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FB2021_02, released April 13, 2021

Gene: Dmel\NT1

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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\NT1
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Neurotrophin 1
Annotation Symbol
CG42576
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0261526
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
5 publicly available
Gene Summary
Neurotrophin which may function as a ligand for the Toll-related receptors Toll-7 and Tollo (PubMed:22022271, PubMed:23892553). Binds to Toll-7 and probably acts as its ligand in promoting motor axon targeting and neuronal survival in the central nervous system (CNS) (PubMed:23892553). Involved in synaptic targeting of ISNb/d motorneurons and also some SNa motorneurons (PubMed:19018662). In larvae, involved in the negative regulation of the tracheal immune response to bacterial infection perhaps by acting as a ligand for the Toll-related receptor Tollo (PubMed:22022271). May be involved in the normal development of specific neurons at the neuromuscular junction (PubMed:24124519). (UniProt, B7TB45)
Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.
All Summaries
Also Known As

DNT1, Spz2, spatzle 2, Spz-2

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
64B9-64B9
Sequence location
3L:4,501,652..4,508,433 [-]
Recombination map
3-12
RefSeq locus
NT_037436 REGION:4501652..4508433
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
GO Summary Ribbons
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (14 terms)
Molecular Function (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables growth factor activity
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Zhu et al., 2008)
enables receptor ligand activity
inferred from direct assay
(Chowdhury et al., 2019)
enables Toll binding
inferred from direct assay
(Chowdhury et al., 2019)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables growth factor activity
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002354018
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
enables Toll binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002354018
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Biological Process (9 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (7 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in axon guidance
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Zhu et al., 2008)
involved_in central nervous system formation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Zhu et al., 2008)
involved_in motor neuron axon guidance
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Zhu et al., 2008)
involved_in nervous system development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Zhu et al., 2008)
involved_in regulation of cell death
inferred from direct assay
(Zhu et al., 2008)
involved_in regulation of neuronal synaptic plasticity in response to neurotrophin
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Zhu et al., 2008)
involved_in Toll signaling pathway
inferred from direct assay
(Chowdhury et al., 2019)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in central nervous system formation
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002354018
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
involved_in innate immune response
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002354018
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
involved_in regulation of Toll signaling pathway
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002354018
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Cellular Component (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in extracellular space
inferred from direct assay
(Chowdhury et al., 2019)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in extracellular region
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002354018
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Pathway (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Group (FlyBase)
SPATZLES -
The spatzles are a family of secreted proteins that share a neutrotrophin-like cystine-knot domain. Proteolytically activated, spz binds Tl and activates canonical Toll signaling in embryonic dorsal-ventral patterning and innate immunity. spz, spz5 and NT1 are more closely related to each other and to the vertebrate neurotrophins than other members of the spatzle family and some family members have neutrophin-like activity. (Adpated from FBrf0206302).
Pathway (FlyBase)
Toll-NF-κB Signaling Pathway Core Components -
In Drosophila, the canonical Toll signaling pathway is initiated by the binding of a spatzle ligand to Toll (Tl) or a Toll-like receptor leading to the nuclear localization of the NF-κB (dl or Dif) transcription factor. (Adapted from FBrf0091014 and FBrf0223077).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Neurotrophin which may function as a ligand for the Toll-related receptors Toll-7 and Tollo (PubMed:22022271, PubMed:23892553). Binds to Toll-7 and probably acts as its ligand in promoting motor axon targeting and neuronal survival in the central nervous system (CNS) (PubMed:23892553). Involved in synaptic targeting of ISNb/d motorneurons and also some SNa motorneurons (PubMed:19018662). In larvae, involved in the negative regulation of the tracheal immune response to bacterial infection perhaps by acting as a ligand for the Toll-related receptor Tollo (PubMed:22022271). May be involved in the normal development of specific neurons at the neuromuscular junction (PubMed:24124519).
(UniProt, B7TB45)
Summary (Interactive Fly)

secreted ligand that maintains neuronal survival - expression rescues naturally occurring cell death and enables targeting by motor neurons

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
7
Number of Unique Polypeptides
3

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\NT1 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Comments on Gene Model

Multiphase exon postulated: exon reading frame differs in alternative transcripts; overlap >20aa.

Gene model reviewed during 5.46

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
gene
(Waterhouse et al., 2007)
nuclear_gene
protein_coding_gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
NT1-RB
FBtr0301517
NM_168091
2012
454
NT1-RC
FBtr0301518
NM_168092
1608
454
NT1-RD
FBtr0301519
NM_001169877
3782
886
NT1-RE
FBtr0301520
NM_001169878
1900
454
NT1-RF
FBtr0301608
NM_168090
3873
1042
NT1-RG
FBtr0333586
NM_001274488
3985
1042
NT1-RH
FBtr0333587
NM_001274489
3581
1042
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
RefSeq ID
GenBank
NT1-PB
FBpp0290732
50.9
454
4.75
NP_729010
AAN11606
NT1-PC
FBpp0290733
50.9
454
4.75
NP_729011
AAN11607
NT1-PD
FBpp0290734
100.3
886
6.61
NP_001163348
ACZ94620
NT1-PE
FBpp0290735
50.9
454
4.75
NP_001163349
ACZ94621
NT1-PF
FBpp0290823
114.4
1042
6.42
NP_729009
AAF47915
NT1-PG
FBpp0305763
114.4
1042
6.42
NP_001261417
AGB94112
NT1-PH
FBpp0305764
114.4
1042
6.42
NP_001261418
AGB94113
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

454 aa isoforms: NT1-PB, NT1-PC, NT1-PE
1042 aa isoforms: NT1-PF, NT1-PG, NT1-PH
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Homodimer; disulfide-linked.

(UniProt, B7TB45)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\NT1 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Expression Summary Ribbons
Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.
For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.
Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
ventral midline of embryo
(Zhu et al., 2008)
embryonic/larval muscle system
(Zhu et al., 2008)
embryonic/larval epidermis
(Zhu et al., 2008)
A1-7 ventral longitudinal muscle 1
(Zhu et al., 2008)
A1-7 ventral longitudinal muscle 2
(Zhu et al., 2008)
A1-7 ventral longitudinal muscle 3
(Zhu et al., 2008)
A1-7 ventral longitudinal muscle 4
(Zhu et al., 2008)
embryonic stage 9 -- 12
midline primordium | subset
(Kearney et al., 2004)
embryonic stage 11
midline glial cell
(Wheeler et al., 2006)
posterior midline glial cell
(Wheeler et al., 2006)
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
midline primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 13
midline glial cell
(Wheeler et al., 2006)
posterior midline glial cell
(Wheeler et al., 2006)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
embryonic dorsal epidermis
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic head epidermis
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic proventriculus
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic ventral epidermis
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval dorsal trunk
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval visceral branch
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral midline of embryo
(Fisher et al., 2012)
midline glial cell
(Kearney et al., 2004)
embryonic stage 17
embryonic/larval central nervous system | restricted

Comment: two lateral cells per hemisegment

(Zhu et al., 2008)
larval stage
lamina
(Zhu et al., 2008)
adult stage
adult optic lobe
(Zhu et al., 2008)
adult brain
(Zhu et al., 2008)
calyx of adult mushroom body
(Zhu et al., 2008)
Additional Descriptive Data

Expression assayed at stages 9, 11, 13, and 17. Expression may be continuous between assayed stages in some tissues.

(Wheeler et al., 2006)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in extracellular space
inferred from direct assay
(Chowdhury et al., 2019)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\NT1 in GBrowse 2
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 3 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 15 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of NT1
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of NT1
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 1 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 1 )
Gene disrupted in
Df(3L)Exel6101
(Ryder, 2004.4.26)
Inferred from location ( 0 )
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
viable
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
Sterility
Allele
fertile
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal neuroanatomy
abnormal neuroanatomy, with NT141, Scer\GAL4how-24B
abnormal neuroanatomy, with NT1dsRNA.CK.UAS, Scer\GAL4how-24B
abnormal neuroanatomy, with Scer\GAL4how-24B
abnormal neuroanatomy (with Df(3L)ED4342)
abnormal neuroanatomy (with NT141)
abnormal neuroanatomy (with NT155)
decreased cell death, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
decreased cell death, with Scer\GAL4sim.PS
increased cell death
increased cell death | embryonic stage 17, with Df(3L)ED4342, Scer\GAL4sim.PS
increased cell death | embryonic stage 17, with NT141, Scer\GAL4sim.PS
increased cell death | embryonic stage 17, with NT1dsRNA.CK.UAS, Scer\GAL4sim.PS
increased cell death | embryonic stage 17, with NT1dsRNA.pro.UAS, Scer\GAL4sim.PS
increased cell death | embryonic stage 17, with NT1dsRNA.pwCK.UAS, Scer\GAL4sim.PS
increased cell death | embryonic stage 17 (with Df(3L)ED4342)
increased cell death | embryonic stage 17 (with NT141), with Scer\GAL4sim.PS
increased cell death | embryonic stage 17 (with NT1dsRNA.CK.UAS), with Scer\GAL4sim.PS
increased cell death | embryonic stage 17 (with NT1dsRNA.pro.UAS), with Scer\GAL4sim.PS
long lived, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
embryonic/larval central nervous system
larval intersegmental nerve branch ISNb of A1-7
larval intersegmental nerve branch ISNb of A1-7, with NT141, Scer\GAL4how-24B
larval intersegmental nerve branch ISNb of A1-7, with NT1dsRNA.CK.UAS, Scer\GAL4how-24B
larval intersegmental nerve branch ISNb of A1-7 (with Df(3L)ED4342)
larval intersegmental nerve branch ISNb of A1-7 (with NT141)
larval intersegmental nerve branch ISNb of A1-7 (with NT141), with Scer\GAL4how-24B
larval intersegmental nerve branch ISNb of A1-7 (with NT155)
larval intersegmental nerve branch ISNb of A1-7 (with NT1dsRNA.CK.UAS), with Scer\GAL4how-24B
larval intersegmental nerve branch ISNd of A1-7
larval intersegmental nerve branch ISNd of A1-7, with NT141, Scer\GAL4how-24B
larval intersegmental nerve branch ISNd of A1-7, with NT1dsRNA.CK.UAS, Scer\GAL4how-24B
larval intersegmental nerve branch ISNd of A1-7 (with Df(3L)ED4342)
larval intersegmental nerve branch ISNd of A1-7 (with NT141)
larval intersegmental nerve branch ISNd of A1-7 (with NT141), with Scer\GAL4how-24B
larval intersegmental nerve branch ISNd of A1-7 (with NT155)
larval intersegmental nerve branch ISNd of A1-7 (with NT1dsRNA.CK.UAS), with Scer\GAL4how-24B
larval segmental nerve
larval segmental nerve, with NT141, Scer\GAL4how-24B
larval segmental nerve, with NT1dsRNA.CK.UAS, Scer\GAL4how-24B
larval segmental nerve (with Df(3L)ED4342)
larval segmental nerve (with NT141)
larval segmental nerve (with NT141), with Scer\GAL4how-24B
larval segmental nerve (with NT155)
larval segmental nerve (with NT1dsRNA.CK.UAS), with Scer\GAL4how-24B
larval segmental nerve branch SNa of A1-7
motor neuron, with Scer\GAL4how-24B
presumptive embryonic/larval nervous system, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Download All OrthoDB Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Homo sapiens (Human) (0)
No records found.
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (0)
No records found.
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (0)
No records found.
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (0)
No records found.
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (0)
No records found.
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (0)
No records found.
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
No records found.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
No records found.
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
No records found.
Ortholog(s) in Drosophila Species (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091902G6 )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
AAA Syntenic Ortholog
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Drosophila suzukii
Spotted wing Drosophila
Dsuz\DS10_00010164
Drosophila simulans
Dsim\NT1
Drosophila sechellia
Dsec\NT1
Drosophila erecta
Dere\NT1
Drosophila yakuba
Dyak\NT1
Drosophila ananassae
Dana\GF24727
Drosophila persimilis
Dper\NT1
Drosophila willistoni
Dwil\NT1
Drosophila virilis
Dvir\NT1
Drosophila mojavensis
Dmoj\NT1
Drosophila grimshawi
Dgri\NT1
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091500XB )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Musca domestica
House fly
Mdoa\17025251
Glossina morsitans
Tsetse fly
Gmor\GMOY002930
Lucilia cuprina
Australian sheep blowfly
Lcup\FF38_05105
Mayetiola destructor
Hessian fly
Mdes\Mdes000084
Aedes aegypti
Yellow fever mosquito
Aaeg\SPZ2
Culex quinquefasciatus
Southern house mosquito
Cqui\CPIJ000273
Culex quinquefasciatus
Southern house mosquito
Cqui\CPIJ000272
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090W0AEG )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Bombyx mori
Silkmoth
Bmor\BGIBMGA010871
Danaus plexippus
Monarch butterfly
Dple\DPOGS202443-PA
Heliconius melpomene
Postman butterfly
Hmel\HMEL005137
Apis florea
Little honeybee
Aflo\2147717219
Apis mellifera
Western honey bee
Amel\GB40604
Bombus impatiens
Common eastern bumble bee
Bimp\BIMP20037
Bombus terrestris
Buff-tailed bumblebee
Bter\15205994
Linepithema humile
Argentine ant
Lhum\LH21439
Megachile rotundata
Alfalfa leafcutting bee
Mrot\MROTU:000717
Nasonia vitripennis
Parasitic wasp
Nvit\Nasvi2EG004000
Nasonia vitripennis
Parasitic wasp
Nvit\Nasvi2EG003999
Dendroctonus ponderosae
Mountain pine beetle
Dpod\YQE_11631
Pediculus humanus
Human body louse
Phum\PHUM057390
Rhodnius prolixus
Kissing bug
Rpro\RPRC013110
Cimex lectularius
Bed bug
Clec\CLEC009132
Acyrthosiphon pisum
Pea aphid
Apim\ACYPI003414
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090X0AAX )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Strigamia maritima
European centipede
Smar\SMAR004336
Ixodes scapularis
Black-legged tick
Isca\ISCW022034
Ixodes scapularis
Black-legged tick
Isca\ISCW008795
Stegodyphus mimosarum
African social velvet spider
Smim\KFM69584.1
Stegodyphus mimosarum
African social velvet spider
Smim\KFM63603.1
Tetranychus urticae
Two-spotted spider mite
Turt\tetur11g04440
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_307729
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_308991
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_313480
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_308970
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_308972
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_226032
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_325709
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_306629
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_248977
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_27551
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_237158
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_309050
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_98282
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_313555
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_237169
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_313415
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_237263
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_313646
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_313586
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_237294
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_308993
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_313673
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_222316
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_107626
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_308971
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( None identified )
No non-Arthropod Metazoa orthologies identified
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (5)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
orthoMCL
Panther
RoundUp
Alignment
spz3
1 of 10
spz4
1 of 10
spz5
1 of 10
spz6
1 of 10
spz
1 of 10
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Model Summary Ribbon
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    NT1Cysknot.UAS
    ameliorates  Alzheimer's disease
    modeled by Hsap\APPArctic.UAS.Tag:SS(nec)
    (Lim et al., 2015)
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    esyN Network Diagram
    Show neighbor-neighbor interactions:
    Select Layout:
    Legend:
    Protein
    RNA
    Selected Interactor(s)
    Interactions Browser
    View in Interactions Browser
    Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
    protein-protein
    Physical Interaction
    Assay
    References
    NT1 - Tl
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
    (Chowdhury et al., 2019)
    NT1 - Toll-6
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
    (Foldi et al., 2017)
    NT1 - Toll-7
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
    (Chowdhury et al., 2019, McIlroy et al., 2013)
    NT1 - kek6
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
    (Ulian-Benitez et al., 2017)
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    esyN Network Diagram
    esyN Network Key:
    Suppression
    Enhancement
    View in Interactions Browser
    Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    NT1|spz5
    suppressible
    kek2
    (Ulian-Benitez et al., 2017)
    NT1|spz5
    suppressible
    kek3
    (Ulian-Benitez et al., 2017)
    NT1|spz5
    suppressible
    kek5
    (Ulian-Benitez et al., 2017)
    NT1|spz5
    suppressible
    kek6
    (Ulian-Benitez et al., 2017)
    NT1
    suppressible
    spz5
    (Zhu et al., 2008)
    NT1
    enhanceable
    spz5
    (Zhu et al., 2008)
    spz|NT1
    enhanceable
    spz5
    (Zhu et al., 2008)
    NT1
    enhanceable
    spz5|spz
    (Zhu et al., 2008)
    spz5|NT1
    enhanceable
    spz
    (Zhu et al., 2008)
    NT1
    suppressible
    spz
    (Zhu et al., 2008)
    NT1|spz5
    suppressible
    Tl
    (McIlroy et al., 2013)
    NT1|spz5
    suppressible
    Toll-6
    (McIlroy et al., 2013)
    NT1
    suppressible
    Toll-7
    (McIlroy et al., 2013)
    NT1|spz5
    suppressible
    Toll-7
    (McIlroy et al., 2013)
    NT1|Toll-6
    suppressible
    Toll-7
    (McIlroy et al., 2013)
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    spz5
    enhanceable
    NT1|spz
    (Zhu et al., 2008)
    spz5
    enhanceable
    NT1
    (Zhu et al., 2008)
    spz5
    suppressible
    NT1
    (Zhu et al., 2008)
    spz5|spz
    enhanceable
    NT1
    (Zhu et al., 2008)
    spz
    enhanceable
    NT1|spz5
    (Zhu et al., 2008)
    External Data
    Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
    Homodimer; disulfide-linked.
    (UniProt, B7TB45 )
    Linkouts
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Toll-NF-κB Signaling Pathway Core Components -
    In Drosophila, the canonical Toll signaling pathway is initiated by the binding of a spatzle ligand to Toll (Tl) or a Toll-like receptor leading to the nuclear localization of the NF-κB (dl or Dif) transcription factor. (Adapted from FBrf0091014 and FBrf0223077).
    Metabolic Pathways
    External Data
    Linkouts
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    3L
    Recombination map
    3-12
    Cytogenetic map
    64B9-64B9
    Sequence location
    3L:4,501,652..4,508,433 [-]
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    64B9-64B9
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}l(3)rG166rG166 and P{PZ}sinu06524
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Location

    3-12

    (FlyBase, 2016)

    3-10.1

    (Comeron et al., 2012)
    Left of (cM)
    Right of (cM)
    Notes
    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (5)
    Genomic Clones (22)
    cDNA Clones (24)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
    Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

    For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

    cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
    RNAi and Array Information
    Linkouts
    DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
    GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
    Antibody Information
    Laboratory Generated Antibodies
     

    polyclonal

    (McIlroy et al., 2013)
    Commercially Available Antibodies
     
    Other Information
    Relationship to Other Genes
    Source for database identify of
    Source for database merge of

    Source for merge of: CG32242 CG32244

    (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2009)

    Source for merge of: spz2 CG42576

    (Parker et al., 2001)

    Source for merge of: NT1 spz2

    (Zhu et al., 2008)
    Additional comments

    Annotations CG32242 and CG32244 merged CG42576 in release 5.17 of the genome annotation.

    (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2009)

    Annotation CG18318 split into CG32242 and CG32244 in release 3 of the genome annotation.

    (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003)
    Other Comments

    Neurons die in excess in the absence of NT1.

    (Zhu et al., 2008)

    NT1 promotes cell survival non-autonomously in the CNS.

    (Zhu et al., 2008)

    NT1 produced by the muscle enables correct motor neuron targeting.

    (Zhu et al., 2008)

    NT1 and spz are expressed in the embryonic lateral muscles in a complementary pattern, suggesting that they may aid targeting by different axonal projections and promote the survival of distinct subsets of neurons.

    (Zhu et al., 2008)

    Identification: BLAST and other bioinformatic tools have identified a neurotrophin sequence homologue exhibiting sequence and structural conservation of functionally-important residues of the neurotrophin cystine-knot family.

    (Zhu et al., 2006)
    Origin and Etymology
    Discoverer
    Etymology
    Identification
    External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 44 )
    Sequence Crossreferences
    NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
    GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
    GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
    RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
    UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
    UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
    Other crossreferences
    BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
    Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
    Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
    Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
    FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
    GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
    InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
    KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
    modMine - A data warehouse for the modENCODE project
    Linkouts
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
    FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
    Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
    MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    Synonyms and Secondary IDs (17)
    Reported As
    Symbol Synonym
    CG18318
    (Wang and Zhu, 2009, Zhu et al., 2008, Altenhein et al., 2006, Mushegian and Medzhitov, 2001, Parker et al., 2001)
    CG32242
    (Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5)
    CG32244
    (Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Wheeler et al., 2006)
    CG42576
    (Ni et al., 2010.12.1, FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2009, Perkins et al., 2009)
    CT30097
    (Parker et al., 2001)
    DNT1
    (Destalminil-Letourneau et al., 2021, Anthoney et al., 2018, Foldi et al., 2017, Ulian-Benitez et al., 2017, Lim et al., 2015, Ward et al., 2015, McIlroy et al., 2013, Sutcliffe et al., 2013, Hidalgo et al., 2011, Hong and Park, 2010, Zhu et al., 2008, Zhu et al., 2006)
    NT1
    (Berlandi et al., 2019, Schwartz et al., 2016, Chandran et al., 2014, McIlroy et al., 2013, Zhu et al., 2008)
    SPZ2
    (Ferrandon, 2013)
    Spz-2
    (Chowdhury et al., 2019, Ward et al., 2015)
    Spz2
    (Mishra-Gorur et al., 2019, Anthoney et al., 2018, Wu et al., 2015, Myllymäki et al., 2014, Akhouayri et al., 2011, Wang and Zhu, 2009, Waterhouse et al., 2007, Parker et al., 2001)
    dNT1
    (Akhouayri et al., 2011)
    spz2
    (Neyen and Lemaitre, 2015, McIlroy et al., 2013, Zhu et al., 2008)
    Name Synonyms
    CG32242
    CG32244
    CG42576
    Drosophila Neurotrophin1
    (Zhu et al., 2008)
    Neurotrophin 1
    (Neyen and Lemaitre, 2015, Chandran et al., 2014, Zhu et al., 2008, Zhu et al., 2006)
    Spatzle 2
    (Zhu et al., 2008)
    spatzle 2
    (Zhu et al., 2008)
    spatzle2
    (Destalminil-Letourneau et al., 2021)
    spz2
    Secondary FlyBase IDs
    • FBgn0084557
    • FBgn0260984
    • FBgn0087009
    • FBgn0260813
    • FBgn0052242
    • FBgn0035556
    • FBgn0052244
    Datasets (0)
    Study focus (0)
    Experimental Role
    Project
    Project Type
    Title
    References (50)