FB2021_03, released June 15, 2021

Gene: Dmel\salm

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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\salm
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
spalt major
Annotation Symbol
CG6464
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0261648
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
23 publicly available
Gene Summary
spalt major (salm) encodes a zinc finger transcriptional repressor. It mediates most dpp functions during development of the central part of the wing through regulation of the products of kni and ara. The product of salm is required for cell specification during the development of the nervous system, muscle, eye or trachea. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

sal, spalt, l(2)03602

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
32F1-32F2
Sequence location
2L:11,434,311..11,445,614 [-]
Recombination map
2-44
RefSeq locus
NT_033779 REGION:11434311..11445614
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
GO Summary Ribbons
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (25 terms)
Molecular Function (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002521756
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
enables RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002521756
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Biological Process (22 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (20 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in antennal joint development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Dong et al., 2002)
involved_in compound eye photoreceptor cell differentiation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Mollereau et al., 2001)
involved_in glial cell development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(von Hilchen et al., 2008)
involved_in male genitalia development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Si-Dong et al., 2003)
involved_in male gonad development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Si-Dong et al., 2003)
involved_in muscle organ morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Spletter et al., 2015, Schönbauer et al., 2011)
involved_in negative regulation of terminal cell fate specification, open tracheal system
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Caviglia and Luschnig, 2013)
involved_in notum cell fate specification
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Grieder et al., 2009)
involved_in oenocyte development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Elstob et al., 2001)
involved_in open tracheal system development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Ribeiro et al., 2004)
involved_in R7 cell differentiation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Domingos et al., 2004)
involved_in R8 cell differentiation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Domingos et al., 2004)
involved_in regulation of alternative mRNA splicing, via spliceosome
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Spletter et al., 2015)
involved_in regulation of cell fate specification
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Bryantsev et al., 2012)
involved_in regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Spletter et al., 2015)
involved_in sensory organ development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Si-Dong et al., 2003, Rusten et al., 2001)
involved_in sensory perception of sound
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:salr; FB:FBgn0000287
(Dong et al., 2002)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Si-Dong et al., 2003)
involved_in somatic muscle development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Bryantsev et al., 2012)
involved_in spiracle morphogenesis, open tracheal system
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Hu and Castelli-Gair, 1999)
involved_in tracheal pit formation in open tracheal system
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Brodu and Casanova, 2006)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in imaginal disc-derived wing vein morphogenesis
traceable author statement
(Milan and Cohen, 2000)
involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002521756
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Cellular Component (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Sánchez et al., 2011, Sánchez et al., 2010, Barrio et al., 1996)
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Sarov et al., 2016)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in nucleus
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002521756
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the sal C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family. (P39770)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
spalt major (salm) encodes a zinc finger transcriptional repressor. It mediates most dpp functions during development of the central part of the wing through regulation of the products of kni and ara. The product of salm is required for cell specification during the development of the nervous system, muscle, eye or trachea. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
C2H2 ZINC FINGER TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS -
Zinc finger C2H2 transcription factors are sequence-specific DNA binding proteins that regulate transcription. They possess DNA-binding domains that are formed from repeated Cys2His2 zinc finger motifs. (Adapted from PMID:1835093, FBrf0220103 and FBrf0155739).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Required for the establishment of the posterior-most head and the anterior-most tail segments of the embryo. Probably function as a transcriptional regulator. Could repress the transcription of the tsh gene.
(UniProt, P39770)
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
sal: spalt
Embryonic lethal. Shows partial homeotic transformation of labium to prothorax and of A9 and 10 toward A8. Point mutants judged to be amorphic or nearly so judging from the phenotype of sal/Df compared with sal/sal. sal; Abd-B-double mutants exhibit thoracic structures in parasegments 14 and 15; similarly, sal and Scr seem to act independently on head structures in parasegments 2 and possibly 1.
Summary (Interactive Fly)

transcription factor - zinc finger - PRDII-BF1 homolog - a target of Dpp signaling - Spalt and Spalt-related regulate the vein-specific expression of and and the gene complex, delimiting their domains of expression in the wing pouch

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
2
Number of Unique Polypeptides
2

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\salm for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Comments on Gene Model

Alternative translation stop created by use of multiphasic reading frames within coding region.

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.52

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
gene
(Grieder et al., 2007)
nuclear_gene
protein_coding_gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
salm-RA
FBtr0089913
NM_164966
6118
1365
salm-RB
FBtr0343619
NM_001298914
6114
1355
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

6.1 (northern blot, compiled cDNA)

(Kuhnlein et al., 1994)

0.8 (northern blot)

(Frei et al., 1988)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
RefSeq ID
GenBank
salm-PA
FBpp0088852
150.3
1365
6.41
NP_723670
AAF53097
salm-PB
FBpp0310214
149.0
1355
6.48
NP_001285843
AHN54357
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

1355 (aa)

(Kuhnlein et al., 1994)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\salm using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Expression Summary Ribbons
Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.
For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.
Transcript Expression
expression microarray
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
indirect flight muscle
(Katti et al., 2017)
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 4 -- 6
central brain anlage in statu nascendi
(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal ectoderm anlage
(Fisher et al., 2012)
hindgut anlage in statu nascendi
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | gap expression pattern
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral ectoderm anlage

Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
antennal anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 5
organism | 80% egg length

Comment: 85% egg length

(Frei et al., 1988)
organism | 80-90% egg length

Comment: 80-86% egg length

(Kuhnlein et al., 1994)
organism | 10-20% egg length

Comment: 12-20% egg length

(Kuhnlein et al., 1994)
organism | 0-20% egg length

Comment: 0-15% egg length

(Frei et al., 1988)
embryonic stage 7 -- 8
antennal anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal ectoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
hindgut anlage
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | gap expression pattern
(Fisher et al., 2012)
posterior endoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral ectoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic cycle 14
organism | ventro-lateral
(Frei et al., 1988)
embryonic stage 9 -- 10
antennal primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
lateral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal ectoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as dorsal epidermis anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
antennal primordium

Comment: reported as procephalon primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain primordium

Comment: reported as procephalon primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalon primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
lateral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalon primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalon primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual primordium

Comment: reported as procephalon primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal epidermis primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
tracheal primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral nerve cord primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
embryonic brain
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic dorsal epidermis
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval oenocyte
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval visceral muscle
(Fisher et al., 2012)
larval ventral nerve cord
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 13 -- 17
cuticle | precursor | segmentally repeated
(Frei et al., 1988)
embryonic stage 16 -- 17
eye-antennal disc primordium
(Frei et al., 1988)
genital disc primordium
(Frei et al., 1988)
third instar larval stage
wing disc | restricted
(de Celis et al., 1996)
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 3 -- 15

Comment: reference states 1-12 hr AEL

(Frei et al., 1988)
gastrula stage
cephalic furrow | posterior
(Frei et al., 1988)
embryonic stage 13
embryonic/larval hindgut
(Frei et al., 1988)
Additional Descriptive Data

salr and salm transcripts and proteins are distributed in identical patterns in the third larval instar wing disc. In late third instar larval discs, expression is detected in a band perpendicular to the dorsoventral boundary.

(de Celis et al., 1996)

In the cellular blastoderm stage embryo (stage 5), salm transcript is detected in three regions: a stripe in the posterior (12-20% of egg length), one in the anterior (60-70% egg length), and a "horse-shoe" domain at 80-86% egg length, in the presumptive pregnathal head region.

(Kuhnlein et al., 1994)

The salm transcript is present in 1-12 hour embryos, and at low levels in second instar larvae. salm transcript is first detected in embryonic cycle 14 of the syncytial blastoderm embryo in a ventro-lateral position. At the cellular blastoderm stage, the transcript is present at high levels in a region at 60-70% egg length and at 0-15% egg length. At the extended germ band stage, the posterior domain consists of the upper section of the midgut and hindgut rudiments, and the anterior domain is over the posterior portion of the cephalic furrow. The anterior and posterior domains of high salm expression persist through the extended germ band stage. At germ band retraction, salm transcript is present in the hindgut and in the cuticle primordium of each segment. After dorsal closure, salm is expressed in an area corresponding to the eye-antennal disc and the genital disc. Low level cuticle expression is still detected.

(Frei et al., 1988)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunohistochemistry
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
third instar larval stage
wing disc posterior compartment
(Barrio and de Celis, 2004)
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
C1 chordotonal organ precursor cell
• nucleus
(Elstob et al., 2001)
embryonic stage 4
organism | 60-70% egg length

Comment: late stage 4; ~60-70% egg length

(Kuhnlein et al., 1994)
embryonic stage 5
organism | 10-20% egg length

Comment: ~12-20% egg length

(Kuhnlein et al., 1994)
organism | 80-90% egg length

Comment: ~80-86% egg length

(Kuhnlein et al., 1994)
embryonic stage 11
parasegment 1 -- parasegment 3
(Kuhnlein et al., 1994)
parasegment 14 & parasegment 15
(Kuhnlein et al., 1994)
ventral neurectoderm
(Kuhnlein et al., 1994)
embryonic stage 12
posterior spiracle primordium
(Kuhnlein et al., 1994)
embryonic stage 12 -- 15
Bolwig organ primordium
(Mishra et al., 2013)
embryonic stage 13 -- 17
photoreceptor cell of Bolwig organ | subset
(Sprecher et al., 2007)
embryonic stage 14 -- 17
embryonic/larval dorsal trunk
(Dorfman et al., 2002)
embryonic/larval oenocyte precursor
(Dorfman et al., 2002)
embryonic stage 15
Bolwig organ primordium | subset
(Mishra et al., 2013)
embryonic stage 15 -- 17
presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system
(Kuhnlein et al., 1994)
embryonic/larval tracheal system
(Kuhnlein et al., 1994)
embryonic stage 16
embryonic/larval posterior spiracle
(Barrio et al., 1996)
presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system
(Barrio et al., 1996)
abdominal lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5 | restricted | subset
• nucleus
(Elstob et al., 2001)
embryonic/larval oenocyte
• nucleus
(Elstob et al., 2001)
larval stage
Rh5 photoreceptor of Bolwig organ
(Sprecher et al., 2007)
third instar larval stage
wing disc | restricted
(Haerry et al., 1998, de Celis et al., 1996)
photoreceptor cell R3 | subset
(Domingos et al., 2004)
photoreceptor cell R4 | subset
(Domingos et al., 2004)
cone cell | subset
(Domingos et al., 2004)
photoreceptor cell R7
(Wernet et al., 2003)
photoreceptor cell R8
(Wernet et al., 2003)
wing pouch | central
(Arquier et al., 2001)
mesothoracic tergum primordium
(Arquier et al., 2001)
wing disc dorsal compartment | medial
(Milan et al., 2002)
wing pouch | medial
(Makhijani et al., 2007)
third instar larval stage -- adult stage
photoreceptor cell R7
(Domingos et al., 2004)
photoreceptor cell R8
(Domingos et al., 2004)
late third instar larval stage
photoreceptor cell | subset
(Arquier et al., 2001)
eye disc | restricted
(Arquier et al., 2001)
pupal stage & adult stage
indirect flight muscle
(Schönbauer et al., 2011)
adult stage
eyelet photoreceptor
(Sprecher and Desplan, 2008)
Additional Descriptive Data

salm expression begins to appear in sens-positive photoreceptor neuron precursors (Bolwig organ primordium) in early stage 12, at which time sens expression is weakening. Expression continues through stage 15.

(Mishra et al., 2013)

salm is present in the dorso-longitudinal flight muscle templates to which the adult muscle progentiors fuse. It is detected from 8hr APF onward throughout indirect flight muscle development. It is absent in developing leg muscle.

(Schönbauer et al., 2011)

salr and salm proteins are predominantly nuclear.

(Makhijani et al., 2007, Barrio et al., 1996)

salm is expressed in a subtype-specific fashion in the larval eye. In embryos, it is expressed in 3-4 immature photoreceptor cells. In the larva, it is expressed in the R5-specific photoreceptors of the Bolwig organ and is excluded from the R6 photoreceptors.

(Sprecher et al., 2007)

Expression in the anterior compartment is low. Expression is high in the posterior compartment which corresponds to veins L3 and L4. sal wing blade-specific enhancer that includes the information required to generate the salm expression domain in the wing.

(Barrio and de Celis, 2004)

Larval expression of salm protein is observed in photoreceptor cells R3 and R4 starting in row 3 and progressively fading between rows 7 and 11, in photoreceptor cell R7 starting in row 9, in photoreceptor cell R8 starting in row 11, in the anterior and posterior cone cells starting in row 11, and the four cone cells by row 14-15. By 24 hours pupariation, salm protein continues to be expressed in photoreceptor cells R7 and R8.

(Domingos et al., 2004)

The pattern ofexpression of the Spalt proteins, products of salm and salr, are restricted to the medial portion of the dorsal compartment of the wing disc during third instar.

(Milan et al., 2002)

salm is expressed in non-neuronal cells of the Lch5.

(Elstob et al., 2001)

The salm protein is expressed in the central region of the wing pouch flanking the anterior-posterior boundary.

(Haerry et al., 1998)

salr and salm protein expression patterns were compared. The proteins have identical staining patterns in the wing imaginal disc (FBrf0087811) but have different patterns in the embryonic CNS and spiracles. salr is more abundant in the embryonic brain, while salm is more abundant in the posterior spiracle. The two proteins have overlapping but non-identical patterns in the ventral cord.

(Barrio et al., 1996)

salr and salm transcripts and proteins are distributed in identical patterns in the third larval instar wing disc. In late third instar larval discs, expression is detected in a band perpendicular to the dorsoventral boundary.

(de Celis et al., 1996)

In late stage 4embryos, salm protein is detected in a circumferential band at about60-70% egg length. This stripe persists into the cellular blastoderm stage(stage 5), when salm protein accumulation is seen in two additionalregions, at 12-20% egg length, and 80-86% egg length. salm transcriptand protein expression patterns in the cellular blastoderm stage embryothus overlap. At the extended germ band stage (stage 11), salm proteinaccumulates in the neurectoderm in a segmental pattern. Colocalizationstudies with en protein indicate that, although salm proteinexpression is strongest in parasegments 1 to 3, and again in parasegments14 and 15, some weak expression is also seen in parasegment 4. In stage 15to 17 embryos, salm protein is present in the central nervous system, aswell as the tracheal system.

(Kuhnlein et al., 1994)
Marker for
 
embryonic/larval dorsal trunk
(Dorfman et al., 2002)
embryonic/larval oenocyte precursor
(Dorfman et al., 2002)
photoreceptor cell R3
(Vrailas and Moses, 2006)
photoreceptor cell R4
(Vrailas and Moses, 2006)
photoreceptor cell R7
(Domingos et al., 2004)
photoreceptor cell R8
(Domingos et al., 2004)
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Sánchez et al., 2011, Sánchez et al., 2010, Barrio et al., 1996)
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Sarov et al., 2016)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
Reporter: P{GawB}459.2
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
third instar larval stage
wing disc | restricted
(Diaz-Benjumea and Cohen, 1995, Thomas et al., 1995)
embryonic stage 11
embryonic/larval oenocyte precursor
(Brodu et al., 2004)
embryonic stage 11 -- 16
tracheal primordium
(Boube et al., 2000)
oenocyte primordium
(Bates and Whitington, 2007)
stigmatophore
(Tsikala et al., 2014)
wandering third instar larval stage
wing pouch
(Lindström et al., 2013)
P-stage
wing disc | restricted
(Hogan et al., 2011)
Reporter: P{GawB}salmLP39
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 11 -- 15
dorsal trunk primordium
(Llimargas, 2000)
embryonic stage 15 -- 17
embryonic/larval dorsal trunk
(Llimargas, 2000)
third instar larval stage
wing disc | restricted
(Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center, 2017)
Reporter: P{GawB}salmR7T3.8
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult external thorax
(Mollereau et al., 2000)
photoreceptor cell R8
(Mollereau et al., 2000)
photoreceptor cell R7
(Mollereau et al., 2000)
Reporter: P{lacZ}Regio-2
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 11 -- 17
embryonic/larval tracheal system | dorsal
(Samakovlis et al., 1996)
Reporter: P{lArB}salmA405.1M2
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 6 -- 17
amnioserosa | restricted
(Bellen et al., 1989)
third instar larval stage
wing disc | restricted
(Minami et al., 1999, Lunde et al., 1998)
Reporter: P{PZ}salm03602
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 12 -- 16
B-subperineurial glial cell of abdomen
(Beckervordersandforth et al., 2008)
embryonic/larval neuron
(Beckervordersandforth et al., 2008)
longitudinal glial cell

Comment: lateral posterior

(Beckervordersandforth et al., 2008)
larval stage
prothoracic gland
(Harvie et al., 1998)
third instar larval stage
photoreceptor cell | presumptive
(Treisman and Rubin, 1996)
eye disc
(Treisman and Rubin, 1996)
wandering third instar larval stage
embryonic/larval oenocyte
(Meister and Braun, 1995.10)
imaginal disc
(Harvie et al., 1998, Meister and Braun, 1995.10)
embryonic/larval optic lobe
(Harvie et al., 1998)
larval ventral nerve cord
(Harvie et al., 1998)
wing pouch | restricted
(Cook et al., 2004)
Reporter: P{sal-lacZ.BO}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
embryonic/larval oenocyte
(Elstob et al., 2001)
abdominal lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5 | restricted
(Elstob et al., 2001)
lch5 cap attachment cell
(Elstob et al., 2001)
lch5 ligament attachment cell
(Elstob et al., 2001)
scolopidium | subset
(Elstob et al., 2001)
late embryonic stage
embryonic/larval oenocyte
(Barrio et al., 1999)
larval stage
cone cell
(Barrio et al., 1999)
photoreceptor cell
(Barrio et al., 1999)
wing disc | restricted
(Barrio et al., 1999)
third instar larval stage
embryonic/larval central nervous system | restricted
(Barrio et al., 1999)
Reporter: P{salm-GAL4.EPv}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
third instar larval stage
anterior-posterior compartment boundary of the wing disc | restricted | vicinity of
(Baena-Lopez and Garcia-Bellido, 2006)
wandering third instar larval stage
wing pouch | restricted
(Glavic et al., 2009)
Reporter: P{salm-GAL4.U}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
third instar larval stage -- pupal stage
photoreceptor R3 precursor cell
(Bernardo-Garcia et al., 2016)
photoreceptor R4 precursor cell
(Bernardo-Garcia et al., 2016)
photoreceptor R7 precursor cell
(Bernardo-Garcia et al., 2016)
third instar larval stage -- adult stage
cone cell
(Bernardo-Garcia et al., 2016)
adult stage
photoreceptor cell R3
(Bernardo-Garcia et al., 2016, Kaminker et al., 2002)
photoreceptor cell R4
(Bernardo-Garcia et al., 2016, Kaminker et al., 2002)
photoreceptor cell R7
(Bernardo-Garcia et al., 2016)
Reporter: P{salm-lacZ.1.1}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
third instar larval stage
wing pouch | medial
(Makhijani et al., 2007)
Reporter: P{salm-lacZ.10.2S/C}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
embryonic/larval posterior spiracle
(Kuhnlein et al., 1997)
embryonic/larval tracheal system
(Kuhnlein et al., 1997)
blastoderm stage
(Kuhnlein et al., 1997)
larval stage
wing disc
(Kuhnlein et al., 1997)
third instar larval stage
wing disc | restricted
(del Alamo Rodriguez et al., 2004)
Reporter: P{salm-lacZ.U}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 12 -- 17
embryonic peripheral glial cell 4
(von Hilchen et al., 2008)
embryonic peripheral glial cell 5
(von Hilchen et al., 2008)
embryonic peripheral glial cell 11
(von Hilchen et al., 2008)
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\salm in GBrowse 2
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 29 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 16 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of salm
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of salm
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 25 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 25 )
Gene disrupted in
Df(2L)32FP-1
(Barrio et al., 1999)
Df(2L)32FP-5
(Zhai et al., 2009, Shen and Dahmann, 2005, Barrio et al., 1999, de Celis et al., 1996)
Df(2L)32FP-8
(Barrio et al., 1999)
Df(2L)BSC236
(Christensen and Cook, 2006.12.5)
Df(2L)BSC241
(Christensen and Cook, 2006.12.5)
Df(2L)BSC242
(Christensen and Cook, 2008.4.15)
Df(2L)BSC343
(Christensen and Cook, 2007.10.29)
Df(2L)esc-P2-0+Dp(2;2)GYL
(Jurgens, 1988)
Df(2L)esc-P2-0
(Harbecke and Lengyel, 1995, Frei et al., 1988, Jurgens, 1988)
Df(2L)esc-P3-0
(Barrio et al., 1999, Harbecke and Lengyel, 1995, Jurgens, 1988)
Df(2L)Exel6029
(Ryder, 2004.4.26)
Df(2L)FCK-20
(Barrio et al., 1999)
Df(2L)prd+Dp(2;2)GYL
(Jurgens, 1988)
Df(2L)prd
(Jurgens, 1988)
Df(2L)Prl+Dp(2;2)GYL
(Casanova, 1989, Jurgens, 1988)
Df(2L)Prl
(Barrio et al., 1999, Spradling et al., 1999, Harbecke and Lengyel, 1995, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999, Jurgens, 1988, Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987, Nusslein-Volhard et al., 1984)
Df(2L)salmFRT
(Spletter et al., 2015)
In(2L)FCK-73
(Barrio et al., 1999)
T(2;3;4)FCK-25
(Barrio et al., 1999)
T(2;3)FCK-68
(Barrio et al., 1999)
Gene not disrupted in
Df(2L)esc10
(Frei et al., 1988, Jurgens, 1988)
Df(2L)J2
(BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
Df(2L)prd1.7
(Jurgens, 1988, Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987)
Gene not duplicated in
Dp(2;2)GYL
(Jurgens, 1988)
Gene duplicated in
Dp(2;Y)prd
(Jurgens, 1988)
Inferred from location ( 0 )
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal, with Scer\GAL4bi-omb-Gal4
lethal, with Scer\GAL4sca-4512
lethal (with salm1)
lethal (with salm1st-exon-dsRed)
lethal (with salm1st-intron-dsRed)
lethal | recessive
lethal - all die before end of larval stage
lethal - all die before end of P-stage, with Scer\GAL41151, Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B
lethal - all die before end of P-stage, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR, Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B
lethal - all die before end of pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1
lethal - all die during embryonic stage | homeotic | recessive
lethal - all die during embryonic stage | recessive
partially lethal (with Df(2L)BSC242)
partially lethal - majority die
partially lethal - majority die | recessive
viable
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal neuroanatomy (with Df(2L)32FP-5)
abnormal neuroanatomy | embryonic stage
flightless, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
some die during embryonic stage | recessive
some die during larval stage
some die during pharate adult stage, with Scer\GAL41151, Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B
some die during pharate adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR, Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B
some die during pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1
visible, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
visible, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1
visible, with Scer\GAL4salm.EPv
visible | recessive
wild-type
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
2nd posterior cell
abdominal lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
abdominal lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5 (with Df(2L)32FP-5)
abdominal lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5 & scolopidial dendritic cap cell | supernumerary (with Df(2L)32FP-5)
abdominal lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5 & scolopidial ligament cell (with Df(2L)32FP-5)
abdominal lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5 & scolopidial neuron | supernumerary (with Df(2L)32FP-5)
abdominal lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5 & scolopidial sheath cell | supernumerary (with Df(2L)32FP-5)
abdominal lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5 & scolopidium | supernumerary (with Df(2L)32FP-5)
abdominal lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5 | increased number
abdominal segment 8
abdominal segment 9
adherens junction & embryonic dorsal branch, with Scer\GAL4btl.PS
adherens junction & embryonic ganglionic branch, with Scer\GAL4btl.PS
adherens junction & embryonic tracheal system, with Scer\GAL4btl.PS
adult somatic muscle, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR, Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B
anterior crossvein, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1
dorsal medial indirect flight muscle, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
dorsal triple row
dorsal triple row | ectopic
dorsal trunk primordium
dorsal trunk primordium | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4btl.PS
embryonic/larval dorsal anastomosis, with Scer\GAL4btl.PS
embryonic/larval dorsal branch
embryonic/larval dorsal branch, with Scer\GAL4btl.PS
embryonic/larval dorsal trunk
embryonic/larval dorsal trunk, with Scer\GAL4salm.TSE
embryonic/larval glial cell (with Df(2L)32FP-5)
embryonic/larval lateral trunk, with Scer\GAL4btl.PS
embryonic/larval lateral trunk | ectopic
embryonic/larval neuron (with Df(2L)32FP-5)
embryonic/larval oenocyte
embryonic/larval oenocyte, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
embryonic/larval oenocyte (with Df(2L)32FP-5)
embryonic/larval posterior spiracle | embryonic stage
embryonic/larval visceral branch | ectopic
embryonic abdominal segment 9
embryonic labial segment
extracoxal depressor muscle | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4unspecified
flight muscle, with Scer\GAL4unspecified
glial cell | increased number (with Df(2L)32FP-5)
head, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1
indirect flight muscle, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
indirect flight muscle | somatic clone (with Df(2L)salmFRT)
larval ventral nerve cord commissure, with Scer\GAL4sca-4512
leg, with Scer\GAL41151, Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B
leg, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1
leg, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR, Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B
leg | proximal, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1
macrochaeta
macrochaeta | ectopic
medial triple row
medial triple row | ectopic
mesothoracic leg disc, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1
mesothoracic preepisternum, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1
mesothoracic tergum, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1
mesothoracic tergum | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4bi-omb-Gal4
mesothoracic tergum | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1
peripheral glial cell | embryonic stage
posterior crossvein
presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system (with Df(2L)32FP-5)
presumptive embryonic/larval tracheal system
second segment of antenna (with Df(2L)32FP-5)
stigmatophore
submarginal cell
terminal tracheal cell, with Scer\GAL4btl.PS
third segment of antenna (with Df(2L)32FP-5)
third segment of antenna | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1
tracheal primordium
tracheal primordium, with Scer\GAL4Kr.PM
tracheal primordium | ectopic
tracheal system
tracheal system, with Scer\GAL4Kr.PM
unguis, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1
ventral triple row
ventral triple row | ectopic
visceral branch primordium, with Scer\GAL4btl.PS
visceral branch primordium | ectopic
wing
wing, with Scer\GAL4bi-omb-Gal4
wing, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
wing, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1
wing, with Scer\GAL4nub-AC-62
wing, with Scer\GAL4salm.EPv
wing & macrochaeta
wing | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1
wing | proximal, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1
wing disc, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1
wing hinge | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1
wing vein, with Scer\GAL4salm.EPv
wing vein | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4salm.EPv
wing vein L2
wing vein L2, with Scer\GAL4nub-AC-62
wing vein L2 | ectopic
wing vein L3
wing vein L5
wing vein L5, with Scer\GAL4nub-AC-62
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Download All OrthoDB Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Homo sapiens (Human) (21)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Hsap\SALL1
12 of 15
Yes
Yes
Hsap\SALL3
12 of 15
Yes
Yes
Hsap\SALL4
10 of 15
No
Yes
1  
Hsap\SALL2
8 of 15
No
Yes
Hsap\YY1
1 of 15
No
No
3  
Hsap\ZFP62
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\ZNF91
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\ZNF107
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\ZNF208
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\ZNF219
1 of 15
No
Yes
Hsap\ZNF226
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\ZNF227
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\ZNF236
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\ZNF268
1 of 15
No
Yes
Hsap\ZNF367
1 of 15
No
Yes
Hsap\ZNF536
1 of 15
No
Yes
Hsap\ZNF546
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\ZNF658
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\ZNF721
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\ZNF765-ZNF761
1 of 15
No
Yes
Hsap\ZNF808
1 of 15
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (13)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Mmus\Sall3
12 of 15
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Sall1
10 of 15
No
Yes
Mmus\Sall2
7 of 15
No
Yes
Mmus\Sall4
7 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Gm14124
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Yy1
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Zfp26
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Zfp62
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Zfp219
1 of 15
No
Yes
Mmus\Zfp236
1 of 15
No
Yes
Mmus\Zfp367
1 of 15
No
Yes
Mmus\Zfp619
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Zfp658
1 of 15
No
No
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (6)
Rnor\Sall3
8 of 13
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Sall1
7 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Sall2
7 of 13
No
Yes
Rnor\Sall4
5 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Zfp111
1 of 13
No
Yes
Rnor\Zfp219
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (6)
Xtro\sall1
10 of 12
Yes
Yes
Xtro\sall3
10 of 12
Yes
Yes
Xtro\sall4
9 of 12
No
Yes
Xtro\sall2
8 of 12
No
Yes
Xtro\LOC100495155
1 of 12
No
Yes
Xtro\znf219
1 of 12
No
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (17)
Drer\sall1a
10 of 15
Yes
Yes
Drer\sall3a
9 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\sall3b
8 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\sall4
7 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\sall1b
5 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\sall2
2 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\si:ch211-212k18.5
2 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\im:7142702
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\si:ch73-109d9.3
1 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\si:ch211-89o9.6
1 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\yy1a
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\yy1b
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\znf367
1 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\znf516
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\znf526
1 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\znf983
1 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\znf1010
1 of 15
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)
Cele\sem-4
7 of 15
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (4)
Atha\IDD12
1 of 9
Yes
Yes
Atha\IDD14
1 of 9
Yes
Yes
Atha\IDD16
1 of 9
Yes
Yes
Atha\SGR5
1 of 9
Yes
Yes
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (2)
Scer\CMR3
2 of 15
Yes
Yes
Scer\YPR015C
1 of 15
No
Yes
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)
Spom\SPAC25B8.19c
1 of 12
Yes
Yes
Ortholog(s) in Drosophila Species (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091901ZJ )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
AAA Syntenic Ortholog
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Drosophila suzukii
Spotted wing Drosophila
Dsuz\DS10_00001923
Drosophila simulans
Dsim\GD22176
Drosophila sechellia
Dsec\GM11080
Drosophila erecta
Dere\GG10311
Drosophila yakuba
Dyak\GE12872
Drosophila ananassae
Dana\GF15122
Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura
Dpse\GA25690
Drosophila persimilis
Dper\GL18566
Drosophila willistoni
Dwil\GK21101
Drosophila mojavensis
Dmoj\GI18140
Drosophila grimshawi
Dgri\GH13525
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG09150147 )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Musca domestica
House fly
Mdoa\17018210
Glossina morsitans
Tsetse fly
Gmor\GMOY008765
Lucilia cuprina
Australian sheep blowfly
Lcup\FF38_08269
Mayetiola destructor
Hessian fly
Mdes\Mdes004619
Anopheles gambiae
Malaria mosquito
Agam\AGAP009542
Culex quinquefasciatus
Southern house mosquito
Cqui\CPIJ015319
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090W01J1 )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Bombyx mori
Silkmoth
Bmor\BGIBMGA002946
Danaus plexippus
Monarch butterfly
Dple\DPOGS215846-PA
Heliconius melpomene
Postman butterfly
Hmel\HMEL007457
Apis florea
Little honeybee
Aflo\3701519716
Apis mellifera
Western honey bee
Amel\GB52937
Bombus impatiens
Common eastern bumble bee
Bimp\BIMP24779
Bombus terrestris
Buff-tailed bumblebee
Bter\15210709
Bombus terrestris
Buff-tailed bumblebee
Bter\15201462
Linepithema humile
Argentine ant
Lhum\LH24861
Megachile rotundata
Alfalfa leafcutting bee
Mrot\MROTU:001015
Nasonia vitripennis
Parasitic wasp
Nvit\Nasvi2EG019910
Dendroctonus ponderosae
Mountain pine beetle
Dpod\YQE_07172
Tribolium castaneum
Red flour beetle
Tcas\TC013501
Pediculus humanus
Human body louse
Phum\PHUM465820
Rhodnius prolixus
Kissing bug
Rpro\RPRC000397
Cimex lectularius
Bed bug
Clec\CLEC005135
Acyrthosiphon pisum
Pea aphid
Apim\ACYPI003922
Zootermopsis nevadensis
Nevada dampwood termite
Znev\Znev_16972
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090X01H5 )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Strigamia maritima
European centipede
Smar\SMAR008725
Ixodes scapularis
Black-legged tick
Isca\ISCW005731
Ixodes scapularis
Black-legged tick
Isca\ISCW009191
Ixodes scapularis
Black-legged tick
Isca\ISCW009189
Stegodyphus mimosarum
African social velvet spider
Smim\KFM65865.1
Stegodyphus mimosarum
African social velvet spider
Smim\KFM63184.1
Tetranychus urticae
Two-spotted spider mite
Turt\tetur10g00620
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_111734
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091G02AM )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Ciona intestinalis
Vase tunicate
Cint\ENSCING00000003802
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (4)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
orthoMCL
Panther
RoundUp
Alignment
salr
7 of 10
CG9650
1 of 10
peb
1 of 10
pho
1 of 10
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
Disease Model Summary Ribbon
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
Allele
Disease
Evidence
References
salmFCK-25
model of  Townes-Brocks syndrome
CEA with salrFCK-25
(Si-Dong et al., 2003)
Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 4 )
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
Allele
Disease
Interaction
References
Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0 and OMIM)
Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
Homo sapiens (Human)
Gene name
Score
OMIM
OMIM Phenotype
DO term
Complementation?
Transgene?
SALL1; spalt like transcription factor 1
12 of 15
602218
SALL3; spalt like transcription factor 3
12 of 15
605079
      SALL4; spalt like transcription factor 4
      10 of 15
      607343
       
      SALL2; spalt like transcription factor 2
      8 of 15
      602219
      Functional Complementation Data
      Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
      Interactions
      Summary of Physical Interactions
      Summary of Genetic Interactions
      esyN Network Diagram
      esyN Network Key:
      Suppression
      Enhancement
      View in Interactions Browser
      Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      salm
      enhanceable
      aos
      (Elstob et al., 2001)
      salm
      suppressible
      kni
      (Lunde et al., 1998)
      salm
      suppressible
      sala
      (Frei et al., 1988)
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      aos
      enhanceable
      salm
      (Elstob et al., 2001)
      Axn
      suppressible
      salm
      (Caviglia and Luschnig, 2013)
      Pc
      enhanceable
      salm
      (Landecker et al., 1994)
      ph-d
      enhanceable
      salm
      (Landecker et al., 1994)
      ph-p
      enhanceable
      salm
      (Landecker et al., 1994)
      spi
      suppressible
      salm
      (Elstob et al., 2001)
      vg
      suppressible
      salm
      (Schönbauer et al., 2011)
      External Data
      Linkouts
      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
      InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
      MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      Pathways
      Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
      Metabolic Pathways
      External Data
      Linkouts
      Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
      Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
      Chromosome (arm)
      2L
      Recombination map
      2-44
      Cytogenetic map
      32F1-32F2
      Sequence location
      2L:11,434,311..11,445,614 [-]
      FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Evidence for location
      32F1-32F2
      Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}l(2)0400804008&P{PZ}cmet04431 and P{PZ}salm03602
      Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Notes
      References
      32F1-32F2
      (determined by in situ hybridisation)
      (Spradling et al., 1999)
      32F1-32F2
      (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
      33A-33A
      (determined by in situ hybridisation)
      (Wagner-Bernholz et al., 1991)
      Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
      Location

      2-44

      (FlyBase, 2016, Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987)

      2-38.2

      (Comeron et al., 2012)
      Left of (cM)
      Right of (cM)
      Notes
      Stocks and Reagents
      Stocks (23)
      Genomic Clones (17)
       

      Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

      cDNA Clones (14)
       

      Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

      cDNA clones, fully sequenced
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

        For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

        cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
        BDGP DGC clones
          Other clones
          RNAi and Array Information
          Linkouts
          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
          GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
          Antibody Information
          Laboratory Generated Antibodies
           

          polyclonal

          (Zhang et al., 2011, Kuhnlein et al., 1994)

          polyclonal antibody

          (Domingos et al., 2004)
          Commercially Available Antibodies
           
          Other Information
          Relationship to Other Genes
          Source for database identify of

          Source for identity of: salm CG6464

          (Gong, 1999.11)
          Source for database merge of

          Source for merge of: salm B1164

          (Grieder et al., 2009)
          Additional comments
          Other Comments

          salm acts to constrain the choice available between the two alternative tracheal tip cell types (fusion cell and terminal cell), being sufficient to inhibit terminal cell specification.

          (Caviglia and Luschnig, 2013)

          The "spalt" genes (salm and salr) are specifically required in the R3 photoreceptor cell for the establishment of correct ommatidial polarity.

          (Domingos et al., 2004)

          salm is required and sufficient to inhibit cell intercalation and the formation of autocellular adherens junctions during tracheal development.

          (Ribeiro et al., 2004)

          Embryos which lack salm function show a severe neurodegenerative phenotype at 60% of embryonic development, but by 80% of embryonic development the central nervous system shows almost wild-type morphology.

          (Cantera et al., 2002)

          salr and salm are redundantly essential for proper joint formation between antennal segments 2 and 3.

          (Dong et al., 2002)

          salm promotes oenocyte formation and suppresses chordotonal organ induction by acting both downstream and in parallel to Egfr signaling.

          (Elstob et al., 2001)

          salm and salr are essential for the terminal differentiation of R7 and R photoreceptors.

          (Mollereau et al., 2001)

          Removal of salm function increases the number of scolopidia, as a result of extra secondary recruitment of precursor cells at the expense of the oenocytes in the developing pentascolopidial organ in the embryo.

          (Rusten et al., 2001)

          salm restricts the number of scolopidia to five per abdominal lch5 organ. It also ensures the correct location of this chordotonal organ along the dorsoventral axis.

          (Rusten et al., 2001)

          The regulation of the iroquois and kni gene complexes by salm and salr may translate the dpp morphogenetic gradient into precisely spaced pattern elements.

          (de Celis and Barrio, 2000)

          salm and salr participate in the development of sensory organs in the thorax, mainly in the positioning of specific proneural clusters. They may belong to a category of transcriptional regulators that subdivide the thorax into expression domains (prepattern) required for the localised activation of proneural genes.

          (de Celis et al., 1999)

          salm is required for normal tracheal cell migration and morphogenesis in cells of the dorsal truck.

          (Chen et al., 1998)

          Identification: Enhancer trap expression pattern survey for loci expressed in the ring gland.

          (Harvie et al., 1998)

          The salm cis-regulatory region contains an array of regulatory modules that mediate the spatio-temporal aspects of salm gene expression.

          (Kuhnlein et al., 1997)

          sax regulates salm through its role in anterior posterior patterning of the wing pouch.

          (Singer et al., 1997)

          Clonal analysis suggests salm determines the position of the L2 vein primordium by activating rho expression in neighbouring cells through a locally non-autonomous mechanism. rho then functions to initiate and maintain vein differentiation.

          (Sturtevant et al., 1997)

          Isolation and characterisation of salr, a gene arisen by reduplication and sequence diversification from the same ancestral gene as salm, that is still located close to salm in the genome. Sequence comparisons reveal a pattern of regional structural diversification of salm and salr. Electrophoretic mobility shift and footprinting assays demonstrate specific DNA binding of a conserved set of zinc fingers. The genes have extensive overlapping but not coincident patterns of expression in structures, such as the nervous system, indicating significant regulatory diversification.

          (Barrio et al., 1996)

          salm is involved in tracheal development at two different stages of embryonic development. salm represses tracheal placode formation in parasegments 2, 3, and 14. salm is also necessary for the directed migration of the dorsal trunk tracheal cells, which seems to be independent of branch fusion and general tracheal cell migration.

          (Kuhnlein and Schuh, 1996)

          The spatial domains of salm and bi expression are regulated by dpp. Secreted dpp directly defines the width of the salm domain.

          (Lecuit et al., 1996)

          dpp acts as a gradient morphogen during wing development. Clonal analysis reveals that dpp, secreted by a stripe of wing cells along the anteroposterior compartment boundary, acts directly and at long range on surrounding cells and elicits qualitatively distinct outputs from these cells as a function of their distance from the dpp source. bi and salm are transcriptionally activated at different distances from the dpp secreting cells.

          (Nellen et al., 1996)

          salr and salm are expressed in response to dpp in a central territory of the wing imaginal disc, where they are required for the patterning of the wing. The phenotypic consequences of misexpression of salr and salm suggest that an important outcome of dpp activity is the subdivision of the wing disc into territories smaller than lineage compartments through the regulation of salr and salm.

          (de Celis et al., 1996)

          The organisation of the tail region of the embryo is documented from studies of cuticular markers enabling a more direct comparison between homologous structures on the embryo and larval cuticle.

          (Kuhn et al., 1995)

          Wing veins, or ectopic paraveins produced by ectopic rho and Dl expression, form along boundaries of A-P positional coordinates in the developing wing.

          (Sturtevant et al., 1995)

          salm gene product directly or indirectly represses tsh gene expression in the labium and tail domains.

          (Roder et al., 1992)

          The region specific homeotic gene salm is required for the establishment of posterior head and anterior tail segments of the embryo. salm gene product confers its function as a transcription factor.

          (Schuh et al., 1991)

          Enhancer trapping methods have been used to identify regulatory elements and corresponding genes that are influenced by the homeotic Antp gene product. Clonal analysis demonstrates that Antp expression in the mesothoracic leg disc is required to prevent expression of the salm gene: Antp negatively regulates salm. The cis-regulatory element whose activity is affected by Antp is located in a 3.5 kb EcoRI fragment.

          (Wagner-Bernholz et al., 1991)

          In embryos lacking salm in the trunk region Ubx and Scr are ectopically expressed. These results suggest that salm has a general role in ensuring the correct spatial expression of other homeotic genes and could be another member of the Pc class of regulatory genes.

          (Casanova, 1989)

          The region specific action of the salm gene promotes head and tail as opposed to trunk development in the embryo. The salm gene acts independently of BX-C genes. The anterior salm phenotype displays incomplete transformation of the labial segment into the adjacent prothoracic segment (parasegments 1 and 2, but not 3). The posterior phenotype is the transformation of A9 and A10 into A8 (parasegments 14 and 15, but not 13), this phenotype is associated with ectopic expression of Abd-B, but not of Ubx, abd-A and Scr.

          (Jurgens, 1988)
          Origin and Etymology
          Discoverer
          Etymology
          Identification
          External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 38 )
          Sequence Crossreferences
          NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
          GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
          GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
          RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
          UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
          UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
          Other crossreferences
          BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
          DRscDB
          EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas
          Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
          Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
          FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
          GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
          iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
          InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
          KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
          MARRVEL_MODEL
          modMine - A data warehouse for the modENCODE project
          Linkouts
          DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
          Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
          InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
          MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
          MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
          Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
          Synonyms and Secondary IDs (27)
          Reported As
          Symbol Synonym
          3602
          (Harvie et al., 1998)
          B1164
          CG6464
          (Hadar et al., 2012, Aerts et al., 2010, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Lu et al., 2009, Perkins et al., 2009, Macdonald and Long, 2006, Kreiman, 2004)
          SAL
          (Brodu and Casanova, 2006)
          SALM
          (Percival-Smith, 2017)
          SALM
          (Fischer et al., 2012)
          SPALT
          (Cho et al., 2000)
          Sal
          (Miller et al., 2021, Pinal et al., 2018, Martín et al., 2017, Sauerwald et al., 2017, Matsuda et al., 2016, Niwa and Niwa, 2016, Viets et al., 2016, Glassford et al., 2015, Harmansa et al., 2015, Ren et al., 2015, Simon and Guerrero, 2015, Wernet et al., 2014, Zhang et al., 2014, Herrera et al., 2013, Johnston, 2013, Jukam et al., 2013, Peterson and O'Connor, 2013, Rister et al., 2013, Dahal et al., 2012, Wu et al., 2012, Zhai et al., 2012, Erickson, 2011, Hamaratoglu et al., 2011, Mirkovic et al., 2011, Schwank et al., 2011, Zhang et al., 2011, Kleinschmit et al., 2010, Mukai et al., 2010, Glavic et al., 2009, McNeill et al., 2008, Miller et al., 2008, Nusinow et al., 2008, Goodfellow et al., 2007, Halachmi et al., 2007, Israeli et al., 2007, Makhijani et al., 2007, Shaye et al., 2007, Umemori et al., 2007, Bokel et al., 2006, Brodu and Casanova, 2006, Mirkovic and Mlodzik, 2006, Rives et al., 2006, Rusten et al., 2006, Adachi-Yamada et al., 2005, Hasson et al., 2005, Horabin, 2005, Sapir et al., 2005, Barrio and de Celis, 2004, Bharathi et al., 2004, Uv et al., 2003, Wernet et al., 2003, Novotny et al., 2002, Abzhanov et al., 2001, Frankfort et al., 2001, Holtzman et al., 2001, Affolter and Shilo, 2000, Chu et al., 2000)
          SalM
          (Duong et al., 2008, Vrailas and Moses, 2006, Kumar and Moses, 2001)
          Salm
          (Nixon et al., 2019, Sato et al., 2019, Wang et al., 2017, Carrasco-Rando et al., 2016, Yasugi and Nishimura, 2016, Baëza et al., 2015, Boekhoff-Falk and Eberl, 2014, Johnston and Desplan, 2014, Spletter and Schnorrer, 2014, Thanawala et al., 2013, Papadopoulos et al., 2011, Gutzwiller et al., 2010, Papadopoulos et al., 2010, Papadopoulos et al., 2010, Witt et al., 2010, Bhattacharya and Baker, 2009, Li-Kroeger et al., 2008, Miller et al., 2008, Grieder et al., 2007, Xie et al., 2007, Vrailas and Moses, 2006)
          Spalt
          (Barrio and Milán, 2017, Smelkinson et al., 2017, Herrera et al., 2013, Hamaratoglu et al., 2011, Schwank et al., 2011, Liu et al., 2008, Petrovic and Hummel, 2008, Shindo et al., 2008, Guan et al., 2007, Muñoz-Descalzo et al., 2007, Roignant et al., 2006, Paul and Beitel, 2005, Jekely and Rorth, 2003)
          l(2)03602
          (Mesilaty-Gross et al., 1999)
          sal
          (Sun et al., 2020, Gaspar et al., 2019, Al Khatib et al., 2017, Upadhyay et al., 2017, de Miguel et al., 2016, Mishra et al., 2016, Cheng and Andrew, 2015, Fried and Iber, 2015, Boube et al., 2014, Hsiao et al., 2014, Makki et al., 2014, Restrepo et al., 2014, Herrera et al., 2013, Mishra et al., 2013, Peterson and O'Connor, 2013, Upadhyai and Campbell, 2013, Shlevkov and Morata, 2012, Ziv et al., 2012, Chatterjee et al., 2011, de Navas et al., 2011, Glavic et al., 2011, Johnston et al., 2011, Pavlopoulos and Akam, 2011, Rodriguez, 2011, Sánchez et al., 2011, Zhai et al., 2011, Menéndez et al., 2010, Sánchez et al., 2010, Sánchez et al., 2010, Schwank and Basler, 2010, Shen et al., 2010, Terriente-Félix et al., 2010, Zhai et al., 2010, Cruz et al., 2009, Glavic et al., 2009, Goering et al., 2009, Hödl and Basler, 2009, Pentek et al., 2009, Zhai et al., 2009, Bickel et al., 2008, Campbell and Moser, 2008, Caussinus et al., 2008, Shaye et al., 2008, Sprecher and Desplan, 2008, Yamaguchi et al., 2008, Araujo et al., 2007, Barrio et al., 2007, Bates and Whitington, 2007, de Navascués and Modolell, 2007, Gesualdi and Haerry, 2007, Jung et al., 2007, Krattinger et al., 2007, Molnar et al., 2007, Sprecher et al., 2007, Walsh and Carroll, 2007, Ashe, 2006, Cai, 2006, Lovegrove et al., 2006, Lovegrove et al., 2006, Neumann and Affolter, 2006, Noro et al., 2006, Merabet et al., 2005, Rodriguez and Guerrero, 2005, Angulo et al., 2004, Bornemann et al., 2004, Crozatier et al., 2004, del Alamo Rodriguez et al., 2004, Ribeiro et al., 2004, Robertson and Mahaffey, 2004, Takei et al., 2004, Winter and Campbell, 2004, Adachi-Yamada and Vaccaro, 2003.2.6, de Celis, 2003, de Celis and Diaz Benjumea, 2003, del Alamo et al., 2003, Klein, 2003, Lifanov et al., 2003, Makeev et al., 2003, Muller et al., 2003, Rudel and Sommer, 2003, Si-Dong et al., 2003, Suzanne et al., 2003, Adachi-Yamada and O'Connor, 2002, Brodu et al., 2002, Cantera et al., 2002, Chu et al., 2002, Dong et al., 2002, Dorfman et al., 2002, Franch-Marro and Casanova, 2002, Galant et al., 2002, Mann and Carroll, 2002, Milan et al., 2002, Panganiban and Rubenstein, 2002, Papatsenko et al., 2002, Petit et al., 2002, Affolter et al., 2001, Bradley and Andrew, 2001, Brodu et al., 2001, Cavodeassi et al., 2001, Elstob et al., 2001, Funakoshi et al., 2001, Gurdon and Bourillot, 2001, Halder and Carroll, 2001, Herranz and Morata, 2001, Llimargas and Lawrence, 2001, Rusten et al., 2001, Brown and Castelli-Gair Hombria, 2000, Chihara and Hayashi, 2000, de Celis and Barrio, 2000, Dong et al., 2000, Entchev et al., 2000, Funakoshi et al., 2000, Llimargas, 2000, Marty et al., 2000, Milan and Cohen, 2000, Mohler et al., 2000, Tanimoto et al., 2000, Wolf and Schuh, 2000, Zelzer and Shilo, 2000, Barrio et al., 1999, Brummel et al., 1999, Campbell and Tomlinson, 1999, Chen et al., 1999, Crozatier et al., 1999, de Celis and Barrio, 1999, de Celis et al., 1999, Gonzalez-Gaitan and Jackle, 1999, Hu and Castelli-Gair, 1999, Jazwinska et al., 1999, Jazwinska et al., 1999, Kudoh, 1999, Kuhn et al., 1999, Morata and Sanchez-Herrero, 1999, Podos and Ferguson, 1999, Castelli-Gair, 1998, Castelli-Gair, 1998, Chen et al., 1998, Chen et al., 1998, de Celis, 1998, Gubb, 1998, Haerry et al., 1998, Haerry et al., 1998, Halder et al., 1998, Jazwinska et al., 1998, Kuhnlein et al., 1998, Kafatos, 1997, Kuhnlein et al., 1997, Kumar and Moses, 1997, Neumann and Cohen, 1997, Vincent et al., 1997, Vorbruggen et al., 1997, Wappner et al., 1997, Barrio et al., 1996, de Celis et al., 1996, Duncan, 1996, Kuhnlein and Schuh, 1996, Marin et al., 1996, Reuter et al., 1996, Harbecke and Lengyel, 1995, Kuhn et al., 1995, Mohler, 1995, Edgar et al., 1994, Kuhnlein et al., 1994, Landecker et al., 1994, Moriyama and Gojobori, 1992, Strecker et al., 1992, Finkelstein and Perrimon, 1991, Schuh et al., 1991, Casanova, 1989, Jurgens, 1988, Jurgens and Weigel, 1988, Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987)
          salII
          (Boube et al., 2001)
          salM
          (Kumar et al., 2003, Jackson et al., 1997)
          salm
          (Bakker et al., 2020, Li et al., 2020, Sun et al., 2020, Bageritz et al., 2019, Sauerwald et al., 2019, Shokri et al., 2019, Ahmed-de-Prado et al., 2018, Bischof et al., 2018, Hope et al., 2018, Lee et al., 2018, Lorente-Sorolla et al., 2018, Ogiyama et al., 2018, Ugrankar et al., 2018, Valsecchi et al., 2018, Karaiskos et al., 2017, Katti et al., 2017, Martín et al., 2017, Rohde et al., 2017, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Dubois et al., 2016, Gene Disruption Project members, 2016-, Kahn et al., 2016, Kuleesha et al., 2016, Sarov et al., 2016, Shlyueva et al., 2016, Skottheim Honn et al., 2016, Matsuda et al., 2015, Schertel et al., 2015, Spletter et al., 2015, Housden et al., 2014, Oas et al., 2014, Palsson et al., 2014, Sánchez-Higueras et al., 2014, Spletter and Schnorrer, 2014, Zhang et al., 2014, Caviglia and Luschnig, 2013, Kwon et al., 2013, Peterson and O'Connor, 2013, Bryantsev et al., 2012, Butchar et al., 2012, Hadar et al., 2012, He et al., 2012, Kim et al., 2012, Nikulova et al., 2012, Reid et al., 2012, Chatterjee et al., 2011, Choo et al., 2011, Schönbauer et al., 2011, Aerts et al., 2010, Ayroles et al., 2009, Bao and Friedrich, 2009, Bhattacharya and Baker, 2009, Dworkin et al., 2009, Grieder et al., 2009, Lu et al., 2009, Ochoa-Espinosa et al., 2009, Wagner et al., 2009, Yamamoto et al., 2009.2.25, Beckervordersandforth et al., 2008, Christensen and Cook, 2008.4.15, Hauenschild et al., 2008, Sanders et al., 2008, Sprecher and Desplan, 2008, Tarone et al., 2008, von Hilchen et al., 2008, Zahedi et al., 2008, Zeng et al., 2008, Beltran et al., 2007, Christensen and Cook, 2007.10.29, Dworkin et al., 2007, Ebacher et al., 2007, Hueber et al., 2007, Jakobsen et al., 2007, Lindner et al., 2007, Parrish et al., 2007, Tyler et al., 2007, Zeng et al., 2007, Christensen and Cook, 2006.12.5, Christensen and Cook, 2006.12.5, Grad et al., 2004, Kreiman, 2004, Gim et al., 2001)
          slam
          (Angulo et al., 2004)
          spalt
          (Kim et al., 2014, Herrera et al., 2013, Schwank et al., 2011, Szuperák et al., 2011, Eivers et al., 2009, Liu et al., 2008, Gesualdi and Haerry, 2007, Kerszberg and Wolpert, 2007, Angelini and Kaufman, 2005, Boekhoff-Falk, 2005)
          spalt major
          (Skottheim Honn et al., 2016)
          Name Synonyms
          Spalt
          (Wernet et al., 2015, Pichaud, 2014, Khan et al., 2013, Dahal et al., 2012, Hödl and Basler, 2012, Glavic et al., 2011, Kleinschmit et al., 2010, Mukai et al., 2010, Sánchez et al., 2010, Glavic et al., 2009, Bollenbach et al., 2008, McNeill et al., 2008, Sprecher and Desplan, 2008, Takaesu et al., 2008, Israeli et al., 2007, Horabin, 2005, Ribeiro et al., 2004, Voas and Rebay, 2004, Cook, 2003, Uv et al., 2003, Abrams, 2002, Uchida et al., 2002, Blaumueller and Mlodzik, 2000, Chu et al., 2000, Teleman and Cohen, 2000)
          Spalt Major
          (Grieder et al., 2007, Vrailas et al., 2006)
          Spalt major
          (Papadopoulos et al., 2010, Bhattacharya and Baker, 2009, Makhijani et al., 2007)
          Spalt-M
          (Duong et al., 2008)
          Spalt-major
          (Gutzwiller et al., 2010, Li-Kroeger et al., 2008, Mendes et al., 2006)
          sal major
          (Mollereau et al., 2001)
          spalt
          (Sun et al., 2020, Wieschaus and Nüsslein-Volhard, 2016, Simon and Guerrero, 2015, Curtis et al., 2013, Shlevkov and Morata, 2012, Chatterjee et al., 2011, de Navas et al., 2011, Erickson, 2011, Pavlopoulos and Akam, 2011, Sánchez et al., 2011, Menéndez et al., 2010, Shen et al., 2010, Song et al., 2010, Terriente-Félix et al., 2010, Zhai et al., 2010, Cruz et al., 2009, Hödl and Basler, 2009, Pentek et al., 2009, Widmann and Dahmann, 2009, Bickel et al., 2008, Campbell and Moser, 2008, Caussinus et al., 2008, Coiffier et al., 2008, Cook et al., 2008, Hsiao et al., 2008, Yamaguchi et al., 2008, Barrio et al., 2007, Goodfellow et al., 2007, Molnar et al., 2007, Umemori et al., 2007, Kirkpatrick et al., 2006, Molnar and de Celis, 2006, Neumann and Affolter, 2006, Noro et al., 2006, Walsh and Carroll, 2005, Dudu et al., 2004, Moreno and Basler, 2004, Wernet and Desplan, 2004, de Celis, 2003, Emerald et al., 2003, Ghabrial et al., 2003, Gonzalez-Gaitan, 2003, Gonzalez-Gaitan, 2003, Jan and Jan, 2003, Jazwinska and Affolter, 2003, Mollereau et al., 2003, Ribeiro et al., 2003, Bier et al., 2002, Calleja et al., 2002, Das et al., 2002, Dong and Panganiban, 2002, Dong et al., 2002, Lohmann and McGinnis, 2002, Mann and Carroll, 2002, Niswander and Anderson, 2002, Okajima and Irvine, 2002, Petit et al., 2002, Pickup et al., 2002, Seto et al., 2002, Stathopoulos and Levine, 2002, Arquier et al., 2001, Brodu et al., 2001, Dong and Panganiban, 2001, Felix and Gehring, 2001, Gee and Shearn, 2001, Ingham and McMahon, 2001, Mollereau et al., 2001, van Roessel, 2001, Vincent and Briscoe, 2001, Vincent and Perrimon, 2001, Affolter, 2000, Day and Lawrence, 2000, de Celis and Bray, 2000, Fraser and Harland, 2000, Goulding and Lamar, 2000, Pages and Kerridge, 2000, Weber et al., 2000, Zimmerman et al., 2000, Arquier et al., 1999, Brown and Castelli-Gair, 1999, Bryant, 1999, Cavodeassi et al., 1999, Cooper and Bray, 1999, de Celis, 1999, Fanto and Mlodzik, 1999, Matakatsu et al., 1999, Paricio et al., 1999, Podos and Ferguson, 1999, Raftery and Sutherland, 1999, Akam, 1998, Chen et al., 1998, Dominguez and de Celis, 1998, Hidalgo, 1998, Johnston, 1998, Lecuit and Cohen, 1998, Lunde et al., 1998, Whitman, 1998, Burke and Basler, 1997, Chen and Schuh, 1997, Graba et al., 1997, Kim et al., 1997, Lunde et al., 1997, Serrano and O'Farrell, 1997, Weigmann et al., 1997, Kuhnlein and Schuh, 1996, Lawrence and Struhl, 1996, Lecuit et al., 1996, Nellen et al., 1996, Samakovlis et al., 1996, Smith, 1996, Akam, 1995, Wimmer et al., 1995, Manak and Scott, 1994, Cohen, 1993, Jurgens and Hartenstein, 1993, Schuh, 1993.11.3, Karlin et al., 1990)
          spalt M
          (Vrailas and Moses, 2006)
          spalt major
          (Papadopoulos et al., 2019, Dubois et al., 2016, Baëza et al., 2015, Matsuda et al., 2015, Spletter et al., 2015, Housden et al., 2014, Spletter and Schnorrer, 2014, Fischer et al., 2012, Reid et al., 2012, Schönbauer et al., 2011, de Celis and Basler, 2010.7.11, Bao and Friedrich, 2009, Lu et al., 2009, Ochoa-Espinosa et al., 2009, Wagner et al., 2009, Hauenschild et al., 2008, von Hilchen et al., 2008, Zeng et al., 2008, Dworkin et al., 2007, Hueber et al., 2007, Lindner et al., 2007, Morozova et al., 2006, Harbison et al., 2005, Pearson et al., 2005, Gim et al., 2001)
          spalt majr
          (Zhai et al., 2009)
          spalt-major
          (Bryantsev et al., 2012, Gambis et al., 2011, Ebacher et al., 2007, Sollars and Ruden, 2000)
          Secondary FlyBase IDs
          • FBgn0004579
          • FBgn0010546
          • FBgn0259600
          Datasets (0)
          Study focus (0)
          Experimental Role
          Project
          Project Type
          Title
          References (590)