FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\ap

embryonic/larval muscle system

embryonic/larval anus

(Cohen et al., 1992)

(Cohen et al., 1992)

chordotonal organ

(Cohen et al., 1992)

stomodeum

(Cohen et al., 1992)

metathoracic tarsal segment 4

haltere disc

(Cohen et al., 1992)

(Cohen et al., 1992)

metathoracic tarsal segment 4 | presumptive

(Cohen et al., 1992)

prothoracic tarsal segment 4

(Cohen et al., 1992)

prothoracic tarsal segment 4 | presumptive

(Cohen et al., 1992)

embryonic/larval brain

(Cohen et al., 1992)

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 9 -- 10

dorsal ectoderm

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 11 -- 12

central brain primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

dorsal epidermis primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

hindgut proper primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

hypopharynx proper primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

rectum primordium

Comment: reported as rectum specific anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)

somatic muscle primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

ventral epidermis primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

ventral nerve cord primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 11 -- 14

mesoderm | restricted

Comment: reference states 6-11 hr AEL

(Bourgouin et al., 1992)

mesothoracic tarsal segment 4

eye-antennal disc

(Cohen et al., 1992)

(Cohen et al., 1992)

mesothoracic tarsal segment 4 | presumptive

(Cohen et al., 1992)

ventral thoracic disc

(Cohen et al., 1992)

(Lundgren et al., 1995, Cohen et al., 1992)

presumptive arista

(Roignant et al., 2010)

Additional Descriptive Data

ap transcripts are expressed in a subset of cells within the embryonic brain and ventral nerve cord, in a subset of embryonic muscles, and in wing discs. Within the ventral nerve cord, expression is restricted to 3 cells per hemisegment (one dorsal and two ventral) and an additional cluster of 4 lateral cells in each thoracic hemisegment.

(Lundgren et al., 1995)

ap transcripts are first detected on northern blots in 3-6hr embryos, peak in 9-12hr embryos and are expressed at lower levels in late embryonic and larval stages. ap transcripts are first detected by in situ hybridization in a segmentally repeated group of 16-18 cells. By 8hr, ap is expressed in several discrete clusters as a result of cell migration. The cells appear to be predominantly mesodermal and are occur in positions where ventral and mediolateral muscle precursors arise. Some of the cells are more closely associated with the ectoderm. In the CNS, ap is expressed in 5 postmitotic neurons per hemisegment in A1-A7 and an extra 4 neurons in the thoracic segments. 7 of the 9 ap-expressing neurons are found in positions where motoneurons that exit the CNS through the segmental nerve are found. ap is also expressed in the brain.

(Bourgouin et al., 1992)

ap transcripts are expressed in a complex and dynamic pattern during embryogenesis. During germband extension, expression is observed in the mandibular lobe and in the anus. Later, ap expression is observed in PNS cells that are thought to be accessory cells associated with a subset of both chordotonal and external sensory organs. ap expression is also observed in other thoracic cells that may be larval muscle precursors. Finally, a restricted set of cells (1-4 per hemisegment) in the CNS express ap. ap expression is later observed in larval and pupal imaginal discs. Transcripts are expressed throughout the parts of the of the wing and haltere discs that give rise to the dorsal surface of the wing and haltere blades, at lower levels in the regions that form the notum and scutellum, and at the highest level in the wing hinge region. It is also expressed in the presumptive fourth tarsal segment of the ventral thoracic discs, in a central spot in the antennal portion of the eye antennal disc, and in the larval brain.

(Cohen et al., 1992)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

immunolocalization

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

larval ventral nerve cord | segmentally repeated

(Benveniste et al., 1998, Lundgren et al., 1995)

(Lundgren et al., 1995)

first instar larval stage

FMRFamide SE2 neuron | subset

(Benveniste et al., 1998)

neuron | subset of medulla anlage

(Li et al., 2013)

apterous-expressing neuron of the lateral cluster of the thorax Ap4 | subset

(Benveniste et al., 1998)

neuron | subset of larval thoracic segment

(Benveniste et al., 1998)

neuron | subset of larval gnathal ganglion

(Benveniste et al., 1998)

(Benveniste et al., 1998)

presumptive tarsal segment 4

(Natori et al., 2012)

transmedullary neuron Tm5

(Li et al., 2013)

transmedullary Y neuron TmY10

(Li et al., 2013)

transmedullary neuron Tm20

(Li et al., 2013)

Additional Descriptive Data

Within the ventral nerve cord, expression is restricted to 3 cells per hemisegment (one dorsal and two ventral) and an additional cluster of 4 lateral cells in each thoracic hemisegment. Analysis of expression of a ap promoter fragment fused to tau-lacZ (see btau^ap.C.T:lacZ) suggests that the ap-expressing cells are interneurons.

(Lundgren et al., 1995)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in nucleus

inferred from direct assay

(van Meyel et al., 2000, Arber and Caroni, 1996, Lundgren et al., 1995)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

Reporter: P{apC-tau-lacZ}

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

interneuron of larval ventral nerve cord

(Lundgren et al., 1995)

(Lundgren et al., 1995)

somatic muscle cell | subset

(Lundgren et al., 1995)

brain | restricted

(Lundgren et al., 1995)

interneuron | subset

(Thor et al., 1999)

interneuron

(Lundgren et al., 1995)

(Lundgren et al., 1995)

Reporter: P{ap-GAL4.U}

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

somatic muscle primordium | restricted

(Kim et al., 2004)

prepupal stage

tarsal segment 4

(Guarner et al., 2014)

Reporter: P{ap-GFP.ME680}

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 11

somatic mesoderm of embryonic abdominal segment | restricted

(Müller et al., 2010)

somatic mesoderm | restricted

(Müller et al., 2010)

embryonic stage 13 -- 14

(Müller et al., 2010)

embryonic stage 14 -- 17

A1-7 ventral acute muscle cell

(Müller et al., 2010)

embryonic stage 15 -- 17

A1-7 lateral transverse muscle cell

(Müller et al., 2010)

mesothoracic lateral transverse muscle cell

(Müller et al., 2010)

metathoracic lateral transverse muscle cell

(Müller et al., 2010)

Reporter: P{GAL4}md52

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

(Peterson et al., 2004, LaJeunesse et al., 2001, LaJeunesse et al., 1998)

Reporter: P{GawB}ap^md544

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

pupal stage

(Morante et al., 2011)

cell body rind of adult medulla

(Morante et al., 2011)

medial longitudinal fascicle

(Fradkin et al., 2004)

apterous-expressing neuron of the lateral cluster of the thorax

(Benveniste et al., 1998)

embryonic stage 10 -- 17

organism | restricted

(Marquez et al., 2001)

embryonic stage 13 -- 15

(Losada-Pérez et al., 2013)

ventral thoracic disc | restricted

haltere disc

(Moreno and Morata, 1999)

(Azpiazu and Morata, 2002)

apterous-expressing neuron of the lateral cluster of the thorax Ap4

(Moreno and Morata, 1999)

(Baumgardt et al., 2007)

Tvb neuron

(Baumgardt et al., 2007)

first instar larval stage

neuron | subset of larval thoracic segment

(Benveniste et al., 1998)

neuron | subset of larval gnathal ganglion

(Benveniste et al., 1998)

apterous-expressing neuron of the lateral cluster of the thorax Ap4 | subset

(Benveniste et al., 1998)

larval lateral horn Leucokinin neuron

(Paul et al., 2013)

(Herrero et al., 2014)

larval outer optic anlage

(Herrero et al., 2014)

second instar larval stage -- third instar larval stage

mesothoracic tergum primordium

(Pallavi and Shashidhara, 2003)

wing pouch | dorsal

(Pallavi and Shashidhara, 2003)

(Pallavi and Shashidhara, 2003)

wing disc | restricted

(Milan et al., 1997)

(Usha and Shashidhara, 2010, Lee et al., 2006)

wandering third instar larval stage

(Morante et al., 2011)

(Apidianakis et al., 1999)

prepupal stage

tarsal segment 4

(Capilla et al., 2012)

tarsal segment 5 | proximal

(Capilla et al., 2012)

lamina monopolar neuron L4

(Takemura et al., 2011, Morante and Desplan, 2008)

adult optic lobe | restricted

(Morante and Desplan, 2008)

medullary intrinsic neuron Mi1

(Morante and Desplan, 2008)

distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm3

(Morante and Desplan, 2008)

transmedullary neuron Tm1

(Morante and Desplan, 2008)

transmedullary neuron Tm2

(Morante and Desplan, 2008)

transmedullary neuron Tm9

(Morante and Desplan, 2008)

transmedullary neuron Tm3a

(Morante and Desplan, 2008)

transmedullary neuron Tm4

(Morante and Desplan, 2008)

transmedullary neuron Tm5

(Morante and Desplan, 2008)

transmedullary neuron Tm3-6

(Morante and Desplan, 2008)

transmedullary neuron Tm16

(Morante and Desplan, 2008)

transmedullary neuron Tm28

(Morante and Desplan, 2008)

transmedullary neuron Tm7

(Morante and Desplan, 2008)

transmedullary neuron Tm12

(Morante and Desplan, 2008)

transmedullary neuron Tm24

(Morante and Desplan, 2008)

transmedullary Y neuron TmY4

(Morante and Desplan, 2008)

transmedullary Y neuron TmY9

(Morante and Desplan, 2008)

transmedullary Y neuron TmY2

(Morante and Desplan, 2008)

transmedullary Y neuron TmY11

(Morante and Desplan, 2008)

transmedullary Y neuron TmY8

(Morante and Desplan, 2008)

transmedullary Y neuron TmY1

(Morante and Desplan, 2008)

transmedullary neuron Tm5Y

(Morante and Desplan, 2008)

T neuron T3

(Morante and Desplan, 2008)

Y neuron Y1

(Morante and Desplan, 2008)

Y neuron Y3

(Morante and Desplan, 2008)

adult antennal olfactory receptor neuron | subset

(Li et al., 2016)

Reporter: P{lacZ}ap^UG62

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

pupal stage P5 -- pharate adult stage P15

wing disc | dorsal

(Couso et al., 1995)

Reporter: P{ME15-lacZ}

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic precursor cell of adult muscle | subset

Comment: reference states >= 14 hr APF

(Ghazi et al., 2000)

direct flight muscle cell | precursor

Comment: reference states >=14 hr APF

(Ghazi et al., 2000)

pupal stage P7 -- adult stage

direct flight muscle cell

Comment: expressions starts 36 hr APF

(Ghazi et al., 2000)

Reporter: P{PZ}ap^41F

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

muscle cell of abdominal 2 lateral transverse muscle 4 -- muscle cell of abdominal 7 lateral transverse muscle 4

(Bourgouin et al., 1992)

dorsal abdominal cluster | vicinity of

(Bourgouin et al., 1992)

muscle cell of abdominal 1 lateral transverse muscle 4

(Bourgouin et al., 1992)

muscle cell of abdominal 1 lateral transverse muscle 3

(Bourgouin et al., 1992)

muscle cell of abdominal 1 lateral transverse muscle 2

(Bourgouin et al., 1992)

muscle cell of abdominal 2 lateral transverse muscle 1 -- muscle cell of abdominal 7 lateral transverse muscle 1

(Bourgouin et al., 1992)

muscle cell of abdominal 2 lateral transverse muscle 3 -- muscle cell of abdominal 7 lateral transverse muscle 3

(Bourgouin et al., 1992)

muscle cell of abdominal 2 lateral transverse muscle 2 -- muscle cell of abdominal 7 lateral transverse muscle 2

(Bourgouin et al., 1992)

muscle cell of abdominal 1 lateral transverse muscle 1

(Bourgouin et al., 1992)

muscle cell of abdominal 2 ventral acute muscle 3 -- muscle cell of abdominal 7 ventral acute muscle 3

(Bourgouin et al., 1992)

muscle cell of abdominal 2 ventral acute muscle 2 -- muscle cell of abdominal 7 ventral acute muscle 2

(Bourgouin et al., 1992)

lateral abdominal cluster | vicinity of

(Bourgouin et al., 1992)

muscle cell of abdominal 1 ventral acute muscle 3

(Bourgouin et al., 1992)

muscle cell of abdominal 1 ventral acute muscle 2

(Bourgouin et al., 1992)

Reporter: P{PZ}ap^rK568

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

prothoracic tarsal segment 4

(Cohen et al., 1992)

haltere disc

(Cohen et al., 1992)

metathoracic tarsal segment 4

(Cohen et al., 1992)

eye-antennal disc

(Cohen et al., 1992)

(Benveniste et al., 1998)

mesothoracic tarsal segment 4

(Cohen et al., 1992)

embryonic/larval brain

(Cohen et al., 1992)

(Cohen et al., 1992)

ventral thoracic disc

(Cohen et al., 1992)

first instar larval stage

apterous-expressing neuron of the lateral cluster of the thorax Ap4 | subset

(Benveniste et al., 1998)

neuron | subset of larval thoracic segment

(Benveniste et al., 1998)

neuron | subset of larval gnathal ganglion

(Benveniste et al., 1998)

(Benveniste et al., 1998)

wandering third instar larval stage

(Morante et al., 2011)

antennal disc | central

(Li et al., 2016)

male genital disc

(Chatterjee et al., 2011)

female genital disc

(Chatterjee et al., 2011)

prepupal stage P4(ii) -- pharate adult stage P9

lamina | restricted

Comment: 12h APF to 72h APF

(Hasegawa et al., 2013)

pupal stage

(Morante et al., 2011)

lamina monopolar neuron L4

maxillary palpus

(Rincon-Limas et al., 1999)

antenna

(Rincon-Limas et al., 1999)

(Hasegawa et al., 2013)

cell body rind of adult medulla

(Morante et al., 2011)

embryonic stage 16

Tvb neuron

(Baumgardt et al., 2007)

apterous-expressing neuron of the lateral cluster of the thorax Ap4

(Baumgardt et al., 2007)

embryonic thorax | restricted

(Baumgardt et al., 2007)

lamina monopolar neuron L4

adult optic lobe | restricted

(Morante and Desplan, 2008)

medulla | restricted

(Morante and Desplan, 2008)

(Morante and Desplan, 2008)

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\ap in GBrowse 2

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\ap

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\ap

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0267978

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

35509/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0267978

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0000099

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0267978

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG8376

Images

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 141 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 39 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of ap

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of ap

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 49 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 49 )

Gene duplicated in

Dp(2;3)P32

Gene not disrupted in

Df(2L)C'

(Cicchetti and Loverre, 1988)

Df(2L)C

(Cicchetti and Loverre, 1988, Hilliker and Holm, 1975)

Df(2L)D'

(Cicchetti and Loverre, 1988, Hilliker and Holm, 1975)

Df(2L)D

(Cicchetti and Loverre, 1988, Hilliker and Holm, 1975)

Df(2L)F

(Hilliker and Holm, 1975)

Df(2L)TW65

(Cicchetti and Loverre, 1988)

Df(2L)TW161

(Cicchetti and Loverre, 1988)

Df(2R)B

(Ganetzky, 1977, Hilliker and Holm, 1975)

Df(2R)M41A8

(Gambetta and Müller, 2009.8.18, Koryakov and Zhimulev, 1996, Cicchetti and Loverre, 1988, Sharp et al., 1985, Hilliker and Holm, 1975)

Df(2R)M41A10

(Gambetta and Müller, 2009.8.18, Koryakov and Zhimulev, 1996, Eberl et al., 1993, Cicchetti and Loverre, 1988, Ganetzky, 1977, Hilliker and Holm, 1975)

Df(2R)nap9

(Cohen et al., 1992)

Df(2R)NC32

(Gambetta and Müller, 2009.8.18)

Df(2R)Np

(Bridges et al., 1936)

Df(2R)PR50

(Eberl et al., 1993)

Df(2R)PRB

(Eberl et al., 1993)

Df(2R)PRF

(Eberl et al., 1993)

(Ganetzky, 1977)

(Ganetzky, 1977)

(Ganetzky, 1977)

(Ganetzky, 1977)

(Ganetzky, 1977)

(Ganetzky, 1977)

(Ganetzky, 1977)

(Ganetzky, 1977)

(Ganetzky, 1977)

(Cicchetti and Loverre, 1988, Hilliker and Holm, 1975)

(Ganetzky, 1977)

(Ganetzky, 1977)

(Ganetzky, 1977)

(Ganetzky, 1977)

(Hilliker and Holm, 1975)

T(Y;2)J-D

Tp(2;Y)C

Gene disrupted in

Df(2R)ap^12.1

(Bieli et al., 2015)

Df(2R)ap^12.1-Mcp

(Bieli et al., 2015)

Df(2R)ap^DG16

(Bieli et al., 2015)

Df(2R)BSC630

(Christensen et al., 2008.9.29)

Df(2R)BSC697

(Christensen et al., 2008.12.28)

Df(2R)M41A4B

(Ringo et al., 1992, Ringo et al., 1991)

Df(2R)M41A4

(Koryakov and Zhimulev, 1996, Eberl et al., 1993, Dimitri, 1991, Cicchetti and Loverre, 1988, Sharp et al., 1985, Ganetzky, 1977, Hilliker and Holm, 1975)

Df(2R)nap1

(Bieli et al., 2015, Gambetta and Müller, 2009.8.18, Coelho et al., 2005, Pueyo et al., 2000)

Df(2R)nap2

(Shtorch et al., 1995, Ringo et al., 1991)

Df(2R)nap3

(Ringo et al., 1991)

Df(2R)nap8

(Gambetta and Müller, 2009.8.18)

Df(2R)nap11

(Gambetta and Müller, 2009.8.18)

Df(2R)nap12

(Shtorch et al., 1995, Cohen et al., 1992)

In(2R)bw^VDe2LCy^R

(Shtorch et al., 1995, Bourgouin et al., 1992, Ringo et al., 1991, Cicchetti and Loverre, 1988)

Gene partially disrupted in

T(2;3)ap^Xa

(Bieli et al., 2015)

Inferred from location ( 0 )

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

lethal

ap⁴

lethal (with ap^md544)

lethal (with ap^rK568)

ap^md544

lethal (with ap^UGO35)

ap^md544

lethal (with Df(2R)M41A4B)

ap⁴

lethal | male limited, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

lethal | male limited | cold sensitive, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

ap^{UAS.ORF.GW.Tag:HA}

lethal | recessive

lethal - all die before end of pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

ap^GD4675

partially lethal

partially lethal | female | heat sensitive

ap^56f

partially lethal - majority die (with Df(2R)nap1)

ap^2a1

partially lethal - majority die | recessive

ap⁵

partially lethal - majority live | recessive

ap^blt2

viable

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

ap^GD4675

Sterility

Allele

female fertile

female sterile

ap⁴

female sterile | recessive

fertile

male fertile

male sterile | recessive

semi-fertile | female

ap^56f

sterile (with ap^md544)

ap^UGO35

sterile (with ap^UGO35)

ap^md544

sterile | recessive

ap^md544

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal courtship behavior | female

ap^56f

abnormal courtship behavior | female | recessive

abnormal courtship behavior | male | recessive

abnormal heat stress response | female

ap^56f

abnormal mating | female

ap⁴

abnormal mating | male | recessive

abnormal neuroanatomy

ap^P44

abnormal neuroanatomy (with ap^md544)

ap^P44

abnormal neuroanatomy (with ap^P44)

ap^md544

abnormal neuroanatomy | late embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4^wg-MD758

ap^UAS.Tag:FLAG

abnormal size | heat sensitive

ap^blt

abnormal size | third instar larval stage (with ap^DG3)

ap^Xa

abnormal size | third instar larval stage (with ap^Xa)

ap^DG3

abnormal stress response | female

ap^56f

flightless | recessive

ap^41F

increased cell death | dominant | third instar larval stage

ap^md544

increased cell number | embryonic stage 16

ap^UGO35

long lived

short lived

short lived (with ap^md544)

ap^UGO35

short lived (with ap^UGO35)

ap^md544

some die during immature adult stage | recessive

ap⁴

some die during pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

ap^GD4675

uncoordinated

ap⁴

uncoordinated | recessive

ap^md544

visible

visible, with Scer\GAL4^32B

ap^UAS.cRa

visible, with Scer\GAL4^71B

ap^UAS.cRa

visible, with Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PI

ap^EY03046

visible, with Scer\GAL4^ap-md544, ap^md544

ap^ΔHD.UAS

visible, with Scer\GAL4^ap-md544, ap^md544/ap^P44

ap^ΔHD.UAS

visible, with Scer\GAL4^ap-md544, ap^md544/ap^ts78j

ap^ΔHD.UAS

visible, with Scer\GAL4^ap-md544, ap^ΔHD.UAS

ap^md544

visible, with Scer\GAL4^Dad.4

ap^EY03046

visible, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

visible, with Scer\GAL4^ptc-559.1

visible, with Scer\GAL4^salm.E

ap^EY03046

visible (with ap⁴)

ap^{P1\loxP.MCP-PRE.MM}

visible (with ap^11.1)

ap^DG3

visible (with ap^34.1)

ap^DG3

visible (with ap⁵⁴)

ap^78j

visible (with ap^56f)

ap^{P1\loxP.MCP-PRE.MM}

visible (with ap^78j)

ap⁵⁴

visible (with ap^attPΔEnh)

ap^DG3

visible (with ap^c1.2b)

ap^DG3

visible (with ap^c1.60c)

ap^DG3

visible (with ap^c1.78a)

ap^DG3

visible (with ap^c2.58c)

ap^DG3

visible (with ap^C2)

visible (with ap^C5)

ap^DG3

visible (with ap^C52)

ap^DG3

visible (with ap^C1234)

visible (with ap^C1345)

visible (with ap^cDNA)

ap^DG3

visible (with ap^Dad52.4)

ap^DG3

visible (with ap^DG2)

ap^DG3

visible (with ap^DG6)

ap^DG3

visible (with ap^DG8)

ap^DG3

visible (with ap^DG11)

ap^DG3

visible (with ap^DG12)

visible (with ap^DG14)

visible (with ap^DG)

ap^DG3

visible (with ap^empty)

ap^DG3

visible (with ap^f00451)

ap^DG3

visible (with ap^f08090)

ap^{P1\loxP.MCP-PRE.MM}

visible (with ap^md544)

visible (with ap^md544), with Scer\GAL4^ap-md544, ap^ΔHD.UAS

visible (with ap^OR463C5B)

ap^DG3

visible (with ap^{P1\loxP.MCP-PRE.MM})

visible (with ap^P44)

ap^md544

visible (with ap^P44), with Scer\GAL4^ap-md544, ap^ΔHD.UAS

ap^md544

visible (with ap^P)

ap^DG3

visible (with ap^R)

ap^DG3

visible (with ap^rK568)

visible (with ap^RXa)

ap^DG3

visible (with ap^RXaDad52.4)

ap^DG3

visible (with ap^t11b)

ap^DG3

visible (with ap^ts78j)

ap^md544

visible (with ap^ts78j), with Scer\GAL4^ap-md544, ap^ΔHD.UAS

ap^md544

visible (with ap^UGO35)

visible (with ap^Xa)

ap^DG3

visible (with ap^Y)

ap^DG3

visible (with Df(2R)ap^12.1)

ap^DG3

visible (with Df(2R)ap^DG15)

ap^DG3

visible (with Df(2R)ap^DG16)

ap^DG3

visible (with Df(2R)BSC696)

ap^DG3

visible (with Df(2R)DG)

visible (with Df(2R)DG-Mcp)

visible (with Df(2R)nap1)

visible | dominant

visible | dominant | heat sensitive

visible | female limited, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

visible | female limited | cold sensitive, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

ap^{UAS.ORF.GW.Tag:HA}

visible | heat sensitive

visible | recessive

visible | recessive | heat sensitive

wild-type

ap^rv-UGO5

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

A1-7 lateral transverse muscle cell

ap^UGO35

A1-7 lateral transverse muscle cell, with Scer\GAL4^how-24B

ap^UAS.cOa

A1-7 segment border muscle cell, with Scer\GAL4^how-24B

ap^UAS.cOa

adult corpus allatum

adult external thorax (with Df(2R)BSC696)

ap^DG3

adult fat body

ap^49j

adult thoracic sensillum (with Df(2R)BSC696)

ap^DG3

alula (with ap^DG3)

alula (with ap^R)

ap^DG3

alula (with ap^RXa)

ap^DG3

alula (with ap^Y)

ap^DG3

anterior postalar bristle

anterior supraalar bristle

apterous-expressing neuron of the lateral cluster of the thorax

ap^P44

apterous-expressing neuron of the lateral cluster of the thorax Ap4

ap^P44

axon (with ap^md544)

ap^P44

axon (with ap^P44)

ap^md544

corpus allatum

costal cell

ap^e

coxal tergal remotor muscle cell

direct flight muscle cell

direct flight muscle cell, with Scer\GAL4¹¹⁵¹, ap⁴

ap^UAS.cOa

direct flight muscle cell, with Scer\GAL4¹¹⁵¹, ap^UAS.cOa

ap⁴

direct flight muscle cell, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237, ap⁴

ap^UAS.cOa

direct flight muscle cell, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237, ap^UAS.cOa

ap⁴

dorsal medial indirect flight muscle cell

dorsal medial indirect flight muscle cell, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237, ap⁴

ap^UAS.cOa

dorsal medial indirect flight muscle cell, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237, ap^UAS.cOa

ap⁴

dorsal row of triple row of wing sensilla

dorsal-ventral compartment boundary of the wing blade

ap^rK568

dorsal-ventral compartment boundary of the wing disc (with ap^md544)

dorsal-ventral compartment boundary of the wing disc (with ap^rK568)

ap^md544

dorsal-ventral compartment boundary of the wing disc (with ap^UGO35)

ap^md544

dorsocentral bristle

dorsocentral bristle, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

ap^UAS.cMa

dorsocentral bristle | heat sensitive

ap^78j

egg chamber

ap⁴

embryonic/larval fat body

embryonic/larval fat body | adult stage

ap⁴

embryonic/larval neuron (with ap^md544)

ap^P44

embryonic/larval neuron (with ap^P44)

ap^md544

embryonic/larval somatic muscle cell

ap^P44

embryonic deutocerebrum (with ap^md544)

ap^P44

embryonic deutocerebrum (with ap^P44)

ap^md544

embryonic protocerebrum (with ap^md544)

ap^P44

embryonic protocerebrum (with ap^P44)

ap^md544

haltere

haltere (with ap^c1.2b)

ap^DG3

haltere (with ap^DG3)

haltere (with ap^DG11)

ap^DG3

haltere (with ap^DG)

ap^DG3

haltere (with ap^md544)

ap^UGO35

haltere (with ap^P)

ap^DG3

haltere (with ap^UGO35)

ap^md544

haltere (with Df(2R)BSC696)

ap^DG3

haltere | heat sensitive

ap^78j

hemolymph

ap⁴

indirect flight muscle cell

indirect flight muscle cell, with Scer\GAL4¹¹⁵¹

ap^UAS.cOa

indirect flight muscle cell, with Scer\GAL4¹¹⁵¹, ap⁴

ap^UAS.cOa

indirect flight muscle cell, with Scer\GAL4¹¹⁵¹, ap^UAS.cOa

ap⁴

interneuron | embryonic stage (with ap^md544)

ap^P44

interneuron | embryonic stage (with ap^P44)

ap^md544

larval longitudinal connective

ap^P44

larval longitudinal connective (with ap^md544)

ap^P44

larval longitudinal connective (with ap^P44)

ap^md544

lateral oblique dorsal muscle cell

lateral transverse muscle cell | decreased number | embryonic stage 16

ap^UGO35

lateral transverse muscle cell | embryonic stage 16

ap^UGO35

lateral transverse muscle cell | embryonic stage 16 | increased number

ap^UGO35

macrochaeta & thorax | dorsal

ap^UGO35

male accessory gland

ap^56f

medial longitudinal fascicle | late embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4^wg-MD758

ap^UAS.Tag:FLAG

medial row of triple row of wing sensilla

mesothoracic leg

mesothoracic suture

ap¹

mesothoracic tergum

ap^Xa

metathoracic leg

microchaeta & thorax

ap¹

muscle cell of abdominal 2 lateral transverse muscle 1

muscle cell of abdominal 2 lateral transverse muscle 2

muscle cell of abdominal 2 lateral transverse muscle 3

muscle cell of abdominal 2 ventral acute muscle 3

ap^P44

muscle cell of abdominal 3 lateral transverse muscle 1

muscle cell of abdominal 3 lateral transverse muscle 2

muscle cell of abdominal 3 lateral transverse muscle 3

muscle cell of abdominal 3 ventral acute muscle 3

ap^P44

muscle cell of abdominal 4 lateral transverse muscle 1

muscle cell of abdominal 4 lateral transverse muscle 2

muscle cell of abdominal 4 lateral transverse muscle 3

muscle cell of abdominal 4 ventral acute muscle 3

ap^P44

muscle cell of abdominal 5 lateral transverse muscle 1

muscle cell of abdominal 5 lateral transverse muscle 2

muscle cell of abdominal 5 lateral transverse muscle 3

muscle cell of abdominal 5 ventral acute muscle 3

ap^P44

muscle cell of abdominal 6 lateral transverse muscle 1

muscle cell of abdominal 6 lateral transverse muscle 2

muscle cell of abdominal 6 lateral transverse muscle 3

muscle cell of abdominal 6 ventral acute muscle 3

ap^P44

muscle cell of abdominal 7 lateral transverse muscle 1

muscle cell of abdominal 7 lateral transverse muscle 2

muscle cell of abdominal 7 lateral transverse muscle 3

muscle cell of abdominal 7 ventral acute muscle 3

ap^P44

muscle cell of basalar muscle 51

muscle cell of muscle of first axillary 53

muscle cell of muscle of third axillary 54

nurse cell

ovary

ovary (with ap^md544)

ap^UGO35

ovary (with ap^UGO35)

ap^md544

peritrophic membrane

postalar bristle

ap⁶

posterior crossvein

ap^blt

posterior notopleural bristle

ap¹

posterior postalar bristle

ap¹

posterior scutellar bristle

ap¹

posterior supraalar bristle

posterior wing margin | heat sensitive

ap^blt

presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system (with ap^md544)

ap^P44

presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system (with ap^P44)

ap^md544

pretarsus (with ap^md544)

ap^UGO35

pretarsus (with ap^UGO35)

ap^md544

pretarsus (with Df(2R)nap1)

scutellar bristle

scutellar bristle | heat sensitive

ap^78j

scutellum (with ap^md544)

ap^UGO35

scutellum (with ap^UGO35)

ap^md544

scutum

ap^Xa

tarsal segment 4 (with ap^md544)

ap^UGO35

tarsal segment 4 (with ap^UGO35)

ap^md544

tarsal segment 4 (with Df(2R)nap1)

tergopleural muscle cell

tergosternal muscle cell

thorax

ap¹

ventral row of triple row of wing sensilla

wing, with Scer\GAL4^32B

wing, with Scer\GAL4^71B

ap^UAS.cRa

wing, with Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PI

ap^EY03046

wing, with Scer\GAL4^ap-md544

ap^HA-B.UAS

wing, with Scer\GAL4^ap-md544, ap^HA-B.UAS, ap^md544

ap^ts78j

wing, with Scer\GAL4^ap-md544, ap^HA-B.UAS, ap^ts78j

ap^md544

wing, with Scer\GAL4^ap-md544, ap^md544

ap^ΔHD.UAS

wing, with Scer\GAL4^ap-md544, ap^md544, ap^ts78j

ap^HA-B.UAS

wing, with Scer\GAL4^ap-md544, ap^md544/ap^P44

wing, with Scer\GAL4^ap-md544, ap^md544/ap^ts78j

wing, with Scer\GAL4^ap-md544, ap^ΔHD.UAS

ap^md544

wing, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

wing, with Scer\GAL4^ptc-559.1

wing (with ap⁴)

wing (with ap^11.1)

ap^DG3

wing (with ap^34.1)

ap^DG3

wing (with ap⁵⁴)

ap^78j

wing (with ap^56f)

wing (with ap^78j)

ap⁵⁴

wing (with ap^attPΔEnh)

ap^DG3

wing (with ap^c1.60c)

ap^DG3

wing (with ap^c1.78a)

ap^DG3

wing (with ap^c2.58c)

ap^DG3

wing (with ap^C2)

wing (with ap^C5)

ap^DG3

wing (with ap^C52)

ap^DG3

wing (with ap^C1234)

wing (with ap^C1345)

wing (with ap^cDNA)

ap^DG3

wing (with ap^DG2)

ap^DG3

wing (with ap^DG3)

wing (with ap^DG6)

ap^DG3

wing (with ap^DG8)

ap^DG3

wing (with ap^DG11)

ap^DG3

wing (with ap^DG12)

wing (with ap^DG14)

wing (with ap^DG)

ap^DG3

wing (with ap^empty)

ap^DG3

wing (with ap^f00451)

ap^DG3

wing (with ap^f08090)

ap^{P1\loxP.MCP-PRE.MM}

wing (with ap^md544)

wing (with ap^md544), with Scer\GAL4^ap-md544, ap^HA-B.UAS

ap^ts78j

wing (with ap^md544), with Scer\GAL4^ap-md544, ap^UAS.cOa

ap^P44

wing (with ap^md544), with Scer\GAL4^ap-md544, ap^ΔHD.UAS

wing (with ap^OR463C5B)

ap^DG3

wing (with ap^{P1\loxP.MCP-PRE.MM})

wing (with ap^P44)

ap^md544

wing (with ap^P44), with Scer\GAL4^ap-md544, ap^UAS.cOa

ap^md544

wing (with ap^P44), with Scer\GAL4^ap-md544, ap^ΔHD.UAS

ap^md544

wing (with ap^P)

ap^DG3

wing (with ap^rK568)

wing (with ap^t11b)

ap^DG3

wing (with ap^ts78j)

ap^md544

wing (with ap^ts78j), with Scer\GAL4^ap-md544, ap^HA-B.UAS

ap^md544

wing (with ap^ts78j), with Scer\GAL4^ap-md544, ap^ΔHD.UAS

ap^md544

wing (with ap^UG-24A)

ap⁴

wing (with ap^UG-2106A)

ap^56f

wing (with ap^UGO35)

wing (with ap^Xa)

ap^DG3

wing (with Df(2R)ap^12.1)

ap^DG3

wing (with Df(2R)ap^DG15)

ap^DG3

wing (with Df(2R)ap^DG16)

ap^DG3

wing (with Df(2R)BSC696)

ap^DG3

wing (with Df(2R)DG)

wing (with Df(2R)DG-Mcp)

wing (with Df(2R)nap1)

wing | distal, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

wing | female limited, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

wing | female limited | cold sensitive, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

ap^{UAS.ORF.GW.Tag:HA}

wing | heat sensitive

wing | heat sensitive (with ap^md544)

ap^ts78j

wing | heat sensitive (with ap^ts78j)

ap^md544

wing blade

wing blade, with Scer\GAL4^Dad.4

ap^EY03046

wing blade, with Scer\GAL4^salm.E

ap^EY03046

wing blade (with ap^Dad52.4)

ap^DG3

wing blade (with ap^DG3)

wing blade (with ap^RXaDad52.4)

ap^DG3

wing blade | heat sensitive

ap^Xa

wing blade posterior compartment

wing blade ventral compartment, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

wing disc | third instar larval stage

wing disc, with Scer\GAL4^ptc-559.1

ap^UAS.cBa

wing disc, with Scer\GAL4^salm-459.2

ap^UAS.cBa

wing disc (with ap^md544)

wing disc (with ap^rK568)

wing disc (with ap^UGO35)

wing disc | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PP

ap^UAS.cMa

ap^md544

wing disc dorsal compartment | somatic clone

ap^UGO35

wing hinge (with ap^DG3)

wing hinge (with ap^R)

ap^DG3

wing hinge (with ap^RXa)

ap^DG3

wing hinge (with ap^Y)

ap^DG3

wing margin

ap^Xa

wing margin, with Scer\GAL4^ptc-559.1

ap^EY03046

wing margin (with ap^56f)

ap^UG-2106A

wing margin (with ap^C2)

ap^DG3

wing margin (with ap^Dad52.4)

ap^DG3

wing margin (with ap^DG3)

wing margin (with ap^md544)

wing margin (with ap^R)

ap^DG3

wing margin (with ap^rK568)

ap^md544

wing margin (with ap^RXa)

ap^DG3

wing margin (with ap^RXaDad52.4)

ap^DG3

wing margin (with ap^ts78j)

ap^md544

wing margin (with ap^UG-2106A)

ap^56f

wing margin (with ap^UGO35)

ap^md544

wing margin (with ap^Y)

ap^DG3

wing margin | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

wing margin | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4^ptc-559.1

ap^UAS.cBa

wing margin bristle (with ap⁵⁴)

ap^78j

wing margin bristle (with ap^78j)

ap⁵⁴

wing margin bristle (with ap^DG3)

ap^Xa

wing margin bristle (with ap^md544)

ap^UGO35

wing margin bristle (with ap^UGO35)

ap^md544

wing margin bristle (with ap^Xa)

ap^DG3

wing margin bristle | increased number, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

ap^EY03046

wing pouch

ap^56f

wing pouch | third instar larval stage (with ap^DG3)

ap^Xa

wing pouch | third instar larval stage (with ap^Xa)

ap^DG3

wing vein

wing vein, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)

Homo sapiens (Human) (4)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Hsap\LHX2

13 of 15

Yes

Hsap\LHX9

9 of 15

Yes

Hsap\HESX1

1 of 15

Yes

Hsap\LHX1

1 of 15

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (3)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Mmus\Lhx2

12 of 15

Yes

Mmus\Lhx9

9 of 15

Yes

Mmus\Lhx1

1 of 15

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (3)

Rnor\Lhx2

7 of 13

Yes

Rnor\Lhx9

6 of 13

Yes

Rnor\Lhx1

1 of 13

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (4)

Xtro\lhx2

9 of 12

Yes

Xtro\lhx9

8 of 12

Yes

Xtro\lhx1

1 of 12

Xtro\lmx1b.2

1 of 12

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (3)

Drer\lhx2b

11 of 15

Yes

Drer\lhx9

9 of 15

Yes

Drer\lhx2a

7 of 15

Yes

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (2)

Cele\ttx-3

10 of 15

Yes

Cele\lim-7

1 of 15

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (3)

Atha\HB21

2 of 9

Yes

Atha\HB40

2 of 9

Yes

Atha\HB53

1 of 9

Yes

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)

No records found.

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)

Spom\yox1

1 of 12

Yes

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v8.0)

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (6)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Awh

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Model Summary Ribbon

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

13 of 15

9 of 15

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Dmel gene

Ortholog showing functional complementation

Supporting References

Hsap\LHX2

(Rincon-Limas et al., 1999)

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

Interactions Browser

View in Interactions Browser

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

ap - Abd-B

bimolecular fluorescence complementation, fluorescence microscopy

(Baëza et al., 2015)

ap - B

pull down, western blot

(Pueyo and Couso, 2004)

ap - Chi

two hybrid, pull down, autoradiography

(Torigoi et al., 2000, Morcillo et al., 1997)

ap - Scr

bimolecular fluorescence complementation, fluorescence microscopy

(Baëza et al., 2015)

ap - Ubx

bimolecular fluorescence complementation, fluorescence microscopy

(Bischof et al., 2018, Baëza et al., 2015)

ap - abd-A

bimolecular fluorescence complementation, fluorescence microscopy

(Bischof et al., 2018, Baëza et al., 2015)

ap - dimm

pull down, autoradiography

(Allan et al., 2005)

ap - p53

pull down, autoradiography

(Lunardi et al., 2010)

ap - sqz

pull down, autoradiography

(Allan et al., 2005)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

esyN Network Key:

Suppression

Enhancement

View in Interactions Browser

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

suppressible

14-3-3ε

(Bejarano et al., 2008)

suppressible

AnxB9

(Bejarano et al., 2008)

suppressible

ap::Bx

(Weihe et al., 2001)

Chi|ap

suppressible

ap::Chi

(van Meyel et al., 2000)

suppressible

ap::Chi

(Pueyo and Couso, 2004, Milan and Cohen, 1999, van Meyel et al., 1999)

suppressible

ap::Lim3

(Pueyo and Couso, 2004, O'Keefe et al., 1998)

enhanceable

apb

(Meyer et al., 1950)

suppressible

cbt

(Bejarano et al., 2008)

suppressible

CG1943

(Bejarano et al., 2008)

suppressible

CG8369

(Bejarano et al., 2008)

suppressible

CG8405

(Bejarano et al., 2008)

enhanceable

CG11893

(Bronstein et al., 2010)

enhanceable

Chi

(Fernandez-Funez et al., 1998)

suppressible

chm

(Bejarano et al., 2008)

suppressible

cic

(Bejarano et al., 2008)

suppressible

CtsF

(Bronstein et al., 2010)

suppressible

Diap1

(Portela et al., 2010)

suppressible

(Klein and Martinez Arias, 1998)

suppressible

(Milan et al., 2001)

suppressible

drpr

(Bejarano et al., 2008)

suppressible

EP2-430

(Bejarano et al., 2008)

suppressible

EP2-760

(Bejarano et al., 2008)

suppressible

EP2-1080

(Bejarano et al., 2008)

suppressible

EP3-378

(Bejarano et al., 2008)

suppressible

EP3-612

(Bejarano et al., 2008)

suppressible

EP3-934

(Bejarano et al., 2008)

suppressible

EP3-980

(Bejarano et al., 2008)

suppressible

EP3-1199

(Bejarano et al., 2008)

suppressible

EP3-1729

(Bejarano et al., 2008)

suppressible

EP3-1789

(Bejarano et al., 2008)

suppressible

EP3-1809

(Bejarano et al., 2008)

enhanceable

eya

(Stratmann et al., 2019)

suppressible

fng

(Bejarano et al., 2008)

suppressible

fng

(Milan and Cohen, 2003, Milan et al., 2001, Milan et al., 2001, O'Keefe and Thomas, 2001, Milan and Cohen, 1999, Klein and Martinez Arias, 1998)

suppressible

fng|mew

(O'Keefe and Thomas, 2001)

suppressible

fz3|wg

(Sato et al., 1999)

suppressible

(Klein et al., 2000)

suppressible

Kat60

(Bronstein et al., 2010)

suppressible

lilli

(Bejarano et al., 2008)

suppressible

Lim3

(O'Keefe et al., 1998)

suppressible

lncRNA:Hsrω

(Mallik and Lakhotia, 2011)

suppressible

(Bronstein et al., 2010)

suppressible

mir-14

(Bejarano et al., 2008)

suppressible

mir-279

(Bejarano et al., 2008)

suppressible

mir-282

(Bejarano et al., 2008)

suppressible

mod(mdg4)

(Gohl et al., 2008)

suppressible

Mpcp2

(Bejarano et al., 2008)

suppressible

(Zecca and Struhl, 2007)

suppressible

nmd

(Bejarano et al., 2008)

suppressible

nuf

(Bejarano et al., 2008)

suppressible

osa

(Bejarano et al., 2008)

suppressible

Pcif1

(Bejarano et al., 2008)

suppressible

pnt

(Bejarano et al., 2008)

suppressible

sbb

(Bejarano et al., 2008)

suppressible

Ser

(Milan and Cohen, 1999, Klein and Martinez Arias, 1998)

suppressible

shn

(Bejarano et al., 2008)

suppressible

skd

(Bejarano et al., 2008)

suppressible

Slh

(Bejarano et al., 2008)

enhanceable

(Ghazi et al., 2000)

enhanceable

Ssdp

(Bronstein et al., 2010)

suppressible

su(Hw)

(Gohl et al., 2008)

suppressible

Su(Tpl)

(Bejarano et al., 2008)