FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\Cul3
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Cul3
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Cullin 3
Annotation Symbol
CG42616
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0261268
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
23 publicly available
Gene Summary
Cullen-3 homolog acting in protein degradation - loss of function has pleiotropic effects during development, including defects in external sensory organ development, pattern formation and cell growth and survival - targets Cubitus interruptus (Interactive Fly, Cul3 )
Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.
All Summaries
Also Known As

Cul-3, gft, guftagu, l(2)br34, l(2)35Cd

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
35C5-35D1
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-51
RefSeq locus
NT_033779 REGION:15265245..15272024
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (31 terms)
Molecular Function (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables protein binding
inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q9VFP2
(Zhang et al., 2006)
enables ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Roc1a; FB:FBgn0025638,FLYBASE:Roc1b; FB:FBgn0040291
(Reynolds et al., 2008)
inferred from direct assay
(Pae et al., 2017)
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Roc1a; FB:FBgn0025638
(Zhou et al., 2015)
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Roc1b; FB:FBgn0040291
(Zhou et al., 2015)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002631076
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
enables ubiquitin protein ligase binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002631076
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001373, InterPro:IPR016157
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Biological Process (21 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (20 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in axonogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Zhu et al., 2005)
involved_in dendrite morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Zhu et al., 2005)
involved_in imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Mistry et al., 2004)
involved_in locomotor rhythm
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Grima et al., 2012)
involved_in negative regulation of smoothened signaling pathway
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Zhou et al., 2015, Ou et al., 2007, Ou et al., 2002)
involved_in negative regulation of torso signaling pathway
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Pae et al., 2017)
involved_in pole cell fate determination
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:gcl; FB:FBgn0005695
(Pae et al., 2017)
involved_in proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:gcl; FB:FBgn0005695
(Pae et al., 2017)
inferred from direct assay
(Zhou et al., 2015)
involved_in protein K48-linked ubiquitination
inferred from direct assay
(Zhang et al., 2013)
involved_in protein polyubiquitination
inferred from direct assay
(Pae et al., 2017)
involved_in protein ubiquitination
inferred from direct assay
(Zhou et al., 2015)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Arama et al., 2007)
involved_in regulation of cell proliferation involved in compound eye morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Ou et al., 2007)
involved_in regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Pfeiffenberger and Allada, 2012)
involved_in reticulophagy
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Wang et al., 2023)
acts_upstream_of_positive_effect retrograde trans-synaptic signaling
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Kikuma et al., 2019)
involved_in sensory organ development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Mistry et al., 2004)
involved_in sleep
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Stavropoulos and Young, 2011)
involved_in sperm individualization
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Arama et al., 2007)
involved_in spermatogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Lindsley et al., 2013)
involved_in target-directed miRNA degradation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Akulenko et al., 2025)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002631076
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in protein ubiquitination
inferred by curator from GO:0031463
(Reynolds et al., 2008)
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002631076
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001373, InterPro:IPR016157
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Cellular Component (7 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (5 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:klhl10; FB:FBgn0040038
(Arama et al., 2007)
inferred from direct assay
(Akulenko et al., 2025, Zhou et al., 2015, Zhang et al., 2013, Reynolds et al., 2008)
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:gcl; FB:FBgn0005695
(Pae et al., 2017)
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Hudson and Cooley, 2010)
located_in cytosol
inferred from direct assay
(Hudson and Cooley, 2010)
colocalizes_with female germline ring canal
inferred from direct assay
(Hudson and Cooley, 2010)
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:kel; FB:FBgn0001301
(Hudson and Cooley, 2010)
is_active_in postsynaptic cytosol
inferred from direct assay
(Kikuma et al., 2019)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000232058
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
part_of cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR016157
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
is_active_in nucleus
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002631076
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Pathway (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Group (FlyBase)
CULLINS -
Cullins are an evolutionarily conserved, structurally-related gene family, with an N-terminal bearing cullin repeats followed by a cullin homology domain and a neddylation site. Cullins act as scaffolds to assemble multi-subunit Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase (CRL) complexes. A CRL complex is characterised by a cullin-RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase interaction, which acts as the catalytic core and recruits the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, and a cullin-adaptor protein-substrate recognition protein interaction which links the E3 ligase to its target for ubiquitination. (Adapted from FBrf0224296).
Pathway (FlyBase)
NEGATIVE REGULATORS OF TORSO SIGNALING PATHWAY -
Negative regulators of Torso signaling down-regulate the pathway, suppressing the activation of ERK kinase (rl).
NEGATIVE REGULATORS OF HEDGEHOG SIGNALING PATHWAY -
Negative regulators of hedgehog signaling down-regulate the pathway, resulting in the repression of transcription of hh-responsive genes.
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
l(2)35Cd
l(2)35Cd2, but not other alleles, fails to complement In(2LR)Scorv1.
Summary (Interactive Fly)

Cullen-3 homolog acting in protein degradation - loss of function has pleiotropic effects during development, including defects in external sensory organ development, pattern formation and cell growth and survival - targets Cubitus interruptus

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
4
Number of Unique Polypeptides
2

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Cul3 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q8IP45)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.43

Annotated transcripts do not represent all supported alternative splices within 5' UTR.

Gene model reviewed during 5.45

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Cul3-RC
FBtr0302157
NM_078849
3037
773
Cul3-RD
FBtr0302156
NM_165111
4332
773
Cul3-RE
FBtr0302158
NM_165110
3272
773
Cul3-RF
FBtr0302159
NM_165112
3558
934
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Cul3-PC
FBpp0291367
89.6
773
9.09
Q9V475
NP_523573
AAF53450
Cul3-PD
FBpp0291366
89.6
773
9.09
Q9V475
NP_723908
AAN10895
Cul3-PE
FBpp0291368
89.6
773
9.09
Q9V475
NP_723907
AAF53451
Cul3-PF
FBpp0291369
106.9
934
9.51
Q8IP45
NP_723909
AAN10896
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

773 aa isoforms: Cul3-PC, Cul3-PD, Cul3-PE
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Cul3 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

3.85

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 1 -- 3
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 4 -- 6
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 7 -- 8
anterior endoderm anlage
(Fisher et al., 2012)
hindgut anlage
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | faint | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
posterior endoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 9 -- 10
anterior endoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal ectoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
inclusive hindgut primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | faint | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
posterior endoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
anterior midgut primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal epidermis primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | faint | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
posterior midgut primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
tracheal primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
embryonic brain
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval midgut
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | faint | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
larval ventral nerve cord
(Fisher et al., 2012)
third instar larval stage
eye disc | ubiquitous
(Ou et al., 2002)
RT-PCR
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage | male
testis

Comment: male-specific isoform

(Arama et al., 2007)
male germline cell

Comment: male-specific isoform

(Arama et al., 2007)
Additional Descriptive Data

One Cul3 isoform (with the downstream translation start) is detected only in male germline cells. The other isoform is detected in somatic cells.

(Arama et al., 2007)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult head
(Aradska et al., 2015)
day 5 of adulthood | male -- day 7 of adulthood | male
spermatozoon
(Wasbrough et al., 2010)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:klhl10; FB:FBgn0040038
(Arama et al., 2007)
inferred from direct assay
(Akulenko et al., 2025, Zhou et al., 2015, Zhang et al., 2013, Reynolds et al., 2008)
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:gcl; FB:FBgn0005695
(Pae et al., 2017)
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Hudson and Cooley, 2010)
located_in cytosol
inferred from direct assay
(Hudson and Cooley, 2010)
colocalizes_with female germline ring canal
inferred from direct assay
(Hudson and Cooley, 2010)
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:kel; FB:FBgn0001301
(Hudson and Cooley, 2010)
is_active_in postsynaptic cytosol
inferred from direct assay
(Kikuma et al., 2019)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Cul3 in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 28 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 26 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Cul3
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Cul3
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 153 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 153 )
Gene not disrupted in
Df(2L)64j
(Furukawa et al., 1992, Ashburner et al., 1990, Ashburner, 1982)
Df(2L)A47
(Fossett et al., 1994, Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)A63
(Fossett et al., 1994, Ashburner et al., 1982, Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)A72
(Fossett et al., 1994, Ashburner et al., 1990, Ashburner et al., 1982, Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)A178
(Fossett et al., 1994, Ashburner et al., 1982, Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)A215
(Fossett et al., 1994)
Df(2L)A217
(Fossett et al., 1994, Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)A220
(Fossett et al., 1994, Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)A245
(Fossett et al., 1994, Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)A260
(Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)A264
(Fossett et al., 1994, Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)A266
(Fossett et al., 1994, Ashburner et al., 1982, Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)A267
(Fossett et al., 1994, Ashburner et al., 1990, Ashburner et al., 1982, Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)A379
(Fossett et al., 1994, Ashburner et al., 1982, Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)A400
(Fossett et al., 1994, Ashburner, 1982, Ashburner et al., 1982, Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)A445
(Fossett et al., 1994, Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)Adh-nBR100
(Fossett et al., 1994)
Df(2L)Adh-nBR105
(Fossett et al., 1994)
Df(2L)Adh-nBR106
(Fossett et al., 1994)
Df(2L)Adh-nBR107
(Fossett et al., 1994)
Df(2L)Adh-nBR117
(Fossett et al., 1994)
Df(2L)Adh-nBR119
(Fossett et al., 1994)
Df(2L)Adh-nBR121
(Fossett et al., 1994)
Df(2L)Adh-nBR122
(Fossett et al., 1994)
Df(2L)Adh-nBR127
(Fossett et al., 1994)
Df(2L)Adh-nBR128
(Fossett et al., 1994)
Df(2L)Adh-nBR131
(Fossett et al., 1994)
Df(2L)ARR1
(Furukawa et al., 1992, Ashburner et al., 1990, Ashburner, 1982)
Df(2L)b80e3
(Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)b81a1
(Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)b84a3
(Furukawa et al., 1992)
Df(2L)b84a7
(Furukawa et al., 1992)
Df(2L)b84h50
(Furukawa et al., 1992)
Df(2L)b87e25
(Zhu et al., 2005)
Df(2L)el28
(Furukawa et al., 1992, Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)fn2
(Ashburner et al., 1982, Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)fn3
(Ashburner, 1982, Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)fn5
(Furukawa et al., 1992, Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)fn7
(Ashburner, 1982, Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)fn12
(Ashburner et al., 1990, Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)fn15
(Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)fn30
(Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)fn31
(Ashburner, 1982, Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)fn36
(Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)H20
(Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)osp144
(Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)PA4
(Ashburner et al., 1983)
Df(2L)r10
(Zhu et al., 2005, Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)RA5
(Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)rd9
(Fergestad et al., 2010, Zhu et al., 2005, Roote, 1996.8, Furukawa et al., 1992, Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)RM5
(Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)RN2
(Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)Scorv4
(Ashburner et al., 1990, Ashburner et al., 1983)
Df(2L)Scorv10
(Ashburner et al., 1983)
Df(2L)Scorv14
(Ashburner et al., 1983)
Df(2L)Scorv16
(Ashburner et al., 1990, Ashburner et al., 1983)
Df(2L)Scorv18
(Ashburner et al., 1990, Ashburner et al., 1983)
Df(2L)Scorv19
(Ashburner et al., 1990, Ashburner et al., 1983)
Df(2L)Scorv25
(Ashburner et al., 1990, Ashburner et al., 1983)
Df(2L)TE35BC-1
(Ashburner, 1982)
Df(2L)TE35BC-7
(Furukawa et al., 1992)
Df(2L)TE35BC-28
(Furukawa et al., 1992)
Df(2L)TE35D-1
(Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)TE35D-2
(Roote, 1996.8, Furukawa et al., 1992, Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)TE35D-3
(Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)TE35D-13
(Roote, 1996.8, Furukawa et al., 1992, Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)TE35D-14
(Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)TE35D-19
(Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)TE35D-21
(Roote, 1996.8, Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)TE35D-22
(Cai et al., 2001, Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)W
(Ashburner et al., 1982)
In(2L)C158LScorv11R
(Ashburner et al., 1983)
In(2L)C158LScorv17R
(Ashburner et al., 1983)
In(2LR)Scorv1-DV7
(Ashburner et al., 1990)
T(2;3)Scorv7
(Ashburner et al., 1990, Ashburner and Harrington, 1984, Ashburner et al., 1983)
T(Y;2)A80DR15P
(Ashburner et al., 1982)
Ts(2Lt;3Lt)TE35BC-3+Ts(2Rt;3Rt)Scorv13
(Ashburner et al., 1983)
Ts(Y;2Lt)el4+Ts(YSt;2Rt)R15
(Ashburner et al., 1982)
Gene disrupted in
Df(2L)A48
(Cai et al., 2001, Spradling et al., 1999, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999, Fossett et al., 1994, Ashburner et al., 1982, Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)A215
(Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)A246
(Fossett et al., 1994, Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)A263
(Furukawa et al., 1992, Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)A337
(Fossett et al., 1994)
Df(2L)A376
(Fossett et al., 1994, Ashburner, 1982, Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)A377
(Ashburner, 1982, Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)Adh-nBR101
(Fossett et al., 1994)
Df(2L)Adh-nBR102
(Fossett et al., 1994)
Df(2L)Adh-nBR103
(Fossett et al., 1994)
Df(2L)Adh-nBR118
(Fossett et al., 1994)
Df(2L)Adh-nBR120
(Fossett et al., 1994)
Df(2L)Adh-nBR125
(Fossett et al., 1994)
Df(2L)Adh-nBR126
(Fossett et al., 1994)
Df(2L)Adh-nBR129
(Roote, 1996.1.11, Roote, 1996.8, Roote et al., 1996, Fossett et al., 1994)
Df(2L)Adh-nBR130
(Fossett et al., 1994)
Df(2L)b80e4
(Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)do1
(Ashburner, 1982)
Df(2L)ED3
(Ryder and Roote, 2004.11.10)
Df(2L)ED1050
(Roote, 2004.6.24)
Df(2L)el20
(Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)el80f1
(Ashburner et al., 1983)
Df(2L)Exel7062
(Ryder, 2004.4.26)
Df(2L)Exel8034
(Ryder, 2004.4.26)
Df(2L)fn1
(Ashburner et al., 1982, Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)fn26
(Ashburner et al., 1990, Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)fn27
(Ashburner et al., 1990, Ashburner, 1982, Ashburner et al., 1982, Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)k07245-mr32
(Roote, 2000.6.13)
Df(2L)n78l3
(Ashburner et al., 1990, Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)noc11
(Roote, 1996.1.11, Roote, 1996.8, Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)osp29
(Cai et al., 2001, Furukawa et al., 1992, Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)osp38
(Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)PZ06430-mr1
(Roote, 2000.6.13)
Df(2L)PZ06430-mr2
(Roote, 2000.6.13)
Df(2L)PZ06430-mr3
(Roote, 2000.6.13)
Df(2L)PZ06430-mr4
(Roote, 2000.6.13)
Df(2L)PZ06430-mr5
(Roote, 2000.6.13)
Df(2L)PZ06430-mr7
(Roote, 2000.6.13)
Df(2L)PZ06430-mr8
(Roote, 2000.6.13)
Df(2L)PZ06430-mr9
(Roote, 2000.6.13)
Df(2L)PZ06430-mr10
(Roote, 2000.6.13)
Df(2L)PZ06430-mr11
(Roote, 2000.6.13)
Df(2L)PZ06430-mr12
(Roote, 2000.6.13)
Df(2L)PZ06430-mr13
(Roote, 2000.6.13)
Df(2L)PZ06430-mr14
(Roote, 2000.6.13)
Df(2L)Sco-1
(Ashburner, 1982)
Df(2L)Sco7
(Ashburner et al., 1990, Ashburner et al., 1983)
Df(2L)Scorv23
(Ashburner et al., 1983, Ashburner, 1982)
Df(2L)SS1
(Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)TE35BC-3
(Cai et al., 2001, Ashburner et al., 1990, Ashburner, 1982, Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)TE35BC-4
(Ashburner et al., 1990, Ashburner, 1982, Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)TE35BC-24
(Zhu et al., 2005)
Df(2L)TE35BC-34
(Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)TE35D-4
(Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)TE35D-6
(Furukawa et al., 1992, Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)TE35D-15
(Furukawa et al., 1992, Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)TE35D-16
(Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)TE35D-18
(Furukawa et al., 1992)
Df(2L)TE35D-20
(Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)TE35D-23
(Ashburner et al., 1990)
In(2L)75c
(Spradling et al., 1999, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999, Ashburner, 1982)
In(2L)C158LScorv11R
(Ashburner and Harrington, 1984)
In(2L)C158LScorv17R
(Ashburner and Harrington, 1984)
In(2L)dpps22Ldppd36R
(Ashburner et al., 1990)
In(2L)el18
(Ashburner et al., 1990)
In(2LR)noc4LScorv9R
(Cai et al., 2001, Ashburner and Harrington, 1984)
In(2LR)TE35B-6LScorv9R
(Ashburner and Harrington, 1984)
Tp(2;2)A446
(Fossett et al., 1994, Ashburner et al., 1982, Ashburner et al., 1982)
Ts(2Lt;3Lt)TE35B-4+Ts(2Rt;3Rt)Scorv13
(Ashburner and Harrington, 1984)
Ts(2Lt;3Lt)TE35BC-3+Ts(2Rt;3Rt)Scorv13
(Ashburner and Harrington, 1984)
Gene duplicated in
Dp(2;1)Scorv23
(Ashburner et al., 1990, Ashburner et al., 1983, Ashburner, 1982)
Dp(2;2)TE35B-54L
(Ashburner et al., 1990)
Dp(2;3)osp3
(Ashburner et al., 1990)
In(2L)C163.41LC158R
(Ashburner et al., 1990, Ashburner, 1982)
In(2L)Scorv17LC158R
(Ashburner et al., 1990, Ashburner, 1982)
Gene not duplicated in
Dp(2;2)Adh3
(Ashburner, 1982)
Dp(2;2)GYL
(Ashburner et al., 1990, Ashburner, 1982)
Dp(2;2)GYS
(Ashburner, 1982)
Gene partially disrupted in
Df(2L)le1
(Texada et al., 2008)
Inferred from location ( 8 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
lethal, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
lethal, with Scer\GAL4tim.PE
lethal | germline clone | maternal effect | recessive
lethal | larval stage | recessive
lethal | recessive
lethal - all die before end of larval stage (with Df(2L)TE35D-15)
lethal - all die before end of larval stage | recessive
lethal - all die during embryonic stage | recessive
partially lethal - majority die, with Scer\GAL4Clk.-6939
partially lethal - majority live, with Scer\GAL44XHand
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4cry.PE
viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
viable, with Scer\GAL4P2.4.Pdf
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
Sterility
Allele
male fertile (with Cul306430)
male fertile (with Cul3gft3)
male fertile (with Cul3mds1)
male fertile (with Cul3mds2)
male fertile (with Cul3mds3)
male fertile (with Cul3mds4)
male fertile (with Cul3mds5)
male semi-sterile (with Cul3gft4)
male semi-sterile (with Cul3mds3)
male semi-sterile (with Cul3mds5)
male sterile
male sterile (with Cul3d577)
male sterile (with Cul3gft1)
male sterile (with Cul3gft2)
male sterile (with Cul3gft3)
male sterile (with Cul3gft4)
male sterile (with Cul3GR18)
male sterile (with Cul3mds1)
male sterile (with Cul3mds2)
male sterile (with Cul3mds3)
male sterile (with Cul3mds4)
male sterile (with Cul3mds5)
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal locomotor rhythm, with Scer\GAL41118
abnormal locomotor rhythm, with Scer\GAL4Clk.-6939
abnormal locomotor rhythm, with Scer\GAL4cry.PE
abnormal locomotor rhythm, with Scer\GAL4P2.4.Pdf
abnormal locomotor rhythm, with Scer\GAL4tim.PE
abnormal neuroanatomy
abnormal neurophysiology | larval stage | chemical conditional, with Scer\GAL4Mhc.PU
abnormal oxidative stress response | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
abnormal sleep, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
abnormal sleep, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
abnormal sleep | male, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
abnormal sleep | RU486 conditional, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.Switch.PO
abnormal starvation stress response | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
decreased efficacy of learning | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
decreased efficacy of memory | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
decreased rate of courtship behavior, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
decreased sleep | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
some die during embryonic stage | recessive
some die during larval stage (with Df(2L)TE35D-15)
some die during larval stage | recessive
visible, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1
visible, with Scer\GAL4sca-4512
visible | recessive | somatic clone
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
actin cytoskeleton | adult stage | female
actin cytoskeleton | adult stage | female, with Scer\GAL4VP16.mat.αTub67C
anterior crossvein, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1
campaniform sensillum, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1
campaniform sensillum | ectopic | somatic clone
campaniform sensillum of dorsal radius | ectopic | somatic clone
dorsal appendage | germline clone | maternal effect
egg | germline clone | maternal effect
external sensory organ | ectopic | somatic clone
filamentous actin
filamentous actin | oogenesis, with Scer\GAL4VP16.mat.αTub67C
lobe system of adult mushroom body, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
macrochaeta | somatic clone
mesothoracic tergum & macrochaeta, with Scer\GAL4sca-4512
microchaeta | somatic clone
neuron & alpha-lobe
neuron & beta-lobe
neuron & gamma-lobe
neuron & mushroom body
nurse cell ring canal
nurse cell ring canal, with Scer\GAL4VP16.mat.αTub67C
nurse cell ring canal | germline clone
scutellum & macrochaeta, with Scer\GAL4sca-4512
sensillum campaniformium & wing, with Scer\GAL4sca-4512
sensory mother cell | cell autonomous | ectopic | somatic clone
spermatid
spermatid (with Cul3gft1)
spermatid (with Cul3gft2)
spermatid (with Cul3gft4)
spermatid (with Cul3GR18)
spermatid (with Cul3mds1)
trichogen cell | ectopic | somatic clone
wing | somatic clone
wing disc | somatic clone
wing hair, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1
wing hair | somatic clone
wing margin bristle, with Scer\GAL4sca-4512
wing vein | somatic clone
wing vein L3 | somatic clone
wing vein L4, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (8)
Hsap\CUL3
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Hsap\CUL4A
5 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CUL1
4 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\CUL2
4 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\CUL4B
4 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\CUL5
3 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CACUL1
2 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\CUL9
1 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (7)
Rnor\Cul3
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Cul4a
5 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Cul4b
5 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Cul1
4 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Cul2
4 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Cul5
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Cacul1
2 of 14
No
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (7)
Mmus\Cul3
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Cul4a
5 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cul4b
5 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cul1
4 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cul2
4 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cul5
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cacul1
2 of 14
No
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (9)
Xtro\cul3
11 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\cul4b
4 of 13
No
No
Xtro\cul1
3 of 13
No
No
Xtro\cul4a
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\cul2
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\cul5
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\plat
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\tnnt2
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\XB5742360
1 of 13
No
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (11)
Drer\cul3a
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\cul3b
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\cul1a
4 of 14
No
No
Drer\cul4a
4 of 14
No
No
Drer\cul4b
4 of 14
No
No
Drer\cul1b
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\cul2
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\cul5a
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\cul5b
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\cacul1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\LOC108180715
1 of 14
No
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (6)
Cele\cul-3
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Cele\cul-4
5 of 14
No
No
Cele\cul-1
4 of 14
No
No
Cele\cul-6
4 of 14
No
No
Cele\cul-2
3 of 14
No
No
Cele\cul-5
3 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (6)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP008105
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP007727
5 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003605
4 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP008007
4 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP002404
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP005048
1 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (10)
Atha\CUL3
12 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\CUL3B
12 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\AT1G43140
6 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CUL1
6 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CUL2
6 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CUL4
5 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT1G59790
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT1G59800
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT3G46910
3 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT4G12100
3 of 13
No
Yes
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (3)
Scer\CUL3
11 of 13
Yes
Yes
Scer\CDC53
3 of 13
No
No
Scer\RTT101
1 of 13
No
No
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (3)
Spom\cul3
11 of 12
Yes
Yes
Spom\pcu4
5 of 12
No
No
Spom\cul1
3 of 12
No
No
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Cul3. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (6)
Cul4
9 of 13
Cul6
6 of 13
Cul1
5 of 13
Cul2
5 of 13
Cul5
5 of 13
mr
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
Allele
Disease
Evidence
References
Cul3NIG.11861R
model of  autism spectrum disorder
CEA
(Tener et al., 2024)
Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )
Human Ortholog
Disease
Evidence
References
CUL3; cullin 3
model of  neurodevelopmental disorder with or without autism or seizures
IEA
(FlyBase, 2019-)
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 2 )
Allele
Disease
Interaction
References
Cul3HMS01572
exacerbates  cancer
modeled by RbfHMS03004
(Parkhitko et al., 2021)
Cul3gft2
exacerbates  neurofibromatosis
modeled by Nf1E2
(Walker et al., 2013)
Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
Homo sapiens (Human)
Gene name
Score
OMIM
OMIM Phenotype
DO term
Complementation?
Transgene?
CUL3; cullin 3
14 of 14
603136
CUL4A; cullin 4A
5 of 14
603137
      CUL1; cullin 1
      4 of 14
      603134
           
          CUL2; cullin 2
          4 of 14
          603135
               
              CUL4B; cullin 4B
              4 of 14
              300304
               
              CUL5; cullin 5
              3 of 14
              601741
                  Functional Complementation Data
                  Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
                  Interactions
                  Summary of Physical Interactions
                  Interaction Browsers
                  View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
                  Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
                  protein-protein
                  Physical Interaction
                  Assay
                  References
                  Cul3 - CG9426
                  anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based, two hybrid
                  (Rhee et al., 2014, Arama et al., 2007)
                  Cul3 - Cand1
                  pull down, western blot, autoradiography
                  (Kim et al., 2010)
                  Cul3 - KLHL18
                  anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, cosedimentation through density gradient, Identification by mass spectrometry, anti tag western blot
                  (Fujiyama-Nakamura et al., 2009)
                  Cul3 - Nedd8
                  anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
                  (Chan et al., 2008)
                  Cul3 - Roc1a
                  anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti tag western blot
                  (Zhou et al., 2015, Reynolds et al., 2008)
                  Cul3 - Roc1b
                  anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti tag western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry
                  (Zhou et al., 2015, Zhang et al., 2013, Reynolds et al., 2008, Donaldson et al., 2004)
                  Cul3 - ScsβA
                  anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, two hybrid
                  (Aram et al., 2016)
                  Cul3 - ScsβG
                  anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
                  (Aram et al., 2016)
                  Cul3 - Tango10
                  anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry, western blot, anti tag western blot
                  (Lee et al., 2021)
                  Cul3 - Thor
                  anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
                  (Glatter et al., 2011)
                  Cul3 - ci
                  enzymatic study, peptide massfingerprinting
                  (Zhang et al., 2013)
                  Cul3 - dbo
                  anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
                  (Strutt et al., 2013)
                  Cul3 - gcl
                  anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, affinity technology, Identification by mass spectrometry, western blot
                  (Pae et al., 2017)
                  Cul3 - inc
                  anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, molecular sieving, molecular weight estimation by staining, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, isothermal titration calorimetry, predetermined participant
                  (Li et al., 2025, Pirone et al., 2016, Pfeiffenberger and Allada, 2012, Stavropoulos and Young, 2011)
                  Cul3 - kel
                  pull down, western blot, coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation
                  (Hudson et al., 2015, Strutt et al., 2013, Hudson and Cooley, 2010)
                  Cul3 - klhl10
                  two hybrid, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
                  (Aram et al., 2016, Arama et al., 2007)
                  Cul3 - rdx
                  anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, two hybrid, pull down, autoradiography, western blot
                  (Zhou et al., 2015, Zhang et al., 2013, Kim et al., 2010, Arama et al., 2007, Zhang et al., 2006)
                  Cul3 - soti
                  anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, western blot
                  (Aram et al., 2016, Kaplan et al., 2010)
                  Cul3 - tim
                  coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
                  (Grima et al., 2012)
                  Summary of Genetic Interactions
                  Interaction Browsers
                  View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
                  Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
                  Starting gene(s)
                  Interaction type
                  Interacting gene(s)
                  Reference
                  Cul3
                  suppressible
                  hts
                  (Hudson et al., 2019)
                  Cul3
                  suppressible
                  soti
                  (Kaplan et al., 2010)
                  Starting gene(s)
                  Interaction type
                  Interacting gene(s)
                  Reference
                  cindr
                  suppressible
                  Cul3
                  (Ketosugbo et al., 2017)
                  COX5A
                  suppressible
                  Cul3
                  (Mandal et al., 2010)
                  Cul5
                  suppressible
                  Cul3
                  (Ayyub et al., 2005)
                  Dref
                  suppressible
                  Cul3
                  (Ida et al., 2009)
                  gcl
                  suppressible
                  Cul3
                  (Pae et al., 2017)
                  Gαs
                  suppressible
                  Cul3
                  (Mistry et al., 2004)
                  klhl10
                  suppressible
                  Cul3
                  (Aram et al., 2016)
                  klhl10
                  enhanceable
                  Cul3
                  (Aram et al., 2016)
                  KLHL18
                  enhanceable
                  Cul3
                  (Fujiyama-Nakamura et al., 2009)
                  Nf1
                  enhanceable
                  Cul3
                  (Walker et al., 2013)
                  External Data
                  Linkouts
                  BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
                  DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                  MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                  MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                  Pathways
                  Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
                  Metabolic Pathways
                  FlyBase
                  External Links
                  External Data
                  Linkouts
                  KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
                  Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
                  SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.
                  Class of Gene
                  Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
                  Chromosome (arm)
                  2L
                  Recombination map
                  2-51
                  Cytogenetic map
                  35C5-35D1
                  Sequence location
                  FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
                  Cytogenetic map
                  Evidence for location
                  35C5-35D1
                  Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}vigEP812&P{PZ}stc05441 and P{EP}esgEP633&P{PZ}esg07082
                  Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
                  Cytogenetic map
                  Notes
                  References
                  35D1-35D4
                  (determined by in situ hybridisation)
                  (Ashburner et al., 1999, Spradling et al., 1999, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
                  Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
                  Location

                  2-51

                  (FlyBase, 2016)

                  2-48.2

                  (Comeron et al., 2012)
                  Left of (cM)
                  Right of (cM)
                  Notes

                  Recombinants of gft06430 indicate that the gene order is rd l(2)35Cc gft.

                  (Ashburner et al., 1999.10.12)
                  Stocks and Reagents
                  Stocks (23)
                  Genomic Clones (18)
                   

                  Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

                  cDNA Clones (98)
                   

                  Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

                  cDNA clones, fully sequenced
                  BDGP DGC clones
                  Other clones
                  Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

                  For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

                  cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
                  BDGP DGC clones
                  Other clones
                  RNAi and Array Information
                  Linkouts
                  DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                  Antibody Information
                  Laboratory Generated Antibodies
                   
                  Commercially Available Antibodies
                   
                  Cell Line Information
                  Publicly Available Cell Lines
                   
                    Other Stable Cell Lines
                     
                      Other Comments

                      Cul-3 is required for the circadian control of per and tim protein oscillations.

                      (Grima et al., 2012)

                      Normal gft function requires an intact Nedd8 conjugation site.

                      (Zhu et al., 2005)

                      gft plays an essential role in both axonal arborization and proper elaboration of dendrites and may require neddylation for its proper function.

                      (Zhu et al., 2005)

                      gft mutant axons often stall around branching points, and it is possible that mutant neurites become truncated because of defects in arborization rather than extension.

                      (Zhu et al., 2005)

                      Perturbation of gft function has pleiotropic effects during development, including defects in external sensory organ development, defects patterning in the wing and notum and defects in cell growth and survival.

                      (Mistry et al., 2004)

                      New annotation (CG31829) in release 3 of the genome annotation.

                      (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003)

                      1 additional allele is discussed but is not named.

                      (Ashburner et al., 1990)
                      Relationship to Other Genes
                      Source for database merge of

                      Source for merge of: gft CG31829

                      (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2009)
                      Additional comments

                      Annotations CG11861 and CG31829 merged as CG42616 in release 5.20 of the genome annotation.

                      (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2009)
                      Nomenclature History
                      Source for database identify of

                      Source for identity of: Cul3 cul-3

                      (FlyBase, 2009-)
                      Nomenclature comments

                      Renamed to be consistent with FlyBase nomenclature rules.

                      (FlyBase, 2009-)
                      Etymology

                      Gene is named "medusa" (in Greek mythology, Medusa represents both life and death) based on the mutant phenotype that affects caspase activation.

                      (Arama et al., 2007)

                      The gene is named "guftagu", an Urdu word that means "private conversation", because it appears that the gene product has a "private conversation" with the activated G-sα60A signalling pathway in order to modify the phenotype caused by expression of constitutively activated G-sα60A protein.

                      (Mistry et al., 2004)

                      'guftagu' means 'private conversation' in Urdu, reflecting the experimental eavesdropping (by identification of suppressive interactions) on the interaction between gft and G-sα60A.

                      (Mistry, 1997)
                      Synonyms and Secondary IDs (30)
                      Reported As
                      Symbol Synonym
                      BG:DS07851.2
                      (Ashburner et al., 1999, Ashburner et al., 1999.10.12)
                      CG11861
                      (Ida et al., 2009, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009, Haerty et al., 2007, Donaldson et al., 2004)
                      CG31829
                      (Fujiyama-Nakamura et al., 2009, Arama et al., 2007)
                      CG42616
                      (National Institute of Genetics Fly Stocks, 2022-, Hrizo et al., 2021, Hosono et al., 2015, Glatter et al., 2011, Ni et al., 2011.7.19, FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2009)
                      CUL-3
                      (Tataroglu and Emery, 2015, Guo et al., 2014, Kaplan et al., 2010)
                      CUL3
                      (Umberger and Ogden, 2021, Pae et al., 2017, Lu et al., 2013, Higa et al., 2003)
                      Cul-3
                      (Ribot et al., 2022, Parkhitko et al., 2021, Zhu et al., 2017, Lindsley et al., 2013, Strutt et al., 2013, Strutt et al., 2013, Freeman et al., 2012, Grima et al., 2012, Du et al., 2011, Hudson and Cooley, 2010, Wasbrough et al., 2010, Wasbrough et al., 2010, Mistry et al., 2003)
                      Cul3
                      (Peng et al., 2024, Tener et al., 2024, Huang et al., 2023, Wang et al., 2023, National Institute of Genetics Fly Stocks, 2022-, Bilder et al., 2021, Goel and Dickman, 2021, Hirschhäuser et al., 2021, Lee et al., 2021, Frank et al., 2020, Lin et al., 2020, Maurer et al., 2020, Wang et al., 2020, Chen et al., 2019, Hudson et al., 2019, Kikuma et al., 2019, Gene Disruption Project members, 2018-, Hill et al., 2018, Ly et al., 2018, Suisse et al., 2018, Ketosugbo et al., 2017, Kim et al., 2017, Fu et al., 2016, Pirone et al., 2016, Wang et al., 2016, Hudson et al., 2015, Zhou et al., 2015, Huang et al., 2014, Strutt et al., 2013, Zhang et al., 2013, Zhang et al., 2013, Pfeiffenberger and Allada, 2012, Du et al., 2011, Sarikas et al., 2011, Stavropoulos and Young, 2011, Kim et al., 2010, Chan et al., 2008, Chan et al., 2008, Rencus-Lazar et al., 2008, Reynolds et al., 2008, Wang and Price, 2008, Arama et al., 2007, Chien-Hsiang et al., 2007, Ou et al., 2007, Jiang, 2006, Ou et al., 2006, Zhang et al., 2006, Wu et al., 2005, Zhu et al., 2005, Heriche et al., 2003, Ou et al., 2003, Jiang, 2002, Ou et al., 2002)
                      Cullin 3
                      (Roberts et al., 2012)
                      Cullin3
                      (Zhao et al., 2022, Piedade and Famulski, 2021, Puñal et al., 2021, Roberts et al., 2012)
                      DMcul-3
                      (Filippov et al., 2000)
                      br34
                      (Furukawa et al., 1992, Ashburner and Harrington, 1984)
                      cul-3
                      (Abdalla et al., 2022, Qian et al., 2015)
                      cul3
                      (Hill et al., 2020, Neukomm et al., 2017, Pae et al., 2017, Zhou et al., 2015, Liu et al., 2014, Walker et al., 2013, Wong et al., 2013, Ayyub, 2011, Kaplan et al., 2010, Djagaeva and Doronkin, 2009, Arama et al., 2007, Arama et al., 2007)
                      dCul-3
                      (Mistry and Skeath, 2001)
                      dCul3
                      (Fujiyama-Nakamura et al., 2009, Bocca et al., 2001)
                      gft
                      (Fergestad et al., 2010, Foley et al., 2010, Mandal et al., 2010, Ida et al., 2009, Font-Burgada et al., 2008, Roote, 2008.8.22, Beltran et al., 2007, Skeath, 2007.3.20, Moorman et al., 2006, Ayyub et al., 2005, Zhu et al., 2005, Pasyukova et al., 2004, Heriche et al., 2003)
                      gft/dCul-3
                      (Mistry et al., 2004)
                      guftagu
                      (Heriche et al., 2003)
                      l(2)06430
                      l(2)35Cd
                      (Ashburner et al., 1999, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna, Alexandrova et al., 1996, Roote et al., 1996, Spradling et al., 1995)
                      l(2)br34
                      (The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna, Ashburner et al., 1990, Ashburner et al., 1983, Ashburner, 1982, Ashburner et al., 1982, Ashburner et al., 1982)
                      l35Cd
                      (Fossett et al., 1994)
                      mds
                      (Arama et al., 2007)
                      Name Synonyms
                      CG31829
                      Cullin
                      (Alexandre et al., 2008)
                      Cullin 3
                      (François et al., 2023, Hirschhäuser et al., 2021, Hrizo et al., 2021, Copf, 2015, Guo et al., 2014, Mandal et al., 2010)
                      Cullin-3
                      (Shafer, 2025, Wenner and Pekala, 2022, Ogueta et al., 2020, Ly et al., 2018, Nakajima and Kuranaga, 2017, Singh et al., 2014, Freeman et al., 2013, Hudson and Cooley, 2010, Wasbrough et al., 2010, Arama et al., 2007, Mistry et al., 2003)
                      Cullin3
                      (Zhao et al., 2022, Harrison et al., 2020, Kim et al., 2010, Djagaeva and Doronkin, 2009, Djagaeva and Doronkin, 2009, Zhu et al., 2005, Lin et al., 2002)
                      cullin 3
                      cullin-3
                      (Kaplan et al., 2010, Arama et al., 2007, Arama et al., 2006)
                      cullin3
                      (Djagaeva and Doronkin, 2009, Texada et al., 2008, Ou et al., 2007, Wu et al., 2005)
                      guftagu
                      (Fujiyama-Nakamura et al., 2009, Ida et al., 2009, Texada et al., 2008, Zhu et al., 2005, Pasyukova et al., 2004, Mistry, 1997)
                      medusa
                      (Arama et al., 2007)
                      Secondary FlyBase IDs
                      • FBgn0001980
                      • FBgn0027882
                      • FBgn0051829
                      Datasets (0)
                      Study focus (0)
                      Experimental Role
                      Project
                      Project Type
                      Title
                      Study result (0)
                      Result
                      Result Type
                      Title
                      External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 80 )
                      Sequence Crossreferences
                      NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                      GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
                      GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                      RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                      UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
                      UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                      Other crossreferences
                      AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
                      BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
                      DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
                      EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
                      FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
                      InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
                      KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                      MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
                      Linkouts
                      BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
                      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
                      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                      Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
                      FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                      Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
                      FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
                      iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
                      Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
                      KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
                      MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                      MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                      Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
                      SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.
                      References (219)