FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\tau
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\tau
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
tau
Annotation Symbol
CG45110
Feature Type
FlyBase ID
FBgn0266579
Gene Model Status
Stock Availability
Gene Summary
tau (tau) encodes a microtubule associated protein, which is a specific marker for posterior signalling center cells, a subtype of immune cells. Its human ortholog is well known for its role in the stabilisation of the neuronal cytoskeleton and implication in diverse neuronal diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, where the accumulation of tau protein causes neuronal decay. [Date last reviewed: 2023-11-16] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
Also Known As

dTau

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-94
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:27639886..27656996
Sequence
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (13 terms)
Molecular Function (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from direct assay
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002608729
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR027324
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002608729
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001084
Biological Process (6 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002608729
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000161190
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002608729
Cellular Component (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in axon
inferred from direct assay
colocalizes_with cytoplasmic microtubule
inferred from direct assay
located_in dendrite
inferred from direct assay
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in axon
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000161190
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002608729
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
tau (tau) encodes a microtubule associated protein, which is a specific marker for posterior signalling center cells, a subtype of immune cells. Its human ortholog is well known for its role in the stabilisation of the neuronal cytoskeleton and implication in diverse neuronal diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, where the accumulation of tau protein causes neuronal decay. [Date last reviewed: 2023-11-16]
Summary (Interactive Fly)

microtubule-associated protein - delivery of synaptic proteins - vesicular axonal transport - a target for PAR-1 in dendritic pruning - Dendrite severing - regulation of photoreceptor development and progressive neuronal degeneration

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
14
Number of Unique Polypeptides
12

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\tau for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9VB15)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Annotated transcripts do not represent all possible combinations of alternative exons and/or alternative promoters.

Gene model reviewed during 5.55

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model includes transcripts encoding non-overlapping portions of the full CDS.

Gene model reviewed during 5.44

Gene model reviewed during 6.03

Gene model reviewed during 6.32

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
FBtr0344741
2243
361
FBtr0344742
2425
361
FBtr0344743
2459
349
FBtr0344744
1343
93
FBtr0344745
1802
403
FBtr0344746
3754
717
FBtr0344747
1457
288
FBtr0344748
1643
350
FBtr0344749
2084
308
FBtr0344750
1781
278
FBtr0344751
1803
278
FBtr0344752
2261
367
FBtr0347394
3340
375
FBtr0479931
2369
324
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
FBpp0311073
38.5
361
10.45
FBpp0311074
38.5
361
10.45
FBpp0311078
78.0
717
10.42
FBpp0428263
34.9
324
10.39
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

361 aa isoforms: tau-PA, tau-PB
278 aa isoforms: tau-PK, tau-PL
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

60 (kD observed)

Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\tau using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.84

Transcript Expression
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
western blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Additional Descriptive Data

Maternal tau proteinpersists in the embryo until stage 4. Expression is observed from stage 14 in the embryonic brain and ventral nerve cord. After stage 15, expression is seen in the cap cells of particular chordotonal organs. These include the dch3 cluster in the thoracic segments, the lch5 cluster and lch1 in segments A1-A7, and the lch3 clusters in A8 and A9. tau protein is expressed in larval eye discs, in photorecptor cells posterior to the morphogenetic furrow, as well as in the optic lobe, ventral nerve cord, and leg discs. In adults, tau protein is observed in the visual system. tau protein co-localizes with microtubules in several larval and adult tissues.

Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in axon
inferred from direct assay
colocalizes_with cytoplasmic microtubule
inferred from direct assay
located_in dendrite
inferred from direct assay
Expression Deduced from Reporters
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult brain

Comment: expression throughout adult brain

High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\tau in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Images
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 34 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 18 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of tau
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of tau
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 1 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 1 )
Inferred from location ( 8 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
Sterility
Allele
Other Phenotypes
Allele
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (5)
4 of 14
Yes
Yes
 
188  
3 of 14
No
Yes
1  
3 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (6)
4 of 14
Yes
Yes
3 of 14
No
Yes
3 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (6)
5 of 14
Yes
Yes
4 of 14
No
Yes
3 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (3)
3 of 13
Yes
Yes
2 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (6)
5 of 14
Yes
Yes
4 of 14
No
Yes
4 of 14
No
Yes
3 of 14
No
Yes
3 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (2)
7 of 14
Yes
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)
8 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:tau. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (2)
1 of 13
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 14 )
Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 4 )
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 15 )
Allele
Disease
Interaction
References
Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
Functional Complementation Data
Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
Dmel gene
Ortholog showing functional complementation
Supporting References
Interactions
Summary of Physical Interactions
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interaction Browsers

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
External Data
Linkouts
DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
Pathways
Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
Metabolic Pathways
FlyBase
External Links
External Data
Linkouts
Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
Class of Gene
Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
Chromosome (arm)
3R
Recombination map
3-94
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Evidence for location
98A13-98A14
Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}sda03884 and P{PZ}btzrL203
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Notes
References
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Stocks and Reagents
Stocks (26)
Genomic Clones (29)
cDNA Clones (29)
 

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones
Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones
RNAi and Array Information
Linkouts
Antibody Information
Laboratory Generated Antibodies
Commercially Available Antibodies
 
Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank - Monoclonal antibodies for use in research
Cell Line Information
Publicly Available Cell Lines
 
    Other Stable Cell Lines
     
      Other Comments

      New annotation (CG34294) in release 5.2 of the genome annotation.

      RNAi generated by PCR using primers directed to this gene causes a cell growth and viability phenotype when assayed in Kc167 and S2R+ cells.

      dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology.

      Relationship to Other Genes
      Source for database merge of

      Source for merge of: tau BcDNA:RE16764

      Source for merge of: tau CG31058 CG34294

      Additional comments

      Annotations CG31057, CG31058 and CG34294 merged as CG45110 in release 5.55 of the genome annotation. The CG34294 annotation overlapped the 3' end of some isoforms, but corresponded to a different ORF.

      Source for identity of tau CG5606 CG12881 was sequence comparison ( date:011010 ).

      Annotation CG5606 split into CG31057 (tau) and CG31058 in release 3 of the genome annotation. In addition, CG31057 contains sequences corresponding to release 3 annotation CG12881.

      Source for merge of tau BcDNA:RE16764 was a shared cDNA ( date:030728 ).

      Nomenclature History
      Source for database identify of

      Source for identity of: tau CG5606 CG12881

      Nomenclature comments
      Etymology
      Synonyms and Secondary IDs (14)
      Reported As
      Symbol Synonym
      BcDNA:RE16764
      tau
      (Price et al., 2025, Yenkoyan et al., 2025, Bukhari et al., 2024, Zhou and Xu, 2024, O'Farrell et al., 2023, Parisi et al., 2023, Titlow et al., 2023, Bu et al., 2022, Ecovoiu et al., 2022, Hultmark and Andó, 2022, Prifti et al., 2022, Wang et al., 2022, Cattenoz et al., 2021, Ham et al., 2021, Howard et al., 2021, Pang et al., 2021, Raun et al., 2021, Shah et al., 2021, Uçkun et al., 2021, Abtahi et al., 2020, Cho et al., 2020, Jeon et al., 2020, Subaraja et al., 2020, Tue et al., 2020, Wolterhoff et al., 2020, FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2019-, Papanikolopoulou et al., 2019, Shah et al., 2019, Al-Ramahi et al., 2018, Gene Disruption Project members, 2018-, Talmat-Amar et al., 2018, Vandal et al., 2018, Barber et al., 2017, Herzmann et al., 2017, Mao et al., 2017, Tsuda et al., 2017, Zhou et al., 2017, Burnouf et al., 2016, Clandinin and Owens, 2016-, Hannan et al., 2016, Voelzmann et al., 2016, Gene Disruption Project members, 2015-, Sun and Chen, 2015, Ashwal-Fluss et al., 2014, Bolkan and Kretzschmar, 2014, Hoeprich et al., 2014, Vilain et al., 2014, Holth et al., 2013, Huang et al., 2013, Gistelinck et al., 2012, Haberman et al., 2012, Hazelett et al., 2012, Iijima-Ando et al., 2012, Lee et al., 2012, Nguyen et al., 2011, Knowles-Barley et al., 2010, Lin et al., 2010, Mattie et al., 2010, Sofola et al., 2010, Yeh et al., 2010, Yeh et al., 2010, Tian and Deng, 2009, Wheeler et al., 2009, Stone et al., 2008, Sung et al., 2008, Tian and Deng, 2008, Chen et al., 2007, Gregory et al., 2007, Ubhi et al., 2007, Wang et al., 2007, Berger et al., 2006, Khurana et al., 2006, Mershin et al., 2004)
      Name Synonyms
      Secondary FlyBase IDs
      • FBgn0051057
      • FBgn0039535
      • FBgn0063056
      • FBgn0051058
      • FBgn0039533
      • FBgn0063637
      • FBgn0085323
      Datasets (0)
      Study focus (0)
      Experimental Role
      Project
      Project Type
      Title
      Study result (0)
      Result
      Result Type
      Title
      External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 92 )
      Sequence Crossreferences
      NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
      GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
      GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
      UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
      UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
      Other crossreferences
      AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
      BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
      DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
      EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
      FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
      KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
      MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
      Linkouts
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
      Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank - Monoclonal antibodies for use in research
      Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
      FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
      FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
      Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
      iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
      Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
      MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
      References (221)