FB2025_05 , released December 11, 2025
Gene: Dmel\Eip93F
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Eip93F
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Ecdysone-induced protein 93F
Annotation Symbol
CG18389
Feature Type
FlyBase ID
FBgn0264490
Gene Model Status
Stock Availability
Gene Summary
Ecdysone-induced protein 93F (Eip93F) encodes a DNA binding protein that plays an important role as an adult determinant during fly metamorphosis. [Date last reviewed: 2019-10-03] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
Also Known As

E93, l(3)93, psg11, lincRNA.833, l(3)ry93

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-73
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:21949114..22014539
Sequence
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (4 terms)
Molecular Function (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables DNA binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR007889
Biological Process (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from mutant phenotype
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
Cellular Component (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in nucleus
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000489062
located_in nucleus
non-traceable author statement
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Ecdysone-induced protein 93F (Eip93F) encodes a DNA binding protein that plays an important role as an adult determinant during fly metamorphosis. [Date last reviewed: 2019-10-03]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
PIPSQUEAK TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS -
Pipsqueak transcription factors are sequence-specific DNA binding proteins that regulate transcription. These family members are characterized by a heix-turn-helix DNA-binding domain called Psq domain, which consists of four tandem repeats of a conserved 50-amino acid sequence, the Psq motif. (Adapted from FBrf0148954 and FBrf0105267).
Summary (Interactive Fly)

Pipsqueak family transcription factor - programs a cell death response during larval development - Eip93F transcription is steroid-regulated

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
3
Number of Unique Polypeptides
3

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Eip93F for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry A0A0B4KHV1)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Stop-codon suppression (UGA) postulated; FBrf0216884.

Gene model reviewed during 5.44

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.47

Tissue-specific extension of 3' UTRs observed during later stages (FBrf0218523, FBrf0219848); all variants may not be annotated

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
FBtr0084169
12020
1165
FBtr0112874
4438
1188
FBtr0330384
12020
1188
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

9.5 (northern blot)

Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
FBpp0083567
124.0
1165
7.15
FBpp0111787
126.8
1188
7.41
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

1221 (aa); 146 (kD)

Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Eip93F using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-1.25

Transcript Expression
dissected tissue
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
organism | ubiquitous

Comment: maternally deposited

northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference

Comment: reference states 96 hr APF

Additional Descriptive Data

Expression increases after the prepupal (+10 hr APF) ecdysone pulse.

Eip93F transcript is expressed in a subset of olfactory sense organs in the antenna. These include some sensilla labelled by MmusCd8aOr47b.330.T:AvicGFP or MmusCd8aOr92a.AvicGFP.T:HsapMYC.

Eip93F transcripts are first detected during metamorphosis on northern blots. Transcript levels increase following the late larval and prepupal ecdysteroid pulses, as well as immediately before adult eclosion. In dissected salivary glands, they are expressed only in prepupal glands and were shown to be induced by 20E. In situ hybridization and northern blot analysis of RNA isolated from dissected tissues shows that Eip93F transcripts are present in gut and at a lower level in fat body of early prepupae and in the CNS, gut, fat body, salivary glands and imaginal discs in late prepupae.

RNA blots were carried out on RNA extracted from staged larval and prepupal salivary glands. Eip93F transcripts are induced in apparent response to the prepupal ecdysone pulse paralleling the puffing response at 93F. Ectopic ftz-f1 expression leads to Eip93F induction in late-larval salivary glands.

Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Additional Descriptive Data

Eip93F is expressed broadly in developing adult tissues during pupation, but is not expressed in larvae. In pupal wings, Eip93F expression is reduced in the wing veins in comparision to the rest of the developing wing blade. At 39h APF, Eip93F is expressed in stripes on the labellum that likely correspond to developing pseudotracheae.

On the pupal leg, Eip93F is present at 27h APF in bract, bristle precursor cells (external sensory organ precursor cells), and tormogen (socket) cells. By 30h APF, expression is limited to only bract and tormogen cells, and is further limited to only bract cells by 42h APF. In adults, bracts are found on the legs and the wings. However, in the abdomen at 42h APF, Eip93F is highly expressed in tormogen cells and "bract-equivalent cells" associated with bristle precursor (external sensory organ precursor) cells.

Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Eip93F in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Images
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 29 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 11 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Eip93F
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Eip93F
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 9 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
Sterility
Allele
Other Phenotypes
Allele
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (2)
5 of 14
Yes
Yes
4 of 14
No
Yes
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (2)
2 of 14
Yes
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (2)
5 of 14
Yes
Yes
4 of 14
No
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (2)
4 of 13
Yes
No
1 of 13
No
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (3)
5 of 14
Yes
Yes
4 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)
6 of 14
Yes
Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)
8 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Eip93F. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    Interaction Browsers

    Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
    RNA-RNA
    Physical Interaction
    Assay
    References
    protein-protein
    Physical Interaction
    Assay
    References
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    Interaction Browsers

    Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    External Data
    Linkouts
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Metabolic Pathways
    FlyBase
    External Links
    External Data
    Linkouts
    KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
    Class of Gene
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    3R
    Recombination map
    3-73
    Cytogenetic map
    Sequence location
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    93F14-93F14
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}tsl00617 and P{lacW}howj5B5&P{EP}EP738
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    Located by the range spanned by the 135kb chromosome walk known to include the Eip93F transcription unit.
    93F-93F
    (determined by in situ hybridisation)
    93F5-93F6
    (determined by in situ hybridisation)
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Location
    Left of (cM)
    Right of (cM)
    Notes
    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (75)
    Genomic Clones (53)
    cDNA Clones (58)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

      For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

      cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
      BDGP DGC clones
      RNAi and Array Information
      Linkouts
      Antibody Information
      Laboratory Generated Antibodies
      Commercially Available Antibodies
       
      Cell Line Information
      Publicly Available Cell Lines
       
        Other Stable Cell Lines
         
          Other Comments

          The Eip93F gene displays stage- and tissue-specific regulation by 20-hydroxyecdysone.

          Ecdysone regulated puff gene.

          Relationship to Other Genes
          Source for database merge of

          Source for merge of: Eip93F CG18389

          Source for merge of: Eip93F anon-WO02059370.58

          Source for merge of: Eip93F l(3)ry93

          Additional comments

          Three mutant alleles ('E93[1]', 'E93[2]' and 'E93[3]') that form a single complementation group and that were previously assigned to the Eip93F locus have been shown to instead be allelic to the neighbouring Idh3b gene. The alleles have been renamed Idh3b1, Idh3b2 and Idh3b3 respectively.

          Source for merge of Eip93F anon-WO02059370.58 was sequence comparison ( date:051113 ).

          Nomenclature History
          Source for database identify of
          Nomenclature comments
          Etymology
          Synonyms and Secondary IDs (17)
          Reported As
          Symbol Synonym
          E93
          (Bradic and Rewitz, 2025, Long et al., 2025, Tang et al., 2025, Ahmed-de-Prado et al., 2024, Cruz et al., 2024, Morrow and Mirth, 2024, Sood et al., 2024, Wani et al., 2024, Zhang et al., 2024, Chafino et al., 2023, Hamid et al., 2023, Ling et al., 2023, Wen et al., 2023, Zhang et al., 2023, Islam and Erclik, 2022, Lam et al., 2022, Li et al., 2022, Ray et al., 2022, Truman and Riddiford, 2022, Mika et al., 2021, Sood et al., 2021, Belles, 2020, Gohel et al., 2020, Maurange, 2020, Nystrom et al., 2020, Riddiford, 2020, Song and Zhou, 2020, Xu et al., 2020, Pahl et al., 2019, Santos et al., 2019, Tettamanti and Casartelli, 2019, Wang et al., 2019, Liu et al., 2018, Doe, 2017, Duncan et al., 2017, Praggastis and Thummel, 2017, Takayanagi-Kiya et al., 2017, Uyehara et al., 2017, Sengupta et al., 2016, Zheng et al., 2016, Nicolson et al., 2015, Kim et al., 2014, Liu et al., 2014, Denton et al., 2013, Denton et al., 2013, Martin et al., 2013, Ihry et al., 2012, Jafari et al., 2012, Mou et al., 2012, Dialynas et al., 2010, Ruaud et al., 2010, Wang et al., 2010, Chittaranjan et al., 2009, Chen et al., 2008, Bashirullah et al., 2007, Cao et al., 2007, Martin et al., 2007, Thummel, 2007, Varghese and Cohen, 2007, Kanao and Miyachi, 2006, Kilpatrick et al., 2005, Daish et al., 2004, Kumar and Cakouros, 2004, Li and White, 2003, Mathur et al., 2003, Siegmund and Lehmann, 2002, Thummel and Chory, 2002, Lee and Baehrecke, 2001, Thummel, 2001, Thummel, 2001, Buszczak and Segraves, 2000, Jiang et al., 2000, Lafont, 2000, Lee et al., 2000, Pecasse et al., 2000, Broadus et al., 1999, Lam et al., 1999, Richards et al., 1999, Woodard and Gniadek, 1999, D'Avino and Thummel, 1998, Thummel, 1997, Baehrecke, 1996, Baehrecke, 1995.4.24, Henrich and Brown, 1995, Thummel, 1995, Woodard et al., 1994)
          anon-WO02059370.58
          Name Synonyms
          Ecdysone-induced protein 93F
          lethal (3) ry93
          Secondary FlyBase IDs
          • FBgn0013948
          • FBgn0038920
          • FBgn0066001
          • FBgn0013585
          Datasets (0)
          Study focus (0)
          Experimental Role
          Project
          Project Type
          Title
          Study result (0)
          Result
          Result Type
          Title
          External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 47 )
          Sequence Crossreferences
          NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
          GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
          GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
          RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
          UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
          UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
          Other crossreferences
          AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
          BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
          DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
          EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
          FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
          InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
          KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
          MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
          Linkouts
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
          DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
          Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
          FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
          FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
          Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
          iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
          Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
          KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
          References (207)