule minus-end depolymerization and poleward microtubule flux in the mitotic spindle (PubMed:15242610, PubMed:15562320, PubMed:15823537, PubMed:16276413, PubMed:17452528, PubMed:25875445, PubMed:18202664, PubMed:19341724). Regulates microtubule stability in the neuromuscular junction synapse (PubMed:15242610, PubMed:15562320, PubMed:19341724). Involved in lipid metabolism by regulating the size and distribution of lipid droplets (PubMed:25875445). Involved in axon regeneration by regulating microtubule severing (PubMed:23122959).
(UniProt, Q8I0P1)
Summary (Interactive Fly)

AAA (TPase ssociated with diverse cellular ctivities) family member - regulates microtubule stability - mutants show defects in synaptic growth and neurotransmission

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
6
Number of Unique Polypeptides
4

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\spas for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.56

Gene model reviewed during 5.43

Gene model reviewed during 5.46

Gene model reviewed during 6.07

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
nuclear_gene
protein_coding_gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
spas-RA
FBtr0084533
NM_170115
3601
758
spas-RB
FBtr0084534
NM_142949
2791
758
spas-RC
FBtr0321260
NM_001275967
3147
696
spas-RD
FBtr0346099
NM_001300565
3743
696
spas-RE
FBtr0445310
NM_001316509
2810
551
spas-RF
FBtr0445311
NM_001316508
3147
489
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
RefSeq ID
GenBank
spas-PA
FBpp0083918
82.7
758
10.06
NP_732941
AAF56223
spas-PB
FBpp0083919
82.7
758
10.06
NP_651206
AAN13975
spas-PC
FBpp0302812
75.8
696
9.87
NP_001262896
AGB96276
spas-PD
FBpp0311932
75.8
696
9.87
NP_001287494
AHN57493
spas-PE
FBpp0401487
60.7
551
10.13
NP_001303438
ALI30634
spas-PF
FBpp0401488
53.7
489
9.88
NP_001303437
ALI30635
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

758 aa isoforms: spas-PA, spas-PB
696 aa isoforms: spas-PC, spas-PD
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Homohexamer. The homohexamer is stabilized by ATP-binding. The homohexamer may adopt a ring conformation through which microtubules pass prior to being severed (PubMed:18202664). Interacts with microtubules (PubMed:15823537, PubMed:18202664). Interacts with atl; may be involved in microtubule dynamics (PubMed:19341724).

(UniProt, Q8I0P1)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\spas using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Expression Summary Ribbons
Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.
For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.
Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 1 -- 4
organism | ubiquitous
(Kammermeier et al., 2003)
embryonic stage 9 -- 11
ventral ectoderm
(Kammermeier et al., 2003)
cephalic furrow
(Kammermeier et al., 2003)
hindgut proper primordium
(Kammermeier et al., 2003)
anterior midgut primordium
(Kammermeier et al., 2003)
embryonic stage 13
embryonic subesophageal neuromere
(Kammermeier et al., 2003)
embryonic supraesophageal neuromere
(Kammermeier et al., 2003)
embryonic ventral neuromere
(Kammermeier et al., 2003)
embryonic stage 16 -- 17
supraesophageal ganglion | restricted
(Kammermeier et al., 2003)
subesophageal ganglion | restricted
(Kammermeier et al., 2003)
ventral nerve cord | restricted
(Kammermeier et al., 2003)
embryonic/larval head sensillum
(Kammermeier et al., 2003)
Bolwig organ
(Kammermeier et al., 2003)
dorsal organ
(Kammermeier et al., 2003)
embryonic stage 5 -- 6
cell of embryo
(Kammermeier et al., 2003)
Additional Descriptive Data

High levels of maternally supplied spas transcript is ubiquitously distributed in embryos through embryonic stage 4. At cellularization, expression is strongest near the basal side of the forming cell layer. During germband extension, spas is expressed in the ventral head and trunk ectoderm, in cells near the cephalic furrow, and in the invaginating midgut and hindgut primordia. At embryonic stage 13, spas transcript is expressed cells of all CNS neuromeres, including the subesophageal and supraesophageal ganglia. At embryonic stages 16-17, expression is pronounced in cell clusters throughout the supraesophageal ganglion, in the subesophageal ganglion, in two broad longitudial stripes in the ventral nerve cord, as well as weaker expression in some midline cells of the ventral nerve cord. Expression is also observed in the peripheral sense organs of the head, including Bolwig's organ and the dorsal organs.

(Kammermeier et al., 2003)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
wandering third instar larval stage
NMJ bouton
(Trotta et al., 2004)
muscle cell

Comment: not in nucleus; wandering third instar

(Trotta et al., 2004)
motor neuron

Comment: not in nucleus; wandering third instar

(Trotta et al., 2004)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in centrosome
inferred from direct assay
(Zhang et al., 2007)
located_in chromosome
inferred from direct assay
(Zhang et al., 2007)
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Roll-Mecak and Vale, 2005, Sherwood et al., 2004, Trotta et al., 2004)
located_in microtubule cytoskeleton
inferred from direct assay
(assigned by UniProt )
(Roll-Mecak and Vale, 2008)
located_in neuromuscular junction
inferred from direct assay
(Trotta et al., 2004)
colocalizes_with synaptic vesicle
inferred from direct assay
(Trotta et al., 2004)
located_in terminal bouton
inferred from direct assay
(Trotta et al., 2004)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\spas in GBrowse 2
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, and Transgenic Constructs
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 8 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 17 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of spas
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of spas
Deletions and Duplications ( 2 )
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
lethal, with Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PL
lethal - all die before end of embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU
lethal - all die before end of embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
lethal - all die before end of embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4G14
lethal - all die before end of embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4how-24B
lethal - all die before end of embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4RapGAP1-OK6
lethal - all die before end of embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU
lethal - all die before end of pupal stage
lethal - all die before end of pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PL
partially lethal - majority die
partially lethal - majority die, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU
partially lethal - majority die | heat sensitive
viable
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU
viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
Sterility
Allele
fertile
sterile
Other Phenotypes
Allele
behavior defective
cell polarity defective, with Scer\GAL4srp.Hemo
eclosion defective
flight defective
flightless
heat stress response defective
increased cell death | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU
locomotor behavior defective
locomotor behavior defective, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU
locomotor behavior defective | adult stage
locomotor behavior defective | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU
locomotor behavior defective | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
locomotor behavior defective | progressive (with spas5.75)
locomotor behavior defective | progressive (with spas17-7)
majority die during pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU
neuroanatomy defective
neuroanatomy defective, with Scer\GAL4221
neuroanatomy defective, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
neuroanatomy defective, with Scer\GAL4ppk.PG
neuroanatomy defective | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU
neuroanatomy defective | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU, spas5.75
neuroanatomy defective | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU, spasK467R.UAS
neuroanatomy defective | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4ppk.PG
neuroanatomy defective | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU
neuroanatomy defective | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU
neurophysiology defective
neurophysiology defective, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
neurophysiology defective (with spas5.75)
neurophysiology defective (with spas17-7)
pain response defective | adult stage, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
short lived
short lived, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU
size defective | dominant | larval stage
size defective | larval stage (with spas5.75)
size defective | larval stage (with spas10-12)
some die during embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
some die during embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4G14
some die during embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4how-24B
some die during embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4RapGAP1-OK6
some die during pupal stage
some die during pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PL
stress response defective
uncoordinated | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
visible, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PU
visible | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PU
wound healing defective | dominant | larval stage
wound healing defective | larval stage (with spas5.75)
wound healing defective | larval stage (with spas10-12)
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
adult brain, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU
adult brain, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU, spas5.75
adult brain, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU, spasK467R.UAS
axon | larval stage
axon | larval stage (with spas5.75)
axon | larval stage (with spas10-12)
border follicle cell, with Scer\GAL4slbo.2.6
border follicle cell, with Scer\GAL4upd1.PU
bouton
bouton | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU
brain | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU
cytoskeleton, with Scer\GAL4srp.Hemo
dendrite
dendrite, with Scer\GAL4ppk.1.9
dendrite, with Scer\GAL4ppk.PG
dendritic arborizing neuron | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4ppk.PG
embryonic/larval fat body, with Scer\GAL4Act.PU
embryonic/larval hypodermal muscle, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PU
embryonic/larval muscle system | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4how-24B
embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU
embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU
embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU
endoplasmic reticulum | larval stage (with spas5.75)
endoplasmic reticulum | larval stage (with spas10-12)
eye, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PU
eye photoreceptor cell | somatic clone
hemocyte, with Scer\GAL4srp.Hemo
larval dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaC
larval dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaC, with Scer\GAL4ppk.PG
larval dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaE, with Scer\GAL4221
larval dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaE | larval stage
larval dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaE | larval stage (with spas5.75)
larval dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaE | larval stage (with spas10-12)
larval multidendritic class I neuron, with Scer\GAL4221
larval multidendritic class IV neuron
larval multidendritic class IV neuron, with Scer\GAL4ppk.1.9
larval multidendritic class IV neuron, with Scer\GAL4ppk.PG
leg
lipid droplet, with Scer\GAL4Act.PU
lipid droplet, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU
lipid droplet, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PU
microtubule
microtubule, with Scer\GAL4C57
microtubule, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU
microtubule, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PU
microtubule, with Scer\GAL4ppk.1.9
microtubule, with Scer\GAL4srp.Hemo
microtubule | larval stage
microtubule | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4how-24B
morphogenetic furrow | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU
neuromuscular junction | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
NMJ bouton
NMJ bouton | larval stage | supernumerary
somatic muscle & microtubule, with Scer\GAL4G14
synapse | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU
ventral nerve cord, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU
ventral nerve cord, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Download All OrthoDB Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Homo sapiens (Human) (17)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Hsap\SPAST
15 of 15
Yes
Yes
 
7  
Hsap\FIGNL1
4 of 15
No
No
Hsap\FIGN
2 of 15
No
No
Hsap\ATAD1
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\ATAD2B
1 of 15
No
Yes
Hsap\IQCA1
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\IQCA1L
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\KATNA1
1 of 15
No
No
1  
Hsap\KATNAL1
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\NSF
1 of 15
No
No
8  
Hsap\NVL
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\PEX1
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\PEX6
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\SPATA5
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\SPATA5L1
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\TRIP13
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\VCP
1 of 15
No
No
7  
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (16)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Mmus\Spast
15 of 15
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Fignl1
4 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Atad1
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Fignl2
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Fign
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Iqca1l
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Iqca
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Katna1
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Katnal1
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Nsf
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Nvl
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Pex1
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Pex6
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Spata5
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Trip13
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Vcp
1 of 15
No
No
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (16)
Rnor\Spast
11 of 13
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Fignl1
4 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Fign
2 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Atad1
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Iqca1l
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Katna1
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Katnal1
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\LOC100910196
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\LOC103690050
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Nvl
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Pex1
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Pex6
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Spata5l1
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Spata5
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Trip13
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Vcp
1 of 13
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (12)
Xtro\spast
13 of 12
Yes
Yes
Xtro\fignl1
3 of 12
No
No
Xtro\fign
2 of 12
No
No
Xtro\atad1
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\gcg.2
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\katna1
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\katnal1
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\nvl
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\pex1
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\spata5
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\trip13
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\vcp
1 of 12
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (20)
Drer\spast
15 of 15
Yes
Yes
Drer\fignl1
4 of 15
No
No
Drer\fign
2 of 15
No
No
Drer\atad1a
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\atad1b
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\iqca1
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\katna1
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\katnal1
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\nsfa
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\nsfb
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\nvl
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\pex1
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\pex6
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\si:dkey-157g16.6
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\si:dkey-195m11.8
1 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\spata5l1
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\trip13
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\vcp
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\zgc:136908
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\zgc:153738
1 of 15
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (12)
Cele\spas-1
14 of 15
Yes
Yes
Cele\figl-1
4 of 15
No
No
Cele\cdc-48.1
1 of 15
No
No
Cele\cdc-48.3
1 of 15
No
No
Cele\mac-1
1 of 15
No
No
Cele\mei-1
1 of 15
No
No
Cele\mspn-1
1 of 15
No
No
Cele\nsf-1
1 of 15
No
No
Cele\pch-2
1 of 15
No
No
Cele\prx-1
1 of 15
No
No
Cele\prx-6
1 of 15
No
No
Cele\ZK938.3
1 of 15
No
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (2)
Atha\AT2G45500
6 of 9
Yes
Yes
Atha\AT3G27120
1 of 9
No
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (10)
Scer\YTA6
9 of 15
Yes
Yes
Scer\SAP1
8 of 15
No
Yes
Scer\AFG2
1 of 15
No
No
Scer\CDC48
1 of 15
No
No
Scer\MSP1
1 of 15
No
No
Scer\PCH2
1 of 15
No
No
Scer\PEX1
1 of 15
No
No
Scer\PEX6
1 of 15
No
No
Scer\RIX7
1 of 15
No
No
Scer\SEC18
1 of 15
No
No
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (2)
Spom\SPBC947.01
6 of 12
Yes
No
Spom\SPAC328.04
5 of 12
No
No
Ortholog(s) in Drosophila Species (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG0919050Q )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
AAA Syntenic Ortholog
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Drosophila suzukii
Spotted wing Drosophila
Dsuz\DS10_00008969
Drosophila simulans
Dsim\GD21056
Drosophila sechellia
Dsec\GM26551
Drosophila erecta
Dere\GG11247
Drosophila yakuba
Dyak\GE23439
Drosophila ananassae
Dana\GF17034
Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura
Dpse\GA19274
Drosophila persimilis
Dper\GL23394
Drosophila willistoni
Dwil\GK11148
Drosophila virilis
Dvir\GJ24660
Drosophila mojavensis
Dmoj\GI24145
Drosophila grimshawi
Dgri\GH18484
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091503KU )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Musca domestica
House fly
Mdoa\17004227
Musca domestica
House fly
Mdoa\17004789
Glossina morsitans
Tsetse fly
Gmor\GMOY009501
Lucilia cuprina
Australian sheep blowfly
Lcup\FF38_14020
Mayetiola destructor
Hessian fly
Mdes\Mdes000799
Aedes aegypti
Yellow fever mosquito
Aaeg\AAEL000346
Anopheles darlingi
American malaria mosquito
Adar\ADAC000207
Anopheles gambiae
Malaria mosquito
Agam\spas
Culex quinquefasciatus
Southern house mosquito
Cqui\CPIJ013667
Culex quinquefasciatus
Southern house mosquito
Cqui\CPIJ013668
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090W04KB )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Bombyx mori
Silkmoth
Bmor\BGIBMGA005074
Bombyx mori
Silkmoth
Bmor\BGIBMGA005075
Danaus plexippus
Monarch butterfly
Dple\DPOGS214624-PA
Heliconius melpomene
Postman butterfly
Hmel\HMEL006972
Apis florea
Little honeybee
Aflo\2153262868
Apis mellifera
Western honey bee
Amel\GB44534
Bombus impatiens
Common eastern bumble bee
Bimp\BIMP20719
Bombus terrestris
Buff-tailed bumblebee
Bter\15216432
Linepithema humile
Argentine ant
Lhum\LH20410
Megachile rotundata
Alfalfa leafcutting bee
Mrot\MROTU:0026ce
Nasonia vitripennis
Parasitic wasp
Nvit\Nasvi2EG011628
Dendroctonus ponderosae
Mountain pine beetle
Dpod\YQE_13052
Tribolium castaneum
Red flour beetle
Tcas\TC010011
Pediculus humanus
Human body louse
Phum\PHUM514830
Rhodnius prolixus
Kissing bug
Rpro\RPRC005456
Cimex lectularius
Bed bug
Clec\CLEC001072
Zootermopsis nevadensis
Nevada dampwood termite
Znev\Znev_18637
Zootermopsis nevadensis
Nevada dampwood termite
Znev\Znev_10171
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090X04GW )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Strigamia maritima
European centipede
Smar\SMAR009058
Ixodes scapularis
Black-legged tick
Isca\spas
Stegodyphus mimosarum
African social velvet spider
Smim\KFM68290.1
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_229316
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091G0Q8J )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Spur\Sp-Fignl1
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Spur\SPU_003706gn
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Spur\Sp-Vps4b
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Spur\Sp-Spast
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Spur\Sp-Figl1L
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Spur\Sp-KatnaL2
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Spur\Sp-KatsA
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Spur\SPU_010271gn
Ciona intestinalis
Vase tunicate
Cint\LOC100184384
Ciona intestinalis
Vase tunicate
Cint\LOC100184880
Ciona intestinalis
Vase tunicate
Cint\LOC100180144
Ciona intestinalis
Vase tunicate
Cint\LOC100178418
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken
Ggal\KATNAL2
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken
Ggal\ENSGALG00000011069
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken
Ggal\KATNAL1
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken
Ggal\ENSGALG00000026363
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken
Ggal\VPS4A
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken
Ggal\VPS4B
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken
Ggal\SPAST
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken
Ggal\KATNA1
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (19)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
orthoMCL
Panther
RoundUp
Alignment
Fign
6 of 10
Kat60
3 of 10
kat-60L1
3 of 10
CG4701
2 of 10
CG10793
2 of 10
nmd
2 of 10
Vps4
2 of 10
CG5776
1 of 10
CG12010
1 of 10
CG14183
1 of 10
CG16789
1 of 10
CG31495
1 of 10
comt
1 of 10
Nsf2
1 of 10
pch2
1 of 10
Pex1
1 of 10
Pex6
1 of 10
smid
1 of 10
TER94
1 of 10
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
Disease Model Summary Ribbon
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 6 )
Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )
Human Ortholog
Disease
Evidence
References
SPAST; spastin
model of  hereditary spastic paraplegia 4
IEA
(FlyBase, 2019-)
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 2 )
Allele
Disease
Interaction
References
spas5.75
model of  hereditary spastic paraplegia
is ameliorated by Hsap\SPASTUAS.Venus
(Du et al., 2010)
is ameliorated by Pak3d02472
(Ozdowski et al., 2011)
is ameliorated by Pak3Df
(Ozdowski et al., 2011)
ameliorates  fragile X syndrome
modeled by Fmr1EP3517
(Yao et al., 2011)
modeled by Fmr1sev.PW
(Yao et al., 2011)
spasdsRNA.UAS
ameliorates  fragile X syndrome
modeled by Fmr1EP3517
(Yao et al., 2011)
Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0 and OMIM)
Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
Homo sapiens (Human)
Gene name
Score
OMIM
OMIM Phenotype
DO term
Complementation?
Transgene?
SPAST; spastin
15 of 15
604277
 
FIGNL1; fidgetin like 1
4 of 15
615383
      Functional Complementation Data
      Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
      Dmel gene
      Ortholog showing functional complementation
      Supporting References
      spas
      Hsap\SPAST
      (Du et al., 2010)
      Interactions
      Summary of Physical Interactions
      esyN Network Diagram
      Show neighbor-neighbor interactions:
      Select Layout:
      Legend:
      Protein
      RNA
      Selected Interactor(s)
      Interactions Browser
      View in Interactions Browser
      Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
      protein-protein
      Physical Interaction
      Assay
      References
      spas
      cosedimentation, molecular weight, electron microscopy
      (Sandate et al., 2019)
      spas - Traf-like
      two hybrid
      (Hu et al., 2017.6.13)
      spas - atl
      pull down, anti tag western blot
      (Lee et al., 2009)
      Summary of Genetic Interactions
      esyN Network Diagram
      esyN Network Key:
      Suppression
      Enhancement
      View in Interactions Browser
      Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      spas
      suppressible
      Pak3
      (Ozdowski et al., 2011)
      spas
      enhanceable
      Pak3
      (Ozdowski et al., 2011)
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      atl
      suppressible
      spas
      (Lee et al., 2009)
      kn
      suppressible
      spas
      (Jinushi-Nakao et al., 2007)
      External Data
      Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
      Homohexamer. The homohexamer is stabilized by ATP-binding. The homohexamer may adopt a ring conformation through which microtubules pass prior to being severed (PubMed:18202664). Interacts with microtubules (PubMed:15823537, PubMed:18202664). Interacts with atl; may be involved in microtubule dynamics (PubMed:19341724).
      (UniProt, Q8I0P1 )
      Linkouts
      BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
      InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
      MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      Pathways
      Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
      Metabolic Pathways
      External Data
      Linkouts
      Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
      Chromosome (arm)
      3R
      Recombination map

      3-82

      Cytogenetic map
      95D9-95D9
      Sequence location
      3R:24,038,215..24,042,982 [+]
      FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Evidence for location
      95D9-95D9
      Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}l(3)0468404684 and P{PZ}Atg600096
      Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Notes
      References
      Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
      Location

      3-82

      (FlyBase, 2016)

      3-82.5

      (Comeron et al., 2012)
      Left of (cM)
      Right of (cM)
      Notes
      Stocks and Reagents
      Stocks (9)
      Genomic Clones (21)
      cDNA Clones (35)
       

      Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

      cDNA clones, fully sequenced
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

      For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

      cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
      RNAi and Array Information
      Linkouts
      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
      GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
      Antibody Information
      Laboratory Generated Antibodies
       

      polyclonal

      (Zhang et al., 2007, Trotta et al., 2004)
      Commercially Available Antibodies
       
      Other Information
      Relationship to Other Genes
      Source for database identify of

      Source for identity of: spas CG5977

      (Daga, 2003.2.10)
      Source for database merge of
      Additional comments
      Other Comments

      spas loss causes neuronal defects that cannot be overcome by bypassing normal nociceptive transduction mechanisms.

      (Stewart et al., 2012)

      High levels of spas disrupt microtubule organization within dendritic arbors.

      (Jinushi-Nakao et al., 2007)

      The microtubule interacting and ATPase domains are sufficient for the ATP hydrolysis-dependent microtubule disassembly activity of spas.

      (Roll-Mecak and Vale, 2005)

      spas appears to have a role in destabilising the microtubule cytoskeleton in neurons.

      (Trotta et al., 2004)

      Targeted removal of spas from neurons result in loss of synaptic area but, paradoxically, strengthened neurotransmission. Overexpression of spas in neurons reduced synaptic efficiency. Loss of spas function leads to a dramatic increase in stabilised microtubules, which, in the synaptic terminal, inappropriately ramify beyond their normal axonal compartments into the synaptic boutons. Overexpression of spas causes an erosion of the stabilised microtubule network.

      (Trotta et al., 2004)
      Origin and Etymology
      Discoverer
      Etymology
      Identification
      External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 63 )
      Sequence Crossreferences
      NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
      GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
      GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
      RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
      UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
      UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
      Other crossreferences
      BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
      Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
      Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
      Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
      GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
      iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
      InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
      KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
      modMine - A data warehouse for the modENCODE project
      Linkouts
      BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
      FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
      FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
      FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
      FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
      Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
      InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
      MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      Synonyms and Secondary IDs (10)
      Reported As
      Symbol Synonym
      CG5977
      (Hosono et al., 2015, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009, Grieder et al., 2007, Zhang et al., 2007, Rehwinkel et al., 2006, Giot et al., 2003, Kammermeier et al., 2003)
      D-spastin
      (Gould and Brady, 2004)
      Dspastin
      (Orso et al., 2006)
      Spas
      (Kato et al., 2016, Rao et al., 2016, Myat et al., 2015, Bulgakova et al., 2013, Jankovics and Brunner, 2006)
      Spastin
      (Myat et al., 2015)
      spas
      (Weiner et al., 2020, Meltzer et al., 2019, Gene Disruption Project members, 2018-, Levis, 2018.8.30, Hu et al., 2017.6.13, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Julien et al., 2016, Ball et al., 2015, Madabattula et al., 2015, Baxter et al., 2014, Bulgakova et al., 2013, Ozdowski et al., 2011, Ye et al., 2011, Brodu et al., 2010, Dilks and DiNardo, 2010, Gervais and Casanova, 2010, Lee et al., 2009, Grieder et al., 2007, Jinushi-Nakao et al., 2007)
      spastin
      (Eckert et al., 2012, Yao et al., 2011, Du et al., 2010)
      Name Synonyms
      D-Spastin
      (Bodaleo and Gonzalez-Billault, 2016)
      D-spastin
      (Orso et al., 2003)
      Dm-Spastin
      (Zhang et al., 2007)
      Dspastin
      (Vajente et al., 2019, Papadopoulos et al., 2015, Orso et al., 2005, Orso et al., 2005, Trotta et al., 2004)
      Spastin
      (Olarte et al., 2020, Warecki et al., 2020, Wang et al., 2018, Copf, 2015, Wang et al., 2015, Booth et al., 2014, Bulgakova et al., 2013, Stewart et al., 2012, Bayat et al., 2011, Van De Bor et al., 2011, Stramer et al., 2010, Jankovics and Brunner, 2006)
      spasin
      (Gervais and Casanova, 2010)
      spastin
      (Ozdowski et al., 2020, Zheng et al., 2020, Sandate et al., 2019, Gomez et al., 2016, Tao et al., 2016, Ball et al., 2015, Le Droguen et al., 2015, Mao et al., 2014, Taniguchi et al., 2014, Yang et al., 2012, Almeida et al., 2011, Meghana et al., 2011, Ye et al., 2011, Brodu et al., 2010, Chen et al., 2010, Dilks and DiNardo, 2010, Du et al., 2010, Stramer et al., 2010, Gorfinkiel et al., 2009, Jin et al., 2009, Lee et al., 2009, Thomas et al., 2009, Hoopfer et al., 2008, Roll-Mecak and Vale, 2008, Corrigall et al., 2007, Jinushi-Nakao et al., 2007, Korey, 2007, Ozdowski et al., 2007, Taniguchi et al., 2007, Guo et al., 2005, Rehmsmeier et al., 2004, Orso et al., 2003)
      Secondary FlyBase IDs
        Datasets (0)
        Study focus (0)
        Experimental Role
        Project
        Project Type
        Title
        References (112)