FB2026_03 , released September 17, 2026
Gene: Dmel\Spc25
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Spc25
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Spc25
Annotation Symbol
CG7242
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0087021
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
13 publicly available
Gene Summary
Spc25 (Spc25) encodes a component of the Ndc80 complex, which is an essential kinetochore constituent. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

Mitch, BcDNA:LD37196 , l(3)S3, S3, chromosome alignment defect 2

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
87D5-87D5
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-53
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:12961745..12963249
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (8 terms)
Molecular Function (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables protein binding
inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q960D9
(Schittenhelm et al., 2007)
inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q9VYB1
(Schittenhelm et al., 2007)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Biological Process (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in chromosome segregation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Przewloka et al., 2007, Williams et al., 2007)
involved_in meiotic metaphase chromosome alignment
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Schittenhelm et al., 2007)
involved_in meiotic spindle organization
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Schittenhelm et al., 2007)
involved_in mitotic metaphase chromosome alignment
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Przewloka et al., 2007)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Cellular Component (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in kinetochore
inferred from direct assay
(Goshima et al., 2007, Przewloka et al., 2007, Schittenhelm et al., 2007)
part_of Ndc80 complex
inferred from direct assay
(Schittenhelm et al., 2007, Williams et al., 2007)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of Ndc80 complex
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q9HBM1
(Przewloka et al., 2007)
located_in nucleus
inferred from experiment
(Schittenhelm et al., 2007, Williams et al., 2007)
Gene Group / Complex (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the SPC25 family. (Q9V3V7)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Spc25 (Spc25) encodes a component of the Ndc80 complex, which is an essential kinetochore constituent. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
Gene Group / Complex (FlyBase)
NDC80 KINETOCHORE COMPLEX -
The NDC80 complex is an outer kinetochore component that binds spindle microtubules during chromosome segregation (Adapted from FBrf0231098.)
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Acts as a component of the essential kinetochore-associated Ndc80 complex, which is required for chromosome segregation and spindle checkpoint activity during meiosis and mitosis (PubMed:17333235, PubMed:17895365). Required for kinetochore integrity and the organization of stable microtubule binding sites in the outer plate of the kinetochore (PubMed:17333235, PubMed:17895365). Participates in SAC signaling that responds specifically to disruptions in spindle microtubule dynamics (PubMed:17333235). The NDC80 complex synergistically enhances the affinity of the SKA1 complex for microtubules and may allow the NDC80 complex to track depolymerizing microtubules (By similarity).
(UniProt, Q9V3V7)
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
l(3)87Da
Homozygous lethal. l(3)87Da2 and l(3)87Da3 both partially complement l(3)87Da1 (15% and 30% survival respectively) and each other (75% survival). Surviving heterozygotes with l(3)87Da1 exhibit variation in dorsal central bristle number and length, and females greatly outnumber males; sex ratio and bristle morphology normal in l(3)87Da2/ l(3)87Da3 survivors.
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
1
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Spc25 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9V3V7)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.48

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Spc25-RA
FBtr0082690
NM_141982
968
222
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Spc25-PA
FBpp0082158
25.7
222
9.07
Q9V3V7
NP_650239
AAF54875
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Component of the Ndc80 complex, which is composed of Ndc80, Nuf2 and Spc25.

(UniProt, Q9V3V7)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Spc25 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

0.55

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 1 -- 3
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 4 -- 6
organism
(Fisher et al., 2012)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
epitope tag
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 4 -- 5
cell

Comment: Localization observed in mitotic cells at embryonic cycle 14

(Schittenhelm et al., 2007)
Additional Descriptive Data

Subcellular localization to kinetochores of embryonic mitotic cells assayed using the transgenic allele Spc25T:AvicGFP-EGFP.

(Schittenhelm et al., 2007)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in kinetochore
inferred from direct assay
(Goshima et al., 2007, Przewloka et al., 2007, Schittenhelm et al., 2007)
part_of Ndc80 complex
inferred from direct assay
(Schittenhelm et al., 2007, Williams et al., 2007)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
Reporter: P{gSpc25-EGFP}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 4 -- 5
cell

Comment: Localization observed in mitotic cells at embryonic cycle 14

(Schittenhelm et al., 2007)
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Spc25 in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 8 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 8 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Spc25
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Spc25
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 38 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 38 )
Gene disrupted in
Df(3R)615
(McCarron et al., 1994)
Df(3R)2515
(McCarron et al., 1994)
Df(3R)2519
(McCarron et al., 1994)
Df(3R)2520
(McCarron et al., 1994)
Df(3R)2525
(McCarron et al., 1994)
Df(3R)2528
(McCarron et al., 1994)
Df(3R)Exel7318
(Ryder, 2004.4.26)
Df(3R)kar-H5
(McCarron et al., 1994, Leonhardt et al., 1993)
Df(3R)kar-lG27
(Leonhardt et al., 1993, Rushlow and Chovnick, 1984, Hilliker et al., 1981, Hilliker et al., 1980)
Df(3R)kar-Sz11
(Rushlow and Chovnick, 1984, Hilliker et al., 1981, Hilliker et al., 1980)
Df(3R)ry27
(Leonhardt et al., 1993)
Df(3R)ry75
(Schittenhelm et al., 2007, Williams et al., 2007, Leonhardt et al., 1993, Rushlow and Chovnick, 1984, Hilliker et al., 1981, Hilliker et al., 1980)
Df(3R)ry506-85C
(Leonhardt et al., 1993)
Df(3R)ry614
(Leonhardt et al., 1993, Rushlow and Chovnick, 1984, Hilliker et al., 1981, Hilliker et al., 1980)
Df(3R)ry615
(Thibault et al., 2004, Leonhardt et al., 1993)
Df(3R)ry1168
(Leonhardt et al., 1993, Rushlow and Chovnick, 1984, Hilliker et al., 1981, Hilliker et al., 1980)
Df(3R)ry1301
(Leonhardt et al., 1993, Rushlow and Chovnick, 1984, Hilliker et al., 1981, Hilliker et al., 1980)
Df(3R)ry1402
(Leonhardt et al., 1993, Rushlow and Chovnick, 1984, Hilliker et al., 1981, Hilliker et al., 1980)
Df(3R)ry1607
(Leonhardt et al., 1993, Rushlow and Chovnick, 1984, Hilliker et al., 1981, Hilliker et al., 1980)
Gene not disrupted in
Df(3R)2521
(McCarron et al., 1994)
Df(3R)2522
(McCarron et al., 1994)
Df(3R)2523
(McCarron et al., 1994)
Df(3R)2524
(McCarron et al., 1994)
Df(3R)2526
(McCarron et al., 1994)
Df(3R)2527
(McCarron et al., 1994)
Df(3R)kar3l
(Leonhardt et al., 1993)
Df(3R)kar-Sz13
(Leonhardt et al., 1993)
Df(3R)kar-Sz21
(Leonhardt et al., 1993)
Df(3R)kar-Sz29
(Leonhardt et al., 1993)
Df(3R)kar-Sz31
(Leonhardt et al., 1993)
Df(3R)l26c
(Rushlow and Chovnick, 1984, Hilliker et al., 1981, Hilliker et al., 1980)
Df(3R)l26d
(Rushlow and Chovnick, 1984, Hilliker et al., 1981, Hilliker et al., 1980)
Df(3R)lC4a
(Rushlow and Chovnick, 1984, Hilliker et al., 1981, Hilliker et al., 1980)
Df(3R)mus308-D16
(Leonhardt et al., 1993)
Df(3R)pb36LAntp5R
(Leonhardt et al., 1993)
Df(3R)ry36
(Rushlow and Chovnick, 1984, Hilliker et al., 1981, Hilliker et al., 1980)
Df(3R)ry619
(Leonhardt et al., 1993, Rushlow and Chovnick, 1984, Hilliker et al., 1981, Hilliker et al., 1980)
Df(3R)ry1608
(Leonhardt et al., 1993, Rushlow and Chovnick, 1984, Hilliker et al., 1981, Hilliker et al., 1980)
Inferred from location ( 8 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal
lethal (with Df(3R)ry75)
lethal | recessive
lethal - all die before end of larval stage | recessive
lethal - all die during P-stage, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
partially lethal - majority die
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal meiotic cell cycle | male
abnormal meiotic cell cycle | male (with Spc25A34-1)
abnormal meiotic cell cycle | male (with Spc25mitch-1)
abnormal mitotic cell cycle
abnormal mitotic cell cycle (with Df(3R)ry75)
abnormal mitotic cell cycle (with Spc2522)
abnormal mitotic cell cycle (with Spc25A34-1)
abnormal mitotic cell cycle (with Spc25mitch-1)
decreased occurrence of cell division | larval stage
some die during larval stage | recessive
visible, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
dorsocentral bristle
imaginal disc
larval brain
larval neuroblast
larval neuroblast (with Df(3R)ry75)
larval neuroblast (with Spc2522)
larval neuroblast (with Spc25A34-1)
larval neuroblast (with Spc25mitch-1)
macrochaeta
mesonotum, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
spermatocyte
spermatocyte (with Spc25A34-1)
spermatocyte (with Spc25mitch-1)
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (0)
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (0)
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (0)
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (0)
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (0)
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (0)
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (0)
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Spc25. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    Interaction Browsers
    View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
    Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
    protein-protein
    Physical Interaction
    Assay
    References
    Spc25 - CG11267
    experimental knowledge based
    (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
    Spc25 - CG14207
    experimental knowledge based
    (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
    Spc25 - CLIP-190
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
    (Przewloka et al., 2007)
    Spc25 - Cenp-C
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
    (Przewloka et al., 2011)
    Spc25 - Eb1
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
    (Przewloka et al., 2007)
    Spc25 - Kmn1
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
    (Przewloka et al., 2007, Schittenhelm et al., 2007)
    Spc25 - Kmn2
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
    (Schittenhelm et al., 2007)
    Spc25 - Mis12
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
    (Przewloka et al., 2007, Schittenhelm et al., 2007)
    Spc25 - Ndc80
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
    (Przewloka et al., 2007, Schittenhelm et al., 2007)
    Spc25 - Nnf1a
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
    (Przewloka et al., 2007, Schittenhelm et al., 2007)
    Spc25 - Nnf1b
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
    (Przewloka et al., 2007, Schittenhelm et al., 2007)
    Spc25 - Nuf2
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
    (Przewloka et al., 2007, Schittenhelm et al., 2007)
    Spc25 - Prp31
    pull down, western blot
    (Pellacani et al., 2018)
    Spc25 - Sf3a2
    pull down, western blot
    (Pellacani et al., 2018)
    Spc25 - Spc105R
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
    (Przewloka et al., 2007)
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    Interaction Browsers
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    External Data
    Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
    Component of the Ndc80 complex, which is composed of Ndc80, Nuf2 and Spc25.
    (UniProt, Q9V3V7 )
    Linkouts
    BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Metabolic Pathways
    FlyBase
    External Links
    External Data
    Linkouts
    Class of Gene
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    3R
    Recombination map
    3-53
    Cytogenetic map
    87D5-87D5
    Sequence location
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    87D5-87D5
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}Vha55j2E9 and P{PZ}CtBP03463
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Location

    3-53

    (FlyBase, 2016)

    3-50.1

    (Comeron et al., 2012)

    3-51.7

    Left of (cM)
    Right of (cM)
    Notes
    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (13)
    Genomic Clones (16)
     

    Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

    cDNA Clones (101)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
    Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

    For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

    cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
    RNAi and Array Information
    Linkouts
    DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
    Antibody Information
    Laboratory Generated Antibodies
     

    polyclonal

    (Williams et al., 2007)
    Commercially Available Antibodies
     
    Cell Line Information
    Publicly Available Cell Lines
     
      Other Stable Cell Lines
       
        Other Comments

        RNAi screen using dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene results in chromosome misalignment on the metaphase spindle and a spindle that is aberrantly long when assayed in S2 cells. This phenotype can be observed when the screen is performed with or without Cdc27 dsRNA.

        (Goshima et al., 2007)
        Relationship to Other Genes
        Source for database merge of

        Source for merge of: BcDNA:LD37196 CG7242

        (Bayraktaroglu, 2000.8.7)

        Source for merge of: CG7242 l(3)87Da

        (Schittenhelm et al., 2007)
        Additional comments
        Nomenclature History
        Source for database identify of

        Source for identity of: Spc25 CG7242

        (Schittenhelm et al., 2007)
        Nomenclature comments
        Etymology

        Named "chromosome alignment defect 2" after the observed cellular phenotype following treatment of S2 cells with cal2 dsRNA.

        (Goshima et al., 2007)

        The gene is named "mitotic chaos" after the mutant phenotype.

        (Williams et al., 2007)
        Synonyms and Secondary IDs (20)
        Datasets (0)
        Study focus (0)
        Experimental Role
        Project
        Project Type
        Title
        Study result (0)
        Result
        Result Type
        Title
        External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 32 )
        Sequence Crossreferences
        NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
        GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
        GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
        RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
        UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
        UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
        Other crossreferences
        AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
        BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
        DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
        EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
        FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
        FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
        InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
        KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
        MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
        Linkouts
        BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
        FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
        FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
        Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
        Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        References (62)