NTF-1, Elf-1, Gh, Elf1, l(2)06850
a maternally expressed bHLH transcription factor that regulates precise timing of gene expression early in development - a key regulator of epidermal barrier formation and repair - a temporally expressed regulator of neural cell identity functioning during embryonic and larval development
Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\grh for information on other features
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AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.
Gene model reviewed during 5.50
Annotated transcripts do not represent all possible combinations of alternative exons and/or alternative promoters.
Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.
Gene model reviewed during 5.56
10.6, 7.4 (northern blot)
1333, 1303, 1063, 1032 (aa)
1032 (aa)
1063 (aa); 116 (kD predicted)
120, 83 (aa); 140 (kD observed)
The DNA-binding region of the 1063aa grh protein maps to a 263 amino acid region between residues 603 and 865. Data suggests that grh protein functions as a dimer, both when bound to DNA and free in solution. The major dimerization is in the carboxyl region and is dependent on residues between 949 and 1063. Dimerization of grh protein stabilizes the interaction with DNA.
The 1032aa form of grh protein binds DNA as a dimer and forms dimers in solution. The binding and dimerization domains map to a 400aa region encompassing the HLH homology region and extending beyond it. grh is a potent transcriptional activator in a cotransfection assay in Schneider cells. The activation domain maps to an isoleucine-rich domain of 56 amino acids between residues 173-228. The domain is active both in Schneider cells and in embryo extracts. No evidence was found for protein interaction between grh protein and Taf4 protein.
grh protein was purified from embyronic nuclear extracts.
Binds to element I of Ddc promoter.
Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\grh using the Feature Mapper tool.
Comment: anlage in statu nascendi
Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi
Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi
Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi
Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage
Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage
Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage
Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage
grh transcript is detected in egg chambers and in pre-blastoderm embryos.
cas is expressed in the NB5-6 lineage in thoracic and abdominal segments and in most anterior segments in a late temporal window.
grh protein expression persists in epidermal cells and in parts of the foregut and hindgut in the larval period. It is also detected in the trachea, anterior spiracles, proventriculus, and in cells that secrete the head skeleton. grh protein is expressed uniformly in the imaginal discs and in the optic lobes.
grh protein is first detected at stage 11 in the epidermis and CNS. grh protein expression remains fairly constant in the epidermis but changes with developmental time in the CNS. Early on, grh protein is detected in one or two medial nuclei per segmental neuromere. Later, it is detected in more lateral nuclei in a pattern that changes as development proceeds. At stage 15, expression is observed in around 30 cells per neuromere in a segmentally repeated pattern. By stage 17, the number of nuclei expressing the protein has decreased particularly in the abdominal regions of the ventral nerve cord. grh protein is also detected in small regions of the foregut and the hindgut. grh protein and Ddc protein are not co-expressed in the same cells in late embryos. Co-expression was observed in primary cultures of neuroblasts.
GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals
View Dmel\grh in GBrowse 22-84
2-87.0
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Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.
monoclonal
Source for merge of: grh l(2)06850
Source for merge of: grh CG30111
Source for merge of: CG30111 BcDNA:LD38807
Annotations CG5058 and CG30111 merged as CG42311 in release 5.9 of the genome annotation.
Source for merge of CG30111 BcDNA:LD38807 was a shared cDNA ( date:030728 ).
New annotation (CG30111) in release 3 of the genome annotation.
The structure and function of grh mRNAs has been examined.
Variation of a microsatellite within the grh locus has been studied in North American populations of D.melanogaster.
In vivo and in vitro assays have been used to map the DNA binding domains, the dimerization domain and transcriptional activation domain of the grh gene product.
Identified in 2D gels of CMW W2 wing imaginal disc cell proteins.
Gene encodes at least three isoforms of a protein that binds to upstream sequences of Ddc, en, ftz and Ubx. The proteins share epitopes as recognized by two monoclonal antibodies. Expression first detected in 4-to-8 hour embryos, peaking from 8 to 12 hours and declining from 12 to 16 hours; NTF protein detected in nuclei of ectodermal derivatives; seen in all epidermal cells and changing subsets of neurons in the developing central nervous system.
