Gene: Dmel\hts
adducin, 1B1, Add, Adducin-like, l(2)k06121
homolog of mammalian adducin - necessary for actin localization to ring canals during oogenesis
Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\hts for information on other features
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Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.
Gene model reviewed during 5.51
Gene model reviewed during 5.40
Gene model reviewed during 6.29
4.4 (northern blot)
4.5, 3.8, 3.7 (northern blot)
95, 87 (kD observed)
1156 (aa)
1156 (aa); 128 (kD)
Monoclonal antibody 2C1 recognizes the 95kD form of hts protein.
Monoclonal antibody 1B1 recognizes the 87kD form of hts protein.
Antibodies were prepared against the terminal 351 amino acids of hts protein.
Mammalian adducin is a membrane -cytoskeleton-associated protein that promotes the assembly of the spectrin-actin network.
Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\hts using the Feature Mapper tool.
Isoform-specific expression patterns are observed. Sex-specific expression of alternative transcripts observed. hts-RA is reported to be female-specific.
hts protein accumulates in all of the somatic cells of the ovary throughout oogenesis and is membrane-associated. It is detected in the germline in the fusome. Both the 87kD and 95kD forms of the protein are detected in the nurse cell cytoplasm and in the oocyte between stages 1 and 8 of oogenesis. From stage 9, the 95kD form is present in the nurse cell cytoplasm but not in the oocyte. The 87kD form is present in the oocyte and becomes restricted to the cortex at stage 9. By stages 11 and 12, it is restricted to the anterior pole of the oocyte. The 87kD form of hts co-localizes with spectrin and actin in the follicle cells and in the cortex of the oocyte through stage 10 and co-localizes with spectrin in the fusomes. hts protein is ubiquitous in embryos from stage 4 to stage 15. Both forms of the protein accumulate to high levels in the CNS and in the endoderm from about stage 13. Later, the 97kD form is high in CNS and not elsewhere while the 87kD form is expressed quite generally in the gut, nervous system, muscles and epidermis.
hts protein is observed in ring canals from germarium stage 2a until stage 13.
GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals
View Dmel\hts in GBrowse 22-89
2-94.6
Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.
monoclonal
monoclonal antibody
polyclonal
Source for identity of: hts CG9325
Source for merge of: hts l(2)01103
Source for merge of: hts l(2)00634 l(2)k06121 l(2)k14523
Source for merge of: hts anon- EST:Posey9
Source for merge of: hts CG34197
Annotations CG9325 and CG34197 merged as CG43443 in release 5.40 of the genome annotation.
Merge supported by RNA-seq junction and RNA-seq expression data.
snoRNA:hts-a is encoded in an intron of hts.
hts is involved in local actin filament proliferation.
Disturbing hts RNA localisation does not affect microtubule organisation.
New annotation (CG34197) in release 5.2 of the genome annotation.
Defects in mitotic spindle assembly or function in gonial cells of hts mutants are rare.
While spermatocytes within a cyst proceed through meiosis in near synchrony in wild type animals, spermatocytes within cysts of hts mutants show dramatic asynchrony.
dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology.
Alternative processing of hts transcripts produced in the ovary introduces distinct 3' untranslated regions that differentially localise the mRNAs during oogenesis.
Mutant analysis suggests the spectrosome anchors the spindle to ensure asymmetry of the GSC division and fusomes are required for the proper formation and asymmetric orientation of mitotic spindles.
Eliminating the spectrosome by hts mutation leads to randomised spindle orientation. Eliminating the fusome in developing cysts results in defective spindles and randomised spindle orientation as well as asynchronous and reduced cystocyte divisions.
The hts protein localizes specifically to ring canals very early in ring canal assembly.
hts gene, encoding adducin-like molecule, isolated after serendipitous observation that its transcript is localised to the anterior pole of the oocyte and early embryo. Comparison of bcd and hts transcript distribution in swa, exu and stau mutant embryos indicates different genetic requirements for proper localization of bcd and hts RNAs. Reduced stringency Southern blot analysis indicates there are no additional Adducin-like genes encoding proteins with 63% or more amino acid sequence similarity to hts in the genome.
The gene has been cloned by plasmid rescue, and encodes an adducin homolog.
Females mutant for hts alleles produce egg chambers with fewer than 15 nurse cells, which usually lack an oocyte, and have defective ring canals.
"hu-li tai shao" means "too little nursing" in Chinese.
