FB2025_02 , released April 17, 2025
Gene: Dmel\kuz
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\kuz
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
kuzbanian
Annotation Symbol
CG7147
Feature Type
FlyBase ID
FBgn0259984
Gene Model Status
Stock Availability
Gene Summary
kuzbanian (kuz) encodes an ADAM metalloendopeptidase that regulates activation of the receptors encoded by N and robo1 by cleavage. [Date last reviewed: 2019-09-26] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
Also Known As

l(2)34Da, l(2)br38, BG:DS07660.3

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-48
RefSeq locus
NT_033779 REGION:13550139..13639411
Sequence
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (24 terms)
Molecular Function (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from mutant phenotype
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001590
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN005236519
Biological Process (19 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (16 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in axon guidance
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from direct assay
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from direct assay
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from direct assay
involved_in oogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from high throughput mutant phenotype
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (5 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
traceable author statement
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN005236519
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P78536
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001374824
involved_in proteolysis
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001590
traceable author statement
Cellular Component (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from high throughput direct assay
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in membrane
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P78536
is_active_in plasma membrane
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN005236519
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
kuzbanian (kuz) encodes an ADAM metalloendopeptidase that regulates activation of the receptors encoded by N and robo1 by cleavage. [Date last reviewed: 2019-09-26]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
ADAM METALLOPROTEASES -
A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease (ADAM) proteins belong to the metzincin superfamily of metalloproteases. ADAM proteins are characterized by a highly conserved domain organization that generally includes a prodomain, metalloprotease domain, disintegrin-like domain, cysteine rich domain, EGF-like domain, transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic domain. The metalloprotease domain is attributed to a process known as ectodomain shedding in which it cleaves at cell surfaces to release the ectodomains of membrane proteins. ADAM proteases are included in MEROPS family M12, subfamily B. (Adapted from FBrf0214506 and FBrf0211961).
Notch Signaling Pathway Core Components -
The Notch receptor signaling pathway is activated by the binding of the transmembrane receptor Notch (N) to transmembrane ligands, Dl or Ser, presented on adjacent cells. This results in the proteolytic cleavage of N, releasing the intracellular domain (NICD). NICD translocates into the nucleus, interacting with Su(H) and mam to form a transcription complex, which up-regulates transcription of Notch-responsive genes. (Adapted from FBrf0225731 and FBrf0192604). Core pathway components are required for signaling from the sending cell and response in the receiving cell.
Summary (Interactive Fly)

disintegrin and metalloprotease motifs - neurogenic gene - crucial for proper heart formation Genes A-D-- Genes L-R -- Genes S-Z Home page: The Interactive Fly © 1995, 1996 Thomas B. Brody, Ph.D. The Interactive Fly resides on the Society for Developmental Biology's Web server.

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
5
Number of Unique Polypeptides
4

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\kuz for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9VJW9)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Annotated transcripts do not represent all supported alternative splices within 5' UTR.

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.51

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
FBtr0080509
5605
1238
FBtr0080510
6651
1238
FBtr0100660
5979
1090
FBtr0301412
5018
1219
FBtr0342903
4976
1161
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

5.6 (longest cDNA)

Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
FBpp0080087
136.4
1238
8.71
FBpp0080088
136.4
1238
8.71
FBpp0100122
121.2
1090
8.26
FBpp0290626
135.3
1219
8.17
FBpp0309702
128.6
1161
8.16
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

1238 aa isoforms: kuz-PA, kuz-PB
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
MEROPS - An information resource for peptidases (also termed proteases, proteinases and proteolytic enzymes) and the proteins that inhibit them.
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\kuz using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.80

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Additional Descriptive Data

kuz expression is enriched in border follicle cells relative to other cells in the egg chamber.

kuz transcripts are expressed ubiquitously in the embryo and in imaginal discs. They are present at the highest levels in the ventral nerve cord, the morphogenetic furrow, and the developing ommatidia of the eye-antennal disc.

The kuz transcript is expressed in all neurons of the embryonic central nervous system, and at lower levels in the epidermis.

Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from high throughput direct assay
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\kuz in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 90 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 28 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of kuz
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of kuz
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 131 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 131 )
Gene not disrupted in
Inferred from location ( 4 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
Other Phenotypes
Allele
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
neuron & eye | somatic clone
scutum & macrochaeta, with Scer\GAL432B
scutum & macrochaeta | somatic clone
scutum & microchaeta
Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (31)
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
3 of 14
No
No
1  
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
1  
3 of 14
No
No
1  
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
1  
3 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1  
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (36)
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
Yes
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (40)
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (25)
7 of 13
Yes
Yes
3 of 13
No
Yes
2 of 13
No
No
2 of 13
No
No
2 of 13
No
No
2 of 13
No
No
2 of 13
No
No
2 of 13
No
No
2 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (20)
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
11 of 14
No
Yes
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (7)
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (8)
11 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:kuz. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (5)
4 of 13
4 of 13
3 of 13
2 of 13
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 2 )
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 3 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    Interaction Browsers

    Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    External Data
    Linkouts
    BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Metabolic Pathways
    FlyBase
    External Links
    External Data
    Linkouts
    KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
    SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.
    Class of Gene
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    2L
    Recombination map
    2-48
    Cytogenetic map
    Sequence location
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    34C4-34C6
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}kuz03782&P{lacW}kuzk14817 and P{lacW}CG7364k07245
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    34C4-34C5
    (determined by in situ hybridisation)
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Location
    Left of (cM)
    Right of (cM)
    Notes
    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (37)
    Genomic Clones (46)
    cDNA Clones (60)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
    Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

    For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

    cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
    RNAi and Array Information
    Linkouts
    DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
    Antibody Information
    Laboratory Generated Antibodies
     
    Commercially Available Antibodies
     
    Cell Line Information
    Publicly Available Cell Lines
     
      Other Stable Cell Lines
       
        Other Comments

        S2 cells treated with dsRNA generated against this gene show reduced phagocytosis of Candida albicans compared to untreated cells.

        kuz can mediate S2 cleavage of N.

        The kuz metalloprotease is required for Dl ligand cleavage at the cell surface.

        Mutants isolated in a screen of the second chromosome identifying genes affecting disc morphology.

        A dominant negative form of kuz indicates that kuz is probably not involved in the release of the intracellular domain of Notch-1 protein during signalling.

        kuz provides a proteolytic activity synthesised by axons and required by them to extend growth cones through the extracellular matrix.

        kuz is a component of the N signalling pathway and is involved in the activation of the N protein.

        Lack of maternal kuz function does not contribute to the axon extension phenotype of kuz mutant embryos.

        Identified in an adult mosaic screen; required for lateral inhibition in proneural clusters.

        Mosaic analysis indicates that kuz is required for cells to receive signals inhibiting the neural fate. Analyses further reveal that the development of a neuron requires a kuz-mediated positive signal from neighbouring cells.

        Relationship to Other Genes
        Source for database merge of

        Source for merge of: kuz l(2)c00136

        Source for merge of: kuz GS11410

        Additional comments
        Nomenclature History
        Source for database identify of

        Source for identity of: kuz CG7147

        Nomenclature comments
        Etymology

        The gene name "kuzbanian" recalls the physical appearance of the Koozbanians (an alien life-form version of the television characters the Muppets), who sported wildly uncontrollable hair sticking up on the tops of their heads, reminiscent of the striking supernumerary bristle phenotype in mosaics for a null kuz mutation.

        Synonyms and Secondary IDs (22)
        Reported As
        Symbol Synonym
        GS11410
        kuz
        (Pfefferkorn et al., 2024, Sood et al., 2024, Bhatnagar et al., 2023, Bossen et al., 2023, Ewen-Campen et al., 2023, Tian et al., 2023, Titlow et al., 2023, Wang et al., 2023, Deolankar et al., 2022, Hultmark and Andó, 2022, Joseph et al., 2022, National Institute of Genetics Fly Stocks, 2022-, Schnute et al., 2022, Zang et al., 2022, Baker et al., 2021, Harrison et al., 2021, McLaughlin et al., 2021, Salazar et al., 2021, Feuillette et al., 2020, Liu et al., 2020, Moschetti et al., 2020, Muliyil et al., 2020, Salazar et al., 2020, Statzer and Ewald, 2020, Fic et al., 2019, Petri et al., 2019, Ray et al., 2019, Ray et al., 2019, Reinhardt et al., 2019, Joseph et al., 2018, Lee et al., 2018, Li et al., 2018, Rieche et al., 2018, Salazar and Yamamoto, 2018, Schwarz et al., 2018, Yang and Deng, 2018, Bhat, 2017, Langridge and Struhl, 2017, Lucchetta and Ohlstein, 2017, Ables et al., 2016, Bivik et al., 2016, Clandinin and Owens, 2016-, Dubois et al., 2016, Gene Disruption Project members, 2016-, Ramaker et al., 2016, Bivik et al., 2015, Blake et al., 2015, Bourdet et al., 2015, Duff et al., 2015, Palmer and Deng, 2015, Ashwal-Fluss et al., 2014, Toshima et al., 2014, Beckett et al., 2013, Jagut et al., 2013, Schneider et al., 2013, Sopko and Perrimon, 2013, Webber et al., 2013, Poeck et al., 2012, Rodriguez et al., 2012, Singh and Mlodzik, 2012, Ulvklo et al., 2012, Wentzell et al., 2012, Xie et al., 2012, Coleman et al., 2010, Egger et al., 2010, Saj et al., 2010, Terriente-Félix et al., 2010, Carmine-Simmen et al., 2009, Krejcí et al., 2009, Lake et al., 2009, Sellin et al., 2009, Udolph et al., 2009, Acar et al., 2008, Becam and Milán, 2008, Christensen et al., 2008.12.28, González et al., 2008, Buszczak et al., 2007, Edenfeld et al., 2007, Kankel et al., 2007, Menut et al., 2007, Wang et al., 2007, Zeitlinger et al., 2007, Zeitouni et al., 2007, Zhang et al., 2007, Albrecht et al., 2006, Koelzer and Klein, 2006, Langdon et al., 2006, Meyer and Aberle, 2006, Stroschein-Stevenson et al., 2006, Zhang et al., 2006, Burnette et al., 2005, Sapir et al., 2005, Kamimura et al., 2004, Kamimura et al., 2004)
        l(2)03782
        l(2)c00136
        l(2)k01403
        Secondary FlyBase IDs
        • FBgn0086292
        • FBgn0015954
        • FBgn0001958
        • FBgn0010555
        • FBgn0069197
        Datasets (0)
        Study focus (0)
        Experimental Role
        Project
        Project Type
        Title
        Study result (0)
        Result
        Result Type
        Title
        External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 86 )
        Sequence Crossreferences
        NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
        GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
        RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
        UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
        UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
        Other crossreferences
        AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
        DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
        EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
        FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
        KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
        MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
        MEROPS - An information resource for peptidases (also termed proteases, proteinases and proteolytic enzymes) and the proteins that inhibit them.
        Linkouts
        BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
        FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
        Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
        FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
        iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
        Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
        KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
        MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.
        References (303)