FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\solo

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\solo

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

sisters on the loose

Annotation Symbol

CG46282

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0283440

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

4 publicly available

Gene Summary

sisters on the loose (solo) encodes a chromosome protein involved in the meiotic sister chromatid cohesion pathway. It is required for sister centromere cohesion in both male and female meiosis and for maintenance of synaptonemal complexes and normal levels of homolog crossing-over in female meiosis. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)

All Summaries

Gene Snapshot
Alliance
Auto summary
UniProtKB
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

BG:DS00929.15 , cgt, courgette

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

Sequence location

2L:15,061,656..15,072,133 [+]

Recombination map

2-50

RefSeq locus

NT_033779 REGION:15061656..15072133

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse GBrowse

Help me choose

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

NCBI

UCSC

Ensembl

Function

GO Summary Ribbons

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (7 terms)

Molecular Function (1 term)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables SMC family protein binding

inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:SMC1; FB:FBgn0040283

(Yan and McKee, 2013)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)

Biological Process (4 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in cohesin loading

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Yan and McKee, 2013)

involved_in female meiotic nuclear division

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Yan and McKee, 2013)

involved_in meiotic sister chromatid cohesion, centromeric

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Yan and McKee, 2013, Yan et al., 2010)

involved_in synaptonemal complex organization

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Yan and McKee, 2013)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)

Cellular Component (2 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in chromosome, centromeric region

inferred from direct assay

(Yan and McKee, 2013, Yan et al., 2010)

colocalizes_with synaptonemal complex

inferred from direct assay

(Yan and McKee, 2013)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

Protein Family (UniProt)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Summaries

Gene Snapshot

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

Isoform solo and SMC1 function as partners in mediating sister chromatid and centromere cohesion in meiosis. Not required for sister chromatid arm cohesion or for mitotic chromatid segregation.

(UniProt, B6JUP5)

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\solo for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure New Section

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry B6JUP5)

If you don't see the viewer to the right, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Comments on Gene Model

Genes with CDS overlap: vas and solo share promoter, first exon and N-terminal coding sequences (137 residues).

Gene model reviewed during 6.05

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene

nuclear_gene

(FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2015)

protein_coding_gene

(FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2015)

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

solo-RA

FBtr0445188

NM_001032103

3337

1031

solo-RB

FBtr0445189

NM_001316394

3291

1031

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

RefSeq ID

GenBank

solo-PA

FBpp0401448

112.5

1031

5.66

NP_001027274

AAZ66470

solo-PB

FBpp0401449

112.5

1031

5.66

NP_001303323

ALI30208

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

1031 aa isoforms: solo-PA, solo-PB

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\solo using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

vas_1

Linkouts

Expression Data

Expression Summary Ribbons

Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.

For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.

Transcript Expression

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in chromosome, centromeric region

inferred from direct assay

(Yan and McKee, 2013, Yan et al., 2010)

colocalizes_with synaptonemal complex

inferred from direct assay

(Yan and McKee, 2013)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

Reporter: P{UASp-Venus-solo}

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage | male

spermatogonium

• chromosome, centromeric region

(Yan et al., 2010)

spermatocyte

• chromosome, centromeric region

Comment: early prophase I to metaphase II

(Yan et al., 2010)

adult stage | female

germarium

• chromosome, centromeric region

(Yan et al., 2010)

adult stage | female

germarium | posterior

(Yan and McKee, 2013)

oocyte

• chromosome

(Yan and McKee, 2013)

nurse cell

• chromosome

(Yan and McKee, 2013)

presumptive oocyte

• chromosome

(Yan and McKee, 2013)

presumptive nurse cell

• chromosome

(Yan and McKee, 2013)

Reporter: P{UPS-solo-Venus}

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage | male

spermatogonium

• chromosome, centromeric region

(Yan et al., 2010)

adult stage | female

germarium

• chromosome, centromeric region

(Yan et al., 2010)

adult stage | female

germarium | posterior

(Yan and McKee, 2013)

oogenesis stage S5 & adult stage | female

oocyte

• chromosome, centromeric region

(Yan and McKee, 2013)

nurse cell

• chromosome, centromeric region

(Yan and McKee, 2013)

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\solo in GBrowse 2

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\solo

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\solo

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

26067079/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0283440

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0053678

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0283440

Images

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 15 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 6 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of solo

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of solo

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 1 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 1 )

Gene partially disrupted in

Df(2L)vas^PH165

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Inferred from location ( 0 )

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

solo^GD16098

viable, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

solo^GD16098

viable, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

solo^GD16098

Sterility

Allele

female sterile, with Scer\GAL4^nos.PG

solo^GD16098

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal meiotic cell cycle | female (with Df(2L)A267)

abnormal meiotic cell cycle | female (with solo⁷)

abnormal meiotic cell cycle | female (with solo^Z2-0198)

solo⁷

abnormal meiotic cell cycle | female (with solo^Z2-3534)

solo⁷

abnormal meiotic cell cycle | male (with Df(2L)A267)

abnormal meiotic cell cycle | male (with solo^Z2-0198)

solo^Z2-3534

abnormal meiotic cell cycle | male (with solo^Z2-3534)

solo^Z2-0198

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

lateral element (with Df(2L)A267)

solo^Z2-3534

synaptonemal complex (with Df(2L)A267)

solo^Z2-3534

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)

Homo sapiens (Human) (2)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Hsap\DDX3X

1 of 15

Yes

Hsap\DDX4

1 of 15

Yes

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (4)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Mmus\D1Pas1

1 of 15

Yes

Mmus\Ddx3x

1 of 15

Yes

Mmus\Ddx3y

1 of 15

Yes

Mmus\Ddx4

1 of 15

Yes

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (3)

Rnor\Ddx3x

1 of 13

Yes

Rnor\Ddx3y

1 of 13

Yes

Rnor\Ddx4

1 of 13

Yes

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (1)

Xtro\ddx3x

1 of 12

Yes

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (3)

Drer\ddx3xa

1 of 15

Yes

Drer\ddx3xb

1 of 15

Yes

Drer\ddx4

1 of 15

Yes

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (7)

Cele\glh-1

1 of 15

Yes

Cele\glh-2

1 of 15

Yes

Cele\glh-3

1 of 15

Yes

Cele\laf-1

1 of 15

Yes

Cele\mut-14

1 of 15

Yes

Cele\smut-1

1 of 15

Yes

Cele\ZC317.1

1 of 15

Yes

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)

No records found.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (3)

Scer\DBP1

2 of 15

Yes

Scer\DED1

1 of 15

Scer\MRH4

1 of 15

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)

No records found.

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v8.0)

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

bel

1 of 10

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Model Summary Ribbon

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

Interactions Browser

View in Interactions Browser

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

solo - SMC1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, two hybrid

(Krishnan et al., 2014, Yan and McKee, 2013)

solo - SMC3

two hybrid

(Krishnan et al., 2014)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

External Data

Linkouts

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

solo

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

External Data

Linkouts

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

2-50

Cytogenetic map

35B10-35C1

Sequence location

2L:15,061,656..15,072,133 [+]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

35B10-35C1

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

2-50

(FlyBase, 2016)

2-47.8

(Comeron et al., 2012)

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (4)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

Bloomington

59123

y¹ w^*; Mi{MIC}solo^MI13355 vas^MI13355

81522

w^*; P{ST.lexA::HG}solo^SE102 vas^SE102 vig^SE102/CyO

17408

y¹ w^67c23; P{EPgy2}vig^EY07816 vas^EY07816 solo^EY07816

VDRC

v46464

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD16098}v46464

Genomic Clones (17)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (46)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

MIP03838

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0283440

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents

26067079

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

Commercially Available Antibodies

Other Information

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database identify of

Source for identity of: solo CG46282

(FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2015)

Source for identity of: CG33678 BG:DS00929.15

(FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2005)

Source for database merge of

Additional comments

Annotation CG43081 split into CG46282 (corresponds to solo) and CG46283 (corresponds to vas) in release 6.06 of the genome annotation. Split supported by distinct sequences and functions of vas and solo proteins.

(FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2015)

Annotations CG3506 and CG33678 merged as CG43081 in release 5.31 of the genome annotation.

(FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2010)

Other Comments

solo is required for meiotic cohesion.

(Yan et al., 2010)

New annotation (CG33678) in release 4.2 of the genome annotation.

(FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2005)

Origin and Etymology

Discoverer

Etymology

Identification

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 21 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

26067079

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

B6JUP5

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

B6JUP5

UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

A0A0S0WFC5

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

B6JUP5

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0283440

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

26067079/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0283440

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

vas_1

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0053678

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0283440

GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents

26067079

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

Dmel_CG46282

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

26067079

Linkouts

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

solo

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (14)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

BG:DS00929.15

(Ashburner et al., 1999, Ashburner et al., 1999, Ashburner et al., 1999.10.12)

CG33678

CG43081

(FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2010)

CG46282

(FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2015)

SOLO

(Fellmeth and McKim, 2020, Galander and Marston, 2020, Kurdzo and Dawson, 2015)

Solo

(Láscarez-Lagunas et al., 2020)

cgt

(Roote, 1998.3.6, Silver et al., 1998)

fs(2)ltoRJ36

pf7

(Yan et al., 2005)

solo

(Kockel et al., 2019, Kotov et al., 2019, Hughes et al., 2018, Blattner et al., 2016, Gyuricza et al., 2016, Krishnan et al., 2014, Yan and McKee, 2013, McKee et al., 2012, Tsai et al., 2011, Yan et al., 2010)

Name Synonyms

courgette

(Roote, 1998.3.6, Silver et al., 1998)

female sterile(2)ltoRJ36

no-relish

(Ashburner et al., 1999.10.12)

sisters on the loose

(McKee et al., 2012, Yan et al., 2010)

Secondary FlyBase IDs