FB2025_02 , released April 17, 2025
Gene: Dmel\cac
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\cac
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
cacophony
Annotation Symbol
CG43368
Feature Type
FlyBase ID
FBgn0263111
Gene Model Status
Stock Availability
Gene Summary
cacophony (cac) encodes the primary structural subunit of a voltage-gated calcium channel, which is located at presynaptic active zones. It functions in evoked neurotransmitter release at neuromuscular synapses. It contributes to male courtship behavior and a wide range of neurophysiological processes. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
Also Known As

Dmca1A, Cactus, nbA, l(1)L13, 13

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
Recombination map
1-37
RefSeq locus
NC_004354 REGION:11931280..11985087
Sequence
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (36 terms)
Molecular Function (5 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002048
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002077
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002077, InterPro:IPR005446
non-traceable author statement
Biological Process (25 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (20 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:comt; FB:FBgn0000346
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
involved_in autophagy
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from direct assay
inferred from mutant phenotype
involved_in courtship behavior
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from expression pattern
inferred from direct assay
involved_in exocytosis
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
involved_in neuron remodeling
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (9 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
non-traceable author statement
involved_in courtship behavior
non-traceable author statement
traceable author statement
non-traceable author statement
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR005821
involved_in phototransduction
non-traceable author statement
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR005821
involved_in visual behavior
non-traceable author statement
Cellular Component (6 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (5 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from direct assay
inferred from direct assay
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from direct assay
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Ca-α1D; FB:FBgn0001991
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in membrane
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR005821
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001295293
non-traceable author statement
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002077
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002077, InterPro:IPR005446
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the calcium channel alpha-1 subunit (TC 1.A.1.11) family. (P91645)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
cacophony (cac) encodes the primary structural subunit of a voltage-gated calcium channel, which is located at presynaptic active zones. It functions in evoked neurotransmitter release at neuromuscular synapses. It contributes to male courtship behavior and a wide range of neurophysiological processes. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
VOLTAGE-GATED CALCIUM CHANNEL PORE SUBUNITS -
Voltage-gated Ca[2+] channels (CACN) allow the influx of extracellular Ca[2+] in response to plasma membrane depolarization. The α1 subunits are pore-forming proteins that encompass the voltage sensor and gating mechanism. (Adapted from FBrf0218524 and PMID:21746798).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, neurotransmitter release, gene expression, cell motility, cell division and cell death (By similarity). Probably encodes a dihydropyridine-insensitive current. Vital for survival to adulthood.
(UniProt, P91645)
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
cac: cacophony (J.C. Hall)
Males court abnormally with poor mating success and aberrant courtship song, which includes pulses of tone that are polycyclic, rather than monocyclic or tricyclic, within wild-type pulses and have increased amplitude. Some cac pulses, however, are quasi-normal in their cycle numbers (Wheeler et al., 1989); these, as well as many of the polycyclic pulses, have essentially normal intra-pulse frequencies; other cac pulses exhibit anomalous modulations, and these show multiple peaks in the intra-pulse spectra, unlike wild type. Mating success of wingless mutant males is still worse than that of wingless wild-type males, which is correlated with genetic separability of song abnormalities from deficit in mating performance. Female courtship appears to be unaffected by cac; but general locomotor activity of males or females is subnormal. cac is recessive for generally abnormal behavior and for courtship song defects in tra/tra flies (Kulkarni, Hall, and Schilcher).
nbA: night blind A (J.C. Hall)
Higher than normal light-intensity thresholds needed for optomotor or phototactic responses (Heisenberg and Gotz, 1975). More specifically, high-acuity optomotor responses (ability to respond to relatively narrow moving stripes) relatively normal, but high-sensitivity flies (ability to respond to moving stimuli in dim light conditions) are impaired, hence, a "night-blind" phenotype (Heisenberg). In "slow phototaxis/Y-tube" tests (using ordinary white fluorescent light), mutant adults were extremely subnormal and in fact preferred the dark-arm of the Y (Kulkarni and Hall, 1987). Light-on and light-off transient spikes of electroretinogram reduced in amplitude, possibly absent (Heisenberg, 1979; Homyk and Pye, 1989). Weak orientation to spots in Y-maze test (Bulthoff, 1982). nbA mutation may define an essential gene, because nbA3/l(1)11Aa1 heterozygotes lack ERG transients (Homyk and Pye) and are severely defective in phototaxis (Kulkarni and Hall, 1987).
Summary (Interactive Fly)

voltage sensitive calcium channel that stimulates neurotransmetter release at the presynaptic terminus at the neuromuscular junction - contributes to male courtship behavior along with TRP and TRPL, cacophony mediates Ca(2+) influx and exocytosis in photoreceptor axons

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
18
Number of Unique Polypeptides
17

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\cac for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry P91645)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 6.25

Triple stop-codon suppression (UAG, UGA, UAG) postulated; FBrf0234051, FlyBase analysis.

Gene model reviewed during 5.56

Gene model reviewed during 5.41

Gene model reviewed during 5.39

Tissue-specific extension of 3' UTRs observed during later stages (FBrf0218523, FBrf0219848); all variants may not be annotated

Gene model reviewed during 5.45

Annotated transcripts do not represent all possible combinations of alternative exons and/or alternative promoters

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
FBtr0307318
8471
1848
FBtr0307321
8471
1848
FBtr0307317
8471
1848
FBtr0307319
8471
1848
FBtr0307322
8490
1851
FBtr0307320
10638
1851
FBtr0307313
8474
1849
FBtr0307314
8474
1849
FBtr0307315
10902
1850
FBtr0307316
8477
1850
FBtr0307323
8705
1926
FBtr0307324
8276
1783
FBtr0307325
10251
1954
FBtr0308609
8480
1851
FBtr0332391
8395
1869
FBtr0474239
8471
1852
FBtr0474240
8471
1865
FBtr0474241
8471
2110
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
FBpp0298319
212.1
1848
8.13
FBpp0298322
212.2
1848
8.13
FBpp0298318
212.1
1848
8.07
FBpp0298320
212.2
1848
8.07
FBpp0298323
212.5
1851
8.01
FBpp0298321
212.6
1851
7.95
FBpp0298314
212.3
1849
8.01
FBpp0298315
212.2
1849
8.07
FBpp0298316
212.4
1850
8.07
FBpp0298317
212.4
1850
8.01
FBpp0298324
220.6
1926
8.33
FBpp0298325
204.9
1783
7.60
FBpp0298326
223.5
1954
8.44
FBpp0300833
212.5
1851
8.01
FBpp0304665
214.7
1869
7.89
FBpp0423192
212.6
1852
8.13
FBpp0423193
214.2
1865
8.29
FBpp0423194
242.3
2110
8.01
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

1851 aa isoforms: cac-PE, cac-PO
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

1851 (aa); 212 (kD predicted)

Comments

Putative phenylalkylamine binding site predicted.

External Data
Domain

Each of the four internal repeats contains five hydrophobic transmembrane segments (S1, S2, S3, S5, S6) and one positively charged transmembrane segment (S4). S4 segments probably represent the voltage-sensor and are characterized by a series of positively charged amino acids at every third position.

(UniProt, P91645)
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\cac using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.54

Transcript Expression
Polypeptide Expression
epitope tag
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Additional Descriptive Data

cac protein is localized to the presynaptic active zone in both larval and adult neuromuscular junctions.

Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from direct assay
inferred from direct assay
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from direct assay
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Ca-α1D; FB:FBgn0001991
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\cac in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Images
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 87 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 31 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of cac
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of cac
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 23 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 23 )
Inferred from location ( 27 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
Other Phenotypes
Allele
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
dorsal medial muscle & synapse
dorsal medial muscle & synapse (with cacL13)
dorsal medial muscle & synapse (with cacTS2)
dorsal medial muscle & synapse (with Df(1)KA10)
dorsal medial muscle & synapse | conditional ts
intracoxal lateral levator muscle & synapse | conditional ts
Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (37)
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
10 of 14
No
Yes
5  
10 of 14
No
Yes
5 of 14
No
No
5 of 14
No
No
5 of 14
No
No
4 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
1  
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
1  
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
1  
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\CACNA1C-IT2
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1  
1 of 14
No
No
1  
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (28)
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
10 of 14
No
Yes
9 of 14
No
Yes
5 of 14
No
No
5 of 14
No
No
4 of 14
No
No
4 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (28)
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
10 of 14
No
Yes
9 of 14
No
Yes
5 of 14
No
No
5 of 14
No
No
5 of 14
No
No
5 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (30)
7 of 13
Yes
Yes
7 of 13
Yes
Yes
5 of 13
No
Yes
3 of 13
No
No
2 of 13
No
No
2 of 13
No
No
2 of 13
No
No
2 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (30)
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
10 of 14
No
Yes
10 of 14
No
Yes
9 of 14
No
Yes
6 of 14
No
Yes
6 of 14
No
No
5 of 14
No
No
5 of 14
No
No
4 of 14
No
No
4 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (9)
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
4 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (11)
10 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (3)
3 of 13
Yes
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (1)
7 of 13
Yes
Yes
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (2)
5 of 12
Yes
No
1 of 12
No
No
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:cac. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (12)
8 of 13
6 of 13
5 of 13
5 of 13
4 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 5 )
Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 5 )
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 6 )
Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
Homo sapiens (Human)
Gene name
Score
OMIM
OMIM Phenotype
DO term
Complementation?
Transgene?
Functional Complementation Data
Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
Interactions
Summary of Physical Interactions
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interaction Browsers

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
suppressible
External Data
Linkouts
DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
Pathways
Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
Metabolic Pathways
FlyBase
External Links
Reactome Metabolic Pathways - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed metabolic pathway database.
External Data
Linkouts
Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
Class of Gene
Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
Chromosome (arm)
X
Recombination map
1-37
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Evidence for location
10F7-11A1
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Notes
References
11A-11A
(determined by in situ hybridisation)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location
Right of (cM)
Notes

97 of 129 recombinants between m and fw ocurred distal to cac. 5 of 8 recombinants between cac and fw were distal to gd. 2 of 10 gd/fw recombinants were distal to tsg.

Stocks and Reagents
Stocks (54)
Genomic Clones (29)
cDNA Clones (35)
 

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones
    Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

    For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

    cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
    BDGP DGC clones
    RNAi and Array Information
    Linkouts
    Antibody Information
    Laboratory Generated Antibodies
     

    polyclonal

    Commercially Available Antibodies
     
    Cell Line Information
    Publicly Available Cell Lines
     
      Other Stable Cell Lines
       
        Other Comments

        Annotation CG15928 restored in release 5.15 of the genome annotation.

        Hypomorphic mutations in cac result in defects at the mature larval neuromuscular junction; there is a decrease in both synaptic terminal branching and varicosity number. This reduced synapse proliferation is not due to increased synapse retraction. These mutants do not show defects in neuromuscular junction morphology at the late embryonic stage.

        Annotation CG15928 eliminated in release 3 of the genome annotation, October 2002.

        The cac gene product, an α1-subunit of the L-type calcium channel, plays a role in epithelial fluid transport, in a distinct calcium entry mechanism mediated by CAP2b, cGMP and thapsigargin.

        The cac Ca channels mediate multiple, separable biological functions. These correlate in part with transcript diversity generated by alternative splicing.

        Mutants exhibit defective courtship song.

        Light-on and light-off transient spikes of electroretinogram are reduced in amplitude, and possibly absent in mutants. The prolonged depolarization after potential (PDA) is also abnormal.

        Aberrant intervals between song pulses were observed in cac mutant and cac, nonA double mutant songs.

        Complementation patterns for cac mutants are complex, tests are carried out in diplo-X individuals transformed into phenotypic males by tra mutants.

        cac mutants show complex complementation patterns and interactions. Courtship song is polycyclic in cac mutants, yet courtship hums and wing beats are normal suggesting a specific role of 'cac' in the neural program underlying a feature of wing vibrations. In 'slow phototaxis/Y-tube' tests (using ordinary white fluorescent light), mutant adults were extremely subnormal and in fact preferred the dark-arm of the Y.

        Mutants show weak orientation to spots in Y-maze test.

        Light-on and light-off transient spikes of electroretinogram are reduced in amplitude, and possibly absent in mutants.

        Mutants require higher than normal light-intensity thresholds for optomotor or phototactic responses. More specifically, high-acuity optomotor responses (ability to respond to relatively narrow moving stripes) are relatively normal, but high-sensitivity flies (ability to respond to moving stimuli in dim light conditions) are impaired, hence, a 'night-blind' phenotype.

        Relationship to Other Genes
        Source for database merge of

        Source for merge of: cac CG15928

        Additional comments

        Annotations CG1522 and CG15928 merged as CG43368 in release 5.36 of the genome annotation.

        "E(TS2)22" has not been separated from "cacTS2" in meiotic mapping experiments examining more than 1000 recombinant chromosomes. It is either an intragenic mutation in "cac" or is within a closely linked gene.

        Nomenclature History
        Source for database identify of

        Source for identity of: cac CG1522

        Nomenclature comments
        Etymology
        Synonyms and Secondary IDs (47)
        Reported As
        Symbol Synonym
        Ca-α1A
        EE171
        H18
        H47
        P18
        cac
        (Bell et al., 2025, Hofbauer et al., 2024, Medeiros et al., 2024, Slater, 2024, Corthals et al., 2023, Garcia-Vaquero et al., 2023, He et al., 2023, Silva-Cardoso and N'Gouemo, 2023, Gonzalez-Suarez et al., 2022, Liang et al., 2022, Newman et al., 2022, Ormerod et al., 2022, Qiao et al., 2022, Qiao et al., 2022, Bilder et al., 2021, Hidalgo et al., 2021, Hsu et al., 2021, Ordway, 2021.9.3, Pang et al., 2021, Salim et al., 2021, Scaplen and Petruccelli, 2021, Yeates and Frank, 2021, Anholt et al., 2020, Frank et al., 2020, Graves et al., 2020, Hope et al., 2020, Hung et al., 2020, Kurmangaliyev et al., 2020, Perry et al., 2020, Petzoldt et al., 2020, Sapiro et al., 2020, Takai et al., 2020, Zhao et al., 2020, Böhme et al., 2019, Gratz et al., 2019, Kasuya et al., 2019, Lembke et al., 2019, Meltzer et al., 2019, Raza et al., 2019, Scholz et al., 2019, Weiss et al., 2019, Al-Ramahi et al., 2018, Fulterer et al., 2018, Gene Disruption Project members, 2018-, Grobler et al., 2018, Harris et al., 2018, Lee et al., 2018, Oriel and Lasko, 2018, Şentürk and Bellen, 2018, Stegeman et al., 2018, Wentzel et al., 2018, Agrawal et al., 2017, Aw et al., 2017, Fisher et al., 2017, Meltzer et al., 2017, Rohde et al., 2017, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Vonhoff and Keshishian, 2017, Yao et al., 2017, Carbone et al., 2016, Engel et al., 2016, Gene Disruption Project members, 2016-, Gupta et al., 2016, Jones et al., 2016, Jungreis et al., 2016, Saras and Tanouye, 2016, Spring et al., 2016, Terada et al., 2016, Wang et al., 2016, Wang et al., 2016, Zhang et al., 2016, Brusich et al., 2015, Casci and Pandey, 2015, Diao et al., 2015, Gaviño et al., 2015, Tian et al., 2015, Wiemerslage and Lee, 2015, Ashwal-Fluss et al., 2014, Ford and Davis, 2014, Haelterman et al., 2014, Horiguchi et al., 2014, Inagaki et al., 2014, Iyengar and Wu, 2014, Lee et al., 2014, Westholm et al., 2014, Costa and Stanewsky, 2013, Huang et al., 2013, Kanamori et al., 2013, Sopko and Perrimon, 2013, Terriente-Felix et al., 2013, Yamamoto et al., 2013-, Astorga et al., 2012, Felix et al., 2012, Hazelett et al., 2012, Kaushik et al., 2012, Lutas et al., 2012, Müller and Davis, 2012, Rodriguez et al., 2012, Ryglewski et al., 2012, Savva et al., 2012, Senthilan et al., 2012, Tsubouchi et al., 2012, Ellis and Carney, 2011, Kawasaki et al., 2011, Seong et al., 2011, Yu et al., 2011, Carrillo et al., 2010, Hallermann et al., 2010, Kuromi et al., 2010, Popodi et al., 2010-, Repnikova et al., 2010, Tsurudome et al., 2010, Venken et al., 2010, Dason et al., 2009, Dickman and Davis, 2009, Frank et al., 2009, Gu et al., 2009, Kawasaki and Ordway, 2009, Kurshan et al., 2009, Perkins et al., 2009.8.10, Venken et al., 2009, Dickman et al., 2008, Hou et al., 2008, Long et al., 2008, Ly et al., 2008, Worrell and Levine, 2008, Zou et al., 2008, Dietzl et al., 2007, Peng and Wu, 2007, Peng et al., 2007, Frank et al., 2006, Huang et al., 2006, Macleod et al., 2006, Schmid et al., 2006, Gleason, 2005, Ray and Dowse, 2005, Wu et al., 2005, Philipps et al., 2004, Wang et al., 2004, Hall, 2002, Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)
        l(1)11Aa
        ldg
        nonB
        opm18
        opm47
        Name Synonyms
        Calcium Channel α1 subunit
        Calcium channel α1 subunit, type A
        lamina-degeneration
        lethal(1)11Aa
        nightblind A
        no-on-transient B
        Secondary FlyBase IDs
        • FBgn0005563
        • FBgn0000249
        • FBgn0001518
        • FBgn0001754
        • FBgn0002923
        • FBgn0002958
        • FBgn0005430
        • FBgn0020500
        • FBgn0025106
        • FBgn0040856
        Datasets (0)
        Study focus (0)
        Experimental Role
        Project
        Project Type
        Title
        Study result (0)
        Result
        Result Type
        Title
        External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 143 )
        Sequence Crossreferences
        NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
        GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
        UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
        UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
        UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
        Other crossreferences
        AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
        BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
        DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
        EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
        FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
        KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
        MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
        PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
        Linkouts
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
        FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
        FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
        Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
        FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
        iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
        Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
        MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
        Reactome Metabolic Pathways - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed metabolic pathway database.
        References (409)