FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\rhea
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\rhea
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
rhea
Annotation Symbol
CG6831
Feature Type
FlyBase ID
FBgn0260442
Gene Model Status
Stock Availability
Gene Summary
rhea (rhea) encodes fly talin, a large adaptor protein that is essential for all adhesive functions of integrins. It also has at least one role independent of integrins: repressing shg transcription in follicle cells. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
Also Known As

talin, tendrils

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-26
RefSeq locus
NT_037436 REGION:8545001..8574409
Sequence
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (26 terms)
Molecular Function (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:mys; FB:FBgn0004657
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR035964
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002558, InterPro:IPR035964
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR036723
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001072688
Biological Process (17 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (15 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
involved_in cell adhesion
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from high throughput mutant phenotype
involved_in muscle attachment
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from high throughput mutant phenotype
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000463398
involved_in cell adhesion
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR036723
traceable author statement
involved_in cell-cell adhesion
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000463398
Cellular Component (5 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in focal adhesion
inferred from direct assay
located_in plasma membrane
inferred from high throughput direct assay
located_in Z disc
inferred from high throughput direct assay
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in cytoplasm
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000463398
is_active_in focal adhesion
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001072690
located_in focal adhesion
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR015224
traceable author statement
is_active_in plasma membrane
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000463398
located_in ruffle
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR015224
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
rhea (rhea) encodes fly talin, a large adaptor protein that is essential for all adhesive functions of integrins. It also has at least one role independent of integrins: repressing shg transcription in follicle cells. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
Summary (Interactive Fly)

(preferred name: Rhea) essential for integrin function - crosslinks extracellular matrix-linked integrins to the cytoskeleton - represses E-cadherin Shotgun transcription in follicle cells independently of integrins

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
8
Number of Unique Polypeptides
5

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\rhea for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9VSL8)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
Comments on Gene Model

Annotated transcripts do not represent all possible combinations of alternative exons and/or alternative promoters.

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Annotated transcripts do not represent all supported alternative splices within 5' UTR.

Gene model reviewed during 5.46

Alternative translation stop created by use of multiphasic reading frames within coding region.

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
FBtr0305210
9584
2836
FBtr0305211
7261
2169
FBtr0305212
7373
2169
FBtr0333105
9937
2836
FBtr0333106
9409
2836
FBtr0333107
9521
2815
FBtr0333108
9265
2689
FBtr0333109
9722
513
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
FBpp0293740
307.0
2836
6.14
FBpp0293741
235.3
2169
5.87
FBpp0293742
235.3
2169
5.87
FBpp0305317
307.0
2836
6.14
FBpp0305318
307.0
2836
6.14
FBpp0305319
304.7
2815
6.20
FBpp0305320
291.5
2689
5.95
FBpp0305321
58.8
513
7.04
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

2836 aa isoforms: rhea-PB, rhea-PE, rhea-PF
2169 aa isoforms: rhea-PC, rhea-PD
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\rhea using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.83

Transcript Expression
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
western blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Additional Descriptive Data

Through embryonic stages 14-17, rhea immunolabel was detected along the leading and basal domains of migrating cardioblasts, but was not detected on lateral cell membranes between ipsilateral cardioblasts.

The rhea protein was detected in the cytoplasm of early cellularized embryos. Subsequently, rhea protein concentrated at the membrane of migrating midgut primordial cells and then at muscle attachment sites, specifically at hemi-adherens junctions. In wing imaginal discs the rhea protein localized to focal adhesion like structures at the basal surface.

Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in focal adhesion
inferred from direct assay
located_in plasma membrane
inferred from high throughput direct assay
located_in Z disc
inferred from high throughput direct assay
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\rhea in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 75 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 45 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of rhea
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of rhea
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 5 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
Other Phenotypes
Allele
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
actin filament & follicle cell | somatic clone
muscle cell & actin filament & embryo
muscle cell & focal adhesion & embryo
tendon cell & basal lamina & embryo
tendon cell & focal adhesion & embryo
tendon cell & microtubule & embryo
Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (36)
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
12 of 14
No
Yes
3 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1  
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1  
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1  
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
7  
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
10  
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (9)
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
12 of 14
No
Yes
3 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (12)
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
11 of 14
No
Yes
3 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (19)
8 of 13
Yes
Yes
6 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (12)
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
11 of 14
No
Yes
6 of 14
No
Yes
3 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (12)
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (13)
11 of 12
Yes
Yes
1 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:rhea. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (14)
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
Allele
Disease
Evidence
References
Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
Human Ortholog
Disease
Evidence
References
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 2 )
Allele
Disease
Interaction
References
Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
Homo sapiens (Human)
Gene name
Score
OMIM
OMIM Phenotype
DO term
Complementation?
Transgene?
Functional Complementation Data
Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
Interactions
Summary of Physical Interactions
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interaction Browsers

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
External Data
Linkouts
BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
Pathways
Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
Metabolic Pathways
FlyBase
External Links
External Data
Linkouts
SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.
Class of Gene
Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
Chromosome (arm)
3L
Recombination map
3-26
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Evidence for location
66D6-66D7
Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}foij8E8 and P{PZ}SrpRβrK561&P{lacW}l(3)j5B6j5B6
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Notes
References
rhea is not located at 75A-75C, but is elsewhere on 3L.
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Right of (cM)
Notes

Located on 3L.

Stocks and Reagents
Stocks (30)
Genomic Clones (38)
cDNA Clones (82)
 

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones
Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
RNAi and Array Information
Linkouts
DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
Antibody Information
Laboratory Generated Antibodies
Commercially Available Antibodies
 
Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank - Monoclonal antibodies for use in research
Cell Line Information
Publicly Available Cell Lines
 
    Other Stable Cell Lines
     
      Other Comments

      rhea is required continuously during heart growth to maintain the one-to-one apposition of myofibril ends between cardiomyocytes. Retracted myofibrils cannot regenerate appositions to adjacent cells if normal rhea expression is subsequently restored.

      Distinct combinations of talin (rhea) domains are required for each of three different integrin functions during development. The talin IBS2 domain is separated from integrins in the muscles but not at wing adhesion sites, and this separation partly requires myosin activity and Vinc.

      rhea is required for maintenance of tracheal terminal branches and luminal organization.

      S2 cells treated with dsRNA generated against this gene show reduced phagocytosis of Candida albicans compared to untreated cells.

      rhea is required to specifically inhibit transcription of shg in the somatic follicle cells.

      dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology.

      RNAi screen using dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene causes a phenotype when assayed in S2R+ cells: cells become round and detached. Kc167 cells are unaffected.

      dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene is tested in an RNAi screen for effects on actin-based lamella formation.

      Identification: Genetic screen for autosomal mutations that produce blisters in somatic wing clones.

      Mutations affect myo-epidermal junctions or muscle function in embryos.

      Identification: Genetic screen for autosomal mutations that produce blisters in somatic wing clones. 2 alleles of rhea have been isolated.

      Relationship to Other Genes
      Source for database merge of

      Source for merge of: Talin rhea

      Additional comments

      mir-190 is located within an intron of rhea.

      Nomenclature History
      Source for database identify of

      Source for identity of: CG6831 Talin

      Nomenclature comments
      Etymology
      Synonyms and Secondary IDs (8)
      Reported As
      Symbol Synonym
      rhea
      (Camp et al., 2024, Collinet et al., 2024, Kroeger et al., 2024, Burghardt et al., 2023, Corthals et al., 2023, Akhmanova et al., 2022, Chen and St Johnston, 2022, Clarembaux-Badell et al., 2022, Hultmark and Andó, 2022, Kanca et al., 2022, Pavlidaki et al., 2022, Ren and Rao, 2022, Velten et al., 2022, Anqueira-González et al., 2021, Cattenoz et al., 2021, Ferguson et al., 2021, Hagen et al., 2021, Lodge et al., 2021, Pang et al., 2021, Sun et al., 2021, Bajpai et al., 2020, Chougule et al., 2020, Gilbert et al., 2020, Hunter et al., 2020, Jammrath et al., 2020, López-Gay et al., 2020, Katzemich et al., 2019, Park et al., 2019, Yee et al., 2019, Zirin et al., 2019, Camp et al., 2018, Cho et al., 2018, Gene Disruption Project members, 2018-, Green et al., 2018, Gusareva et al., 2018, Spletter et al., 2018, Klapholz and Brown, 2017, Rohde et al., 2017, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Vanderploeg and Jacobs, 2017, De Lella Ezcurra et al., 2016, Sarov et al., 2016, Álvarez-Fernández et al., 2015, Gene Disruption Project members, 2015-, Klapholz et al., 2015, Maartens and Brown, 2015, Morozova et al., 2015, Ashwal-Fluss et al., 2014, Chen et al., 2014, Ellis et al., 2014, Gómez-Lamarca et al., 2014, Gupta et al., 2014, Perkins and Tanentzapf, 2014, Bharadwaj et al., 2013, Comber et al., 2013, Kwon et al., 2013, Lin et al., 2013, Moreira et al., 2013, Zhang et al., 2013, Bouaouina et al., 2012, Gates, 2012, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Vanderploeg et al., 2012, Wu et al., 2012, Yano et al., 2012, Ellis et al., 2011, Friedman et al., 2011, Knox et al., 2011, Venken et al., 2011, Zervas et al., 2011, Carmon et al., 2010, Deng et al., 2010, Franco-Cea et al., 2010, Perkins et al., 2010, Schnorrer et al., 2010, Wasbrough et al., 2010, Issigonis et al., 2009, Krejcí et al., 2009, Carrera et al., 2008, Fernandez-Minan et al., 2008, Helsten et al., 2008, Loer et al., 2008, Beltran et al., 2007, Dietzl et al., 2007, Dominguez-Gimenez et al., 2007, Fernández-Miñán et al., 2007, Jani and Schock, 2007, Stark et al., 2007, Stark et al., 2007, Tanentzapf et al., 2007, Levi et al., 2006, Levi et al., 2006, Lo, 2006, MacMullin and Jacobs, 2006, Stroschein-Stevenson et al., 2006, Tanentzapf and Brown, 2006)
      Name Synonyms
      Secondary FlyBase IDs
      • FBgn0035910
      • FBgn0020254
      Datasets (0)
      Study focus (0)
      Experimental Role
      Project
      Project Type
      Title
      Study result (0)
      Result
      Result Type
      Title
      External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 92 )
      Sequence Crossreferences
      NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
      GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
      GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
      RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
      UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
      UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
      Other crossreferences
      AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
      DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
      EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
      FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
      KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
      MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
      PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
      Linkouts
      BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
      Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank - Monoclonal antibodies for use in research
      Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
      FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
      Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
      Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
      FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
      iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
      Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
      MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.
      References (280)