FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\atl

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\atl

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

atlastin

Annotation Symbol

CG6668

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0039213

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

26 publicly available

Gene Summary

atlastin (atl) encodes a dynamin-like membrane-bound GTPase that mediates endoplasmic reticulum membrane fusion in a GTP-dependent fashion. It is required for normal growth of muscles and synapses at the neuromuscular junction. [Date last reviewed: 2018-11-08] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)

All Summaries

Gene Snapshot
Alliance
Auto summary
Gene Group
UniProtKB
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

D-atlastin, dAtl

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

96A13-96A13

Sequence location

3R:24,625,671..24,634,714 [+]

Recombination map

3-85

RefSeq locus

NT_033777 REGION:24625671..24634714

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (29 terms)

Molecular Function (8 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (8 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables endoplasmic reticulum-autophagosome adaptor activity

inferred from direct assay

(Wang et al., 2023)

enables GTP binding

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Orso et al., 2009)

enables GTP-dependent protein binding

inferred from direct assay

(Crosby and Lee, 2022)

enables GTPase activity

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Crosby and Lee, 2022, Bian et al., 2011)

inferred from direct assay

(Orso et al., 2009)

enables GTPase-dependent fusogenic activity

inferred from direct assay

(Shi et al., 2024, Wu et al., 2015)

enables guanyl ribonucleotide binding

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Bian et al., 2011)

enables identical protein binding

inferred from direct assay

(Orso et al., 2009)

enables protein binding

inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q8I0P1

(Lee et al., 2009)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables GTP binding

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR015894, InterPro:IPR030386, InterPro:IPR036543

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000079086

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

enables GTPase activity

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR015894, InterPro:IPR036543

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000079086

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Biological Process (14 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (14 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in endoplasmic reticulum membrane fusion

inferred from direct assay

(Orso et al., 2009)

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Orso et al., 2009)

inferred from direct assay

(Wu et al., 2015)

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Rtnl1; FB:FBgn0053113

(Espadas et al., 2019)

involved_in endoplasmic reticulum organization

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Summerville et al., 2016)

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Lee et al., 2009, Orso et al., 2009)

involved_in endoplasmic reticulum tubular network membrane organization

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Wu et al., 2015)

involved_in Golgi organization

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Lee et al., 2009)

involved_in membrane fusion

inferred from direct assay

(Crosby and Lee, 2022, Klemm et al., 2013, Bian et al., 2011)

inferred from direct assay

(Orso et al., 2009)

involved_in microtubule depolymerization

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Lee et al., 2009)

involved_in muscle organ development

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Lee et al., 2009)

involved_in neuromuscular junction development

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Lee et al., 2009)

involved_in positive regulation of axon extension involved in regeneration

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Rao et al., 2016)

involved_in protein homooligomerization

inferred from direct assay

(Orso et al., 2009)

involved_in regulation of microtubule depolymerization

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Lee et al., 2009)

involved_in regulation of synaptic assembly at neuromuscular junction

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Lee et al., 2009)

involved_in reticulophagy

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Wang et al., 2023)

involved_in synaptic assembly at neuromuscular junction

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Lee et al., 2009)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in endoplasmic reticulum organization

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000844237

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

involved_in protein homooligomerization

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000844237

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Cellular Component (7 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (7 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in cytoplasm

inferred from direct assay

(Lee et al., 2008)

located_in endomembrane system

inferred from high throughput direct assay

(Tan et al., 2009)

is_active_in endoplasmic reticulum membrane

inferred from direct assay

(Wang et al., 2023)

inferred from direct assay

(Wu et al., 2015)

located_in endoplasmic reticulum membrane

inferred from direct assay

(Orso et al., 2009)

located_in endoplasmic reticulum

inferred from direct assay

(Lee et al., 2009)

inferred from direct assay

(Orso et al., 2009)

located_in Golgi apparatus

inferred from direct assay

(Lee et al., 2009)

is_active_in membrane

inferred from direct assay

(Crosby and Lee, 2022)

located_in membrane

inferred from direct assay

(Orso et al., 2009)

colocalizes_with microtubule

inferred from direct assay

(Lee et al., 2009)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

UNCLASSIFIED GTPASES

Protein Family (UniProt)

Belongs to the TRAFAC class dynamin-like GTPase superfamily. GB1/RHD3 GTPase family. GB1 subfamily. (Q9VC57)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Catalytic Activity (EC/Rhea)

GTPase activity
RHEA 19669:

Summaries

Gene Snapshot

Gene Group (FlyBase)

UNCLASSIFIED GTPASES -: This group comprises GTPases that do not classify under other groups in FlyBase.

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

Membrane-anchored GTPase that mediates the GTP-dependent fusion of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes, maintaining the continuous ER network (PubMed:19633650, PubMed:38509071). It facilitates the formation of three-way junctions where ER tubules intersect. Two atlastin-1 on neighboring ER tubules bind GTP and form loose homodimers through the GB1/RHD3-type G domains and 3HB regions. Upon GTP hydrolysis, the 3HB regions tighten, pulling the membranes together to drive their fusion. After fusion, the homodimer disassembles upon release of inorganic phosphate (Pi). Subsequently, GDP dissociates, resetting the monomers to a conformation ready for a new fusion cycle (PubMed:19633650, PubMed:25407413). May also regulate more or less directly Golgi biogenesis (PubMed:19341724). May also regulate microtubule polymerization and Golgi biogenesis. Required for dopaminergic neurons survival and the growth of muscles and synapses at neuromuscular junctions (PubMed:19341724).

(UniProt, Q9VC57)

Summary (Interactive Fly)

dynamin-family transmembrane GTPase that drives endoplasmic reticulum membrane fusion in a GTP-dependent fashion - self-associating protein that is able to form trans-oligomeric complexes - required for normal growth of muscles and synapses at the neuromuscular junction

Interactive Fly

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\atl for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry Q9VC57)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures

3X1D

Comments on Gene Model

Tissue-specific extension of 3' UTRs observed during later stages (FBrf0218523, FBrf0219848); all variants may not be annotated

Gene model reviewed during 5.49

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Annotated transcripts do not represent all supported alternative splices within 5' UTR.

Gene model reviewed during 5.55

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

atl-RA

FBtr0084656

NM_143017

2889

541

atl-RB

FBtr0084657

NM_170157

3207

541

atl-RC

FBtr0345218

NM_001300577

2907

541

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

atl-PA

FBpp0084036

60.9

541

6.51

FBpp0084037

60.9

541

6.51

FBpp0311413

60.9

541

6.51

Q9VC57

NP_001287506

AHN57505

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

541 aa isoforms: atl-PA, atl-PB, atl-PC

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

Comments

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Monomeric and homodimeric. The homodimer, transiently formed by two molecules on opposing membranes, is the active form mediating ER membrane fusion (PubMed:19633650). Interacts with spas; interaction may regulate microtubule dynamics (PubMed:19341724).

(UniProt, Q9VC57)

Domain

The GB1/RHD3-type G domain mediates GTP binding and hydrolysis as well as homodimerization.

The two three-helix bundle (3HB) regions in the homodimer are loosely associated initially, but they tighten upon GTP hydrolysis, facilitating the fusion of membranes.

(UniProt, Q9VC57)

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures

3X1D

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\atl using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

atl_1
atl_2

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

2.57

Transcript Expression

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 1 -- 3

organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 4 -- 6

organism

• cytoplasm | basal

Comment: apically cleared

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 9 -- 10

anterior endoderm

(Fisher et al., 2012)

inclusive hindgut primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

organism | faint | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

posterior endoderm

(Fisher et al., 2012)

trunk mesoderm

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 11 -- 12

anterior midgut primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

foregut primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

posterior midgut primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

salivary gland body primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

somatic muscle primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

trunk mesoderm

(Fisher et al., 2012)

trunk visceral muscle primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 13 -- 16

embryonic dorsal epidermis

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic foregut

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic head epidermis

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic hindgut

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic ventral epidermis

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic/larval midgut

(Fisher et al., 2012)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

immunolocalization

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

third instar larval stage

larval brain

(Lee et al., 2008)

larval ventral nerve cord

(Lee et al., 2008)

larval somatic muscle cell

(Lee et al., 2008)

adult stage

adult brain | ubiquitous

(Lee et al., 2008)

dopaminergic neuron | subset of adult brain

(Lee et al., 2008)

oogenesis stage S5 -- S6

nurse cell

• membrane

(Lee et al., 2008)

nurse cell

• cytoplasm

(Lee et al., 2008)

egg chamber | posterior

(Lee et al., 2008)

oogenesis stage S9

oocyte

• cytoplasm | anterior

(Lee et al., 2008)

oogenesis stage S10

follicle cell

(Lee et al., 2008)

mass spectroscopy

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage

adult head

• membrane

(Aradska et al., 2015)

day 7 of adulthood -- day 49 of adulthood

adult heart

(Cammarato et al., 2011)

Additional Descriptive Data

atl is detected in neuropil regions of the brain and ventral nerve cord of third instar larvae. It is also detected in motor axon bundles emanating from the ventral ganglia. It is highly expressed throughout the cytolasm of body wall muscles and present at lower levels in the proximal parts of presynaptic arbors. It is not present in synaptic boutons.

(Lee et al., 2008)

In early oogenesis, atl protein is expressed in the posterior compartment of the egg chamber and in the membrane and cytoplasm of nurse cells. At oogenesis stage 9 it is found in the anterior cytoplasm of the oocyte. It then disapeears from this domain and at stage 10 atl protein is strongly expressed in follicle cells. In the adult brain it is expressed ubiquitously, with some cellls, including a subset of dopaminergic neurons expressing atl strongly.

(Lee et al., 2008)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in cytoplasm

inferred from direct assay

(Lee et al., 2008)

located_in endomembrane system

inferred from high throughput direct assay

(Tan et al., 2009)

is_active_in endoplasmic reticulum membrane

inferred from direct assay

(Wang et al., 2023)

inferred from direct assay

(Wu et al., 2015)

located_in endoplasmic reticulum membrane

inferred from direct assay

(Orso et al., 2009)

located_in endoplasmic reticulum

inferred from direct assay

(Lee et al., 2009)

inferred from direct assay

(Orso et al., 2009)

located_in Golgi apparatus

inferred from direct assay

(Lee et al., 2009)

is_active_in membrane

inferred from direct assay

(Crosby and Lee, 2022)

located_in membrane

inferred from direct assay

(Orso et al., 2009)

colocalizes_with microtubule

inferred from direct assay

(Lee et al., 2009)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\atl in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\atl

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\atl

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0039213

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

42934/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0039213

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0039213

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0039213

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG6668

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0039213

Images

FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)

Show all FlyExpress processed images for Dmel\atl

Stages(s) 1-3
Stages(s) 4-6
Stages(s) 7-8
Stages(s) 9-10
Stages(s) 11-12
Stages(s) 13-16

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 22 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 21 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of atl

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of atl

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 1 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 1 )

Gene disrupted in

Df(3R)Exel7357

(Lee et al., 2009, Ryder, 2004.4.26)

Inferred from location ( 6 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

lethal, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

atl^GD242

lethal, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF

atl^GD242

lethal, with Scer\GAL4^ple.PF

atl^GD242

lethal, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

atl^GD242

lethal, with Scer\GAL4^unspecified

atl^UAS.Tag:MYC

lethal | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

atl^GD242

lethal - all die before end of pupal stage (with Df(3R)Exel7357)

atl²

lethal - all die before end of pupal stage | recessive

atl²

lethal - all die during embryonic stage

atl²

lethal - all die during embryonic stage, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

atl^GD242

lethal - all die during larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

atl^GD242

partially lethal - majority die | recessive

partially lethal - majority live | recessive

viable

viable, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PU

atl^{R192Q.UAS.Tag:MYC}

viable, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

atl^GD242

Sterility

Allele

fertile

sterile | recessive

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal locomotor behavior

atl¹

abnormal locomotor behavior | adult stage (with atl^EY07916)

atl^MB07599

abnormal locomotor behavior | adult stage (with atl^MB07599)

atl^EY07916

abnormal locomotor behavior | adult stage | progressive, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155

atl^RNAi.UAS

abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage

atl²

abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^C57

atl^R192Q.UAS

abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage (with Df(3R)Exel7357)

atl²

abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage

atl²

abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155

atl^RNAi.UAS

abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^nSyb.PS

abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Toll-6-D42

atl^UAS.Tag:MYC

abnormal neurophysiology | third instar larval stage

atl²

abnormal neurophysiology | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155

atl^RNAi.UAS

abnormal neurophysiology | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^nSyb.PS

atl^{K51A.UAS.Tag:MYC}

abnormal neurophysiology | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Toll-6-D42

abnormal size | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF

atl^UAS.Tag:MYC

abnormal size | dominant | larval stage

atl²

abnormal size | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4²²¹

abnormal size | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Cg.PA

atl^GD242

abnormal starvation stress response | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^Cg.PA

atl^GD242

abnormal wound healing | dominant | larval stage

atl²

abnormal wound healing | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4²²¹

bang sensitive

atl¹

bang sensitive, with Scer\GAL4^ple.PF

decreased body size | adult stage

atl¹

decreased body size | larval stage (with Df(3R)Exel7357)

atl²

decreased body size | P-stage

decreased body size | pupal stage

atl¹

decreased body size | recessive

atl²

increased mortality | adult stage | calorie restriction conditional, with Scer\GAL4^Cg.PA

atl^GD242

short lived

atl¹

some die during pupal stage (with Df(3R)Exel7357)

atl²

some die during pupal stage | recessive

atl²

visible | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^ey.PH

atl^UAS.Tag:MYC

visible | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF

atl^UAS.Tag:MYC

visible | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PU

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

autophagosome | third instar larval stage

axon | larval stage

atl²

axon | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4²²¹

dopaminergic neuron

atl¹

dopaminergic neuron, with Scer\GAL4^ple.PF

embryonic/larval fat body | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Cg.PA

atl^GD242

embryonic/larval motor neuron | third instar larval stage

atl²

embryonic/larval motor neuron | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^nSyb.PS

embryonic/larval motor neuron | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Toll-6-D42

atl^UAS.Tag:MYC

embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction | third instar larval stage

atl²

embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155

atl^RNAi.UAS

embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^nSyb.PS

embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Toll-6-D42

endoplasmic reticulum

atl¹

endoplasmic reticulum, with Scer\GAL4^Toll-6-D42

atl^UAS.Tag:MYC

endoplasmic reticulum, with Scer\GAL4^αTub84B.PL

atl^RNAi.UAS

endoplasmic reticulum | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4²²¹

atl^HMS01627

endoplasmic reticulum | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Cg.PA

atl^GD242

endoplasmic reticulum | third instar larval stage

endoplasmic reticulum | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^nSyb.PS

endoplasmic reticulum | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Toll-6-D42

atl^UAS.Tag:MYC

endoplasmic reticulum membrane | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Toll-6-D42

eye, with Scer\GAL4^ey.PH

atl^UAS.Tag:MYC

eye, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF

atl^UAS.Tag:MYC

eye, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PU

Golgi stack | third instar larval stage

imaginal disc | somatic clone

atl¹

larval brain | third instar larval stage

larval brain | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Toll-6-D42

larval dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaE | larval stage

atl²

larval dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaE | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4²²¹

larval somatic muscle cell, with Scer\GAL4^C57

atl^UAS.cLa

larval ventral nerve cord | third instar larval stage

lipid droplet | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Cg.PA

atl^GD242

microtubule & embryonic/larval somatic muscle, with Scer\GAL4^C57

microtubule & embryonic/larval somatic muscle (with Df(3R)Exel7357)

atl²

muscle cell of abdominal 2 ventral longitudinal muscle 3 (with Df(3R)Exel7357)

atl²

muscle cell of abdominal 2 ventral longitudinal muscle 4 (with Df(3R)Exel7357)

atl²

NMJ bouton

atl²

NMJ bouton, with Scer\GAL4^C57

atl^R192Q.UAS

NMJ bouton (with Df(3R)Exel7357)

atl²

NMJ bouton | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155

atl^RNAi.UAS

oocyte

atl¹

postsynaptic membrane (with Df(3R)Exel7357)

atl²

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (13)

Hsap\ATL2

14 of 14

Yes

Hsap\ATL1

13 of 14

Yes

Hsap\ATL3

12 of 14

Yes

Hsap\GBP1

4 of 14

Yes

Hsap\GBP2

4 of 14

Yes

Hsap\GBP3

4 of 14

Yes

Hsap\GBP4

4 of 14

Yes

Hsap\GBP5

4 of 14

Yes

Hsap\GBP6

4 of 14

Yes

Hsap\GBP7

4 of 14

Yes

Hsap\RNF112

4 of 14

Yes

Hsap\CARD8

1 of 14

Yes

Hsap\NLRP1

1 of 14

Yes

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (15)

Rnor\Atl2

14 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Atl1

13 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Atl3

11 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Gbp2

4 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Gbp4

4 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Gbp5

4 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Gbp3

3 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Gbp6

3 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Rnf112

3 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Gbp1

2 of 14

Yes

Rnor\LOC685067

2 of 14

Yes

Rnor\LOC100359633

2 of 14

Yes

Rnor\RGD1560801

2 of 14

Yes

Rnor\LOC687532

1 of 14

Yes

Rnor\LOC102554737

1 of 14

Yes

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (17)

Mmus\Atl2

14 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Atl1

13 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Atl3

12 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Gbp2b

4 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Gbp2

4 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Gbp4

4 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Gbp8

4 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Gbp9

4 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Rnf112

4 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Gbp3

3 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Gbp5

3 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Gbp6

3 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Gbp7

3 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Gbp10

3 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Gbp11

2 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Nlrp1a

1 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Nlrp1b

1 of 14

Yes

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (23)

Xtro\atl2

8 of 13

Yes

Xtro\atl1

7 of 13

Yes

Xtro\atl3

7 of 13

Yes

Xtro\gbp5

2 of 13

Yes

Xtro\LOC105948498

2 of 13

Yes

Xtro\LOC105948499

2 of 13

Yes

Xtro\LOC108648894

2 of 13

Yes

Xtro\rnf112.1

2 of 13

Yes

Xtro\cog8

1 of 13

Xtro\gbp1

1 of 13

Yes

Xtro\gbp2

1 of 13

Yes

Xtro\gbp6

1 of 13

Yes

Xtro\gbp7

1 of 13

Yes

Xtro\gmnn

1 of 13

Xtro\LOC100488013

1 of 13

Yes

Xtro\LOC100496673

1 of 13

Yes

Xtro\LOC100497037

1 of 13

Yes

Xtro\nipsnap1

1 of 13

Xtro\ppih

1 of 13

Xtro\rnd3

1 of 13

Yes

Xtro\rnf112

1 of 13

Yes

Xtro\spout1

1 of 13

Xtro\XB995201

1 of 13

Yes

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (26)

Drer\atl2

14 of 14

Yes

Drer\atl1

13 of 14

Yes

Drer\atl3

12 of 14

Yes

Drer\gbp1

4 of 14

Yes

Drer\gbp4

4 of 14

Yes

Drer\gbp2

3 of 14

Yes

Drer\si:ch211-209n20.1

3 of 14

Yes

Drer\si:dkeyp-30d6.2

3 of 14

Yes

Drer\unm_sa911

2 of 14

Yes

Drer\gbp3

1 of 14

Yes

Drer\lama5

1 of 14

Drer\LOC572297

1 of 14

Yes

Drer\LOC100334716

1 of 14

Yes

Drer\LOC100535674

1 of 14

Yes

Drer\LOC101882614

1 of 14

Yes

Drer\nlrp1

1 of 14

Yes

Drer\sb:cb1081

1 of 14

Yes

Drer\si:ch73-106l15.2

1 of 14

Yes

Drer\si:ch211-195h23.3

1 of 14

Yes

Drer\trim35-19

1 of 14

Yes

Drer\trim35-21

1 of 14

Yes

Drer\trim35-23

1 of 14

Yes

Drer\trim35-24

1 of 14

Yes

Drer\trim35-25

1 of 14

Yes

Drer\trim35-31

1 of 14

Yes

Drer\zgc:158270

1 of 14

Yes

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (3)

Cele\atln-1

12 of 14

Yes

Cele\atln-2

7 of 14

Yes

Cele\epi-1

1 of 14

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)

Agam\AgaP_AGAP002047

12 of 12

Yes

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (3)

Atha\AT2G38840

6 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT5G46070

4 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT1G03830

3 of 13

Yes

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:atl. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (0)

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

spastic paraplegia 3A

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 14 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

atl¹

model of hereditary spastic paraplegia 3A

CEA

(Lee et al., 2008)

atl^R214C.UAS

model of hereditary spastic paraplegia 3A

CEA

(Lee et al., 2008)

atl^R192Q.UAS

model of hereditary spastic paraplegia 3A

CEA

(Lee et al., 2009, Lee et al., 2008)

atl²

model of hereditary spastic paraplegia 3A

CEA

(Srivastav et al., 2024, Srivastav et al., 2024, Xu et al., 2017, Lee et al., 2009)

atl^GD242

model of hereditary spastic paraplegia 3A

CEA

(Bertin et al., 2023)

atl^RNAi.UAS

model of hereditary spastic paraplegia

CEA

(Summerville et al., 2016)

model of hereditary spastic paraplegia 3A

CEA

(Srivastav et al., 2024, Srivastav et al., 2024, Xu et al., 2017)

atl^{R192Q.UAS.Tag:MYC}

model of hereditary spastic paraplegia 3A

CEA

(Montagna et al., 2020)

atl^{R214C.UAS.Tag:MYC}

model of hereditary spastic paraplegia 3A

CEA

(Montagna et al., 2020)

atl^{C350R.UAS.Tag:MYC}

model of hereditary spastic paraplegia 3A

CEA

(Montagna et al., 2020)

atl^{M383T.UAS.Tag:MYC}

model of hereditary spastic paraplegia 3A

CEA

(Montagna et al., 2020)

atl^R192Q

model of hereditary spastic paraplegia 3A

CEA

(Montagna et al., 2020)

atl^R214C

model of hereditary spastic paraplegia 3A

CEA

(Montagna et al., 2020)

atl^C350R

model of hereditary spastic paraplegia 3A

CEA

(Montagna et al., 2020)

atl^M383T

model of hereditary spastic paraplegia 3A

CEA

(Montagna et al., 2020)

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 3 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

ATL1; atlastin GTPase 1

model of hereditary spastic paraplegia 3A

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

model of hereditary sensory neuropathy type 1D

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

ATL3; atlastin GTPase 3

model of hereditary sensory neuropathy type 1F

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 4 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

atl²

model of hereditary spastic paraplegia 3A

is exacerbated by TrpA1^UAS.(B).cKa

(Srivastav et al., 2024)

is ameliorated by Atg8a^{UASp.EGFP,mCherry}

(Srivastav et al., 2024)

atl^GD242

model of hereditary spastic paraplegia 3A

is ameliorated by wit^A12

(Bertin et al., 2023)

atl^RNAi.UAS

model of hereditary spastic paraplegia 3A

is ameliorated by mTor^k17004

(Xu et al., 2017)

is exacerbated by TrpA1^{13xlexAop.JFRC26}

(Srivastav et al., 2024)

atl^UAS.cMa

ameliorates Alzheimer's disease 1

modeled by Hsap\APP^695.QUAS

(Mou et al., 2024)

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

ATL2; atlastin GTPase 2

14 of 14

609368

ATL1; atlastin GTPase 1

13 of 14

606439

ATL3; atlastin GTPase 3

12 of 14

609369

NEUROPATHY, HEREDITARY SENSORY, TYPE IF; HSN1F

hereditary sensory neuropathy type 1F

GBP1; guanylate binding protein 1

4 of 14

600411

GBP2; guanylate binding protein 2

4 of 14

600412

GBP3; guanylate binding protein 3

4 of 14

600413

GBP4; guanylate binding protein 4

4 of 14

612466

GBP5; guanylate binding protein 5

4 of 14

611467

GBP6; guanylate binding protein family member 6

4 of 14

612467

GBP7; guanylate binding protein 7

4 of 14

612468

RNF112; ring finger protein 112

4 of 14

601237

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

atl

x-ray crystallography, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, cosedimentation, molecular weight estimation by staining, fluorescent resonance energy transfer, molecular sieving, fluorescence microscopy, enzymatic study, cross-linking study

(Crosby and Lee, 2022, Liu et al., 2015, Wu et al., 2015, Saini et al., 2014, Liu et al., 2012, Bian et al., 2011, Moss et al., 2011, Orso et al., 2009)

atl - Atg8a

pull down, anti tag western blot

(Wang et al., 2023)

atl - CG1105

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

atl - TER94

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, western blot

(O'Sullivan et al., 2013)

atl - spas

pull down, anti tag western blot

(Lee et al., 2009)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

atl

suppressible

Rtnl1

(Summerville et al., 2016)

suppressible

(Lee et al., 2009)

suppressible

(O'Sullivan et al., 2013)

atl

enhanceable

TER94

(O'Sullivan et al., 2013)

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Rtnl1

suppressible

atl

(Summerville et al., 2016)

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

(UniProt, Q9VC57 )

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

67860

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0039213

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

42934

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

42934

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

FlyBase

External Links

External Data

Linkouts

Class of Gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

3-85

Cytogenetic map

96A13-96A13

Sequence location

3R:24,625,671..24,634,714 [+]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

96A13-96A13

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}crb⁰⁷²⁰⁷&P{PZ}BRWD3⁰⁵⁸⁴² and P{EP}CycB3^EP3127

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

3-85

(FlyBase, 2016)

3-84.1

(Comeron et al., 2012)

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (26)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

Bloomington

93456

w^*; P{UAS-atl.R192Q.myc}2

604909

w^*; P{lexAop-atl.K51A}attP2

604910

w^*; P{lexAop-HMS01627}attP2

93455

w^*; P{UAS-atl.R214C.myc}2/SM6a

604907

w^*; atl²/TM6B, Tb¹

604908

w^*; P{UAS-atl-RNAi}2, P{UAS-Dcr-2.D}2

93457

w^*; atl^R192Q/TM6B, Tb¹

93458

w^*; atl^R214C/TM6B, Tb¹

93459

w^*; atl^C350R/TM6B, Tb¹

93460

w^*; atl^M383T/TM6B, Tb¹

VDRC

v330341

P{VSH330341}attP40

v6719

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD242}v6719

More stocks available...

Genomic Clones (20)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (269)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0039213

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0039213

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

polyclonal

(Lee et al., 2009, Lee et al., 2008)

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

Other Comments

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Additional comments

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Source for identity of: atl CG6668

(Daga, 2004.2.23)

Nomenclature comments

Etymology

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (11)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

ATL

(Zhang et al., 2024, Wu et al., 2015, Liu et al., 2012, Bian et al., 2011)

Atl

(Mou et al., 2024, Forgiarini et al., 2019, Saini et al., 2014)

Atlastin-1

(Vajente et al., 2020)

CG6668

(Kolkhof et al., 2017, Meadows, 2017.1.11, Hosono et al., 2015, Krahmer et al., 2013, Cammarato et al., 2011, Ni et al., 2011.7.19, Lee et al., 2008, Manning, 2001.10.15)

DATL

(Crosby and Lee, 2022)

atlastin

(Ulengin et al., 2015)

dAtl

(Betancourt-Solis et al., 2018, Faust et al., 2015)

dmAtl

(Shi et al., 2024)

Name Synonyms

Atlastin

(Warecki et al., 2020, Chen et al., 2015, Faust et al., 2015, Saini et al., 2014, Krahmer et al., 2013, Bayat et al., 2011)

D-atlastin

(Orso et al., 2008, Korey, 2007, Orso et al., 2007, Pantano et al., 2005, Gazziero et al., 2004)

atlastin

(Sung, 2025, Montagna et al., 2020, Betancourt-Solis et al., 2018, Rao et al., 2016, Wu et al., 2015, Nakayama et al., 2014, O'Sullivan et al., 2013, Bian et al., 2011, Cammarato et al., 2011, Moss et al., 2011, Orso et al., 2009, Lee et al., 2008, Gazziero et al., 2004)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 52 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

42934

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

Q9VC57

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Q9VC57

UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

A0A0B4LHV8

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

Q9VC57

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0039213

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

42934/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0039213

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0039213

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0039213

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

dme:Dmel_CG6668

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

42934

PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures

3X1D

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

67860

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0039213

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0039213

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0039213

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

atl_1
atl_2

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0039213

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0039213

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG6668

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0039213

iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)

Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution

Interactive Fly

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

42934

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

42934

References (100)

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

2.57

Report Sections