FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\LIMK1

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\LIMK1

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

LIM domain kinase 1

Annotation Symbol

CG1848

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0283712

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

15 publicly available

Enzyme Name (EC)

Gene Summary

LIM domain kinase 1 (LIMK1) encodes a protein that belongs to a phylogenetically conserved family of serine/threonine kinases. It is a potent stabilizer of the actin cytoskeleton by inactivating the product of tsr. It stabilizes the synapse structure at the neuromuscular junction and promotes synaptic remodeling and glomerular development in the developing antennal lobe. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)

All Summaries

Gene Snapshot
Alliance
Auto summary
Gene Group
UniProtKB
Red Book
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

LIMK, Dlimk, agn, agnostic, LIM kinase

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

11B2-11B2

Sequence location

X:12,584,385..12,592,193 [-]

Recombination map

1-39

RefSeq locus

NC_004354 REGION:12584385..12592193

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (14 terms)

Molecular Function (3 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity

inferred from direct assay

(Ohashi et al., 2000)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables ATP binding

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000719, InterPro:IPR017441

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

enables protein kinase activity

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000719, InterPro:IPR001245

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001510238

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Biological Process (9 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (9 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in actin cytoskeleton organization

inferred from direct assay

(Ohashi et al., 2000)

involved_in compound eye development

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:mbt; FB:FBgn0025743

(Menzel et al., 2007)

involved_in establishment of imaginal disc-derived wing hair orientation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Blair et al., 2006)

involved_in establishment of planar polarity

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Blair et al., 2006)

involved_in imaginal disc morphogenesis

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Chen et al., 2004)

involved_in oogenesis

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Jackson and Berg, 1999)

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:ct; FB:FBgn0004198

(Jackson and Berg, 1999)

involved_in regulation of axonogenesis

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Ng and Luo, 2004)

involved_in synapse assembly

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Ang et al., 2006)

involved_in synaptic assembly at neuromuscular junction

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Ang et al., 2006)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in actin cytoskeleton organization

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001510238

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Cellular Component (2 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

is_active_in cytoplasm

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001510238

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

located_in cytoplasm

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P53667

(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)

is_active_in nucleus

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001510238

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

NON-RECEPTOR TKL KINASES

Protein Family (UniProt)

Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. TKL Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (Q8IR79)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Catalytic Activity (EC/Rhea)

protein serine/threonine kinase activity

Summaries

Gene Snapshot

Gene Group (FlyBase)

NON-RECEPTOR TKL KINASES -: Non-receptor tyrosine kinase-like (TKL) kinases are a diverse group of intracellular serine-threonine protein kinases with sequence similarity to tyrosine kinases (TK) but lacking TK-specific motifs.

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

Protein kinase which regulates actin filament dynamics. Phosphorylates and inactivates the actin binding/depolymerizing factor tsr/cofilin, thereby stabilizing the actin cytoskeleton. Modulation of actin cytoskeleton dynamics may be essential for imaginal disk morphogenesis and axon guidance.

(UniProt, Q8IR79)

Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)

agn: agnostic

Identified as three temperature sensitive lethal mutations. Adenylate cyclase activity somewhat higher than normal at 22 and readily activated at 29. Phosphodiesterase activity assayed in heat-pretreated homogenates higher than normal. Locomotor activity decreased and learning activity increased at 22, like dnc at 29.

Summary (Interactive Fly)

serine/threonine kinase - functions via cytoskeleton to confer the added synapse-stabilizing activity of the BMP receptor Wishful thinking

Interactive Fly

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\LIMK1 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry Q8IR79)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.50

Annotated transcripts do not represent all supported alternative splices within 5' UTR.

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

LIMK1-RA

FBtr0073659

NM_167326

4964

1235

LIMK1-RC

FBtr0073660

NM_078584

5627

1257

LIMK1-RD

FBtr0073661

NM_167327

4814

1052

LIMK1-RE

FBtr0301830

NM_001169262

4520

1235

LIMK1-RF

FBtr0301831

NM_001169263

4187

1043

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

LIMK1-PA

FBpp0073492

136.7

1235

8.84

FBpp0073493

139.3

1257

8.76

FBpp0073494

117.1

1052

9.88

FBpp0291044

136.7

1235

8.84

FBpp0291045

115.9

1043

9.59

E1JJM8

NP_001162734

ACZ95269

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

1235 aa isoforms: LIMK1-PA, LIMK1-PE

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

Comments

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Interacts with LATS1, and this interaction inhibits phosphorylation of tsr/cofilin.

(UniProt, Q8IR79)

Post Translational Modification

Phosphorylated on serine and/or threonine residues by ROCK1. Phosphorylated by PAK4 resulting in increased LIMK1 ability to phosphorylate cofilin. May be dephosphorylated and inactivated by SSH1 (By similarity).

(UniProt, Q8IR79)

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\LIMK1 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

3.14

Transcript Expression

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 1 -- 3

organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 2 -- 5

organism | ubiquitous | uniform

Comment: decreasing with time

(Ohashi et al., 2000)

embryonic stage 4 -- 6

organism

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 7 -- 8

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 9 -- 10

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 11 -- 12

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 13 -- 16

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

immunolocalization

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage

adult central complex

(Savvateeva-Popova et al., 2004)

visual system

(Savvateeva-Popova et al., 2004)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

Expression Deduced from Reporters

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\LIMK1 in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\LIMK1

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\LIMK1

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0041203

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

32207/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0283712

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0041203

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0283712

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG1848

Images

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 12 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 17 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of LIMK1

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of LIMK1

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 11 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 11 )

Gene disrupted in

Df(1)112

(Savvateeva-Popova et al., 2004)

Df(1)HF368

(Savvateeva-Popova et al., 2004)

Df(1)JA26

(Savvateeva-Popova et al., 2004)

Df(1)LIMK1-3

(Ang et al., 2006)

Df(1)LIMK1-5

(Ang et al., 2006)

Df(1)N105

(Savvateeva-Popova et al., 2004)

Df(1)v65b

(Savvateeva et al., 1985)

Gene not disrupted in

Df(1)C246

(Savvateeva-Popova et al., 2004)

Df(1)KA6

(Savvateeva-Popova et al., 2004)

Df(1)KA10

(Savvateeva-Popova et al., 2004, Savvateeva et al., 1985)

Df(1)N12

(Savvateeva-Popova et al., 2004)

Inferred from location ( 41 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

lethal, with Scer\GAL4^ap-md544

LIMK1^UAS.Tag:HA

lethal | heat sensitive

lethal | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4^ap-md544

LIMK1^ΔNgoMIV.UAS

viable

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

LIMK1^GD9586

viable, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

LIMK1^GD9586

viable, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

LIMK1^GD9586

viable, with Scer\GAL4^T80

LIMK1^D522A.UAS

viable, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

LIMK1^GD9586

Sterility

Allele

female semi-sterile, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.mat.αTub67C}

fertile

fertile, with Scer\GAL4^T80

LIMK1^D522A.UAS

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal cell polarity, with Scer\GAL4^ap-md544

LIMK1^ΔNgoMIV.UAS

abnormal courtship behavior

LIMK1^agn-ts3

abnormal learning

abnormal learning | female

LIMK1^agn-X1

abnormal learning | heat sensitive

abnormal locomotor behavior

abnormal mitotic cell cycle

LIMK1^agn-ts3

abnormal neuroanatomy, with Scer\GAL4^ey-OK107

abnormal neuroanatomy, with Scer\GAL4^SG18.1

abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage

abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4^Act.PU

abnormal neuroanatomy | embryonic stage

LIMK1^EY08757

abnormal neuroanatomy | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

abnormal neuroanatomy | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4^ey-OK107

LIMK1^UAS.Tag:HA

abnormal smell perception | female

LIMK1^agn-X1

decreased efficacy of learning | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^ChAT.7.4

LIMK1^UAS.Tag:HA

decreased efficacy of learning | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^Ddc.PL

LIMK1^UAS.Tag:HA

decreased efficacy of learning | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^NP0021

LIMK1^UAS.Tag:HA

decreased efficacy of learning | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^nrv2.PS

LIMK1^UAS.Tag:HA

visible, with Scer\GAL4^en-e16E

LIMK1^UAS.cCa

visible, with Scer\GAL4^hs.PB

LIMK1^D522A.UAS

visible, with Scer\GAL4^T80

LIMK1^D522A.UAS

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

adult mushroom body, with Scer\GAL4^ey-OK107

LIMK1^UAS.Tag:HA

adult mushroom body alpha-lobe, with Scer\GAL4^ey-OK107

adult mushroom body alpha-lobe | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4^ey-OK107

LIMK1^UAS.Tag:HA

adult mushroom body beta-lobe, with Scer\GAL4^ey-OK107

adult mushroom body beta-lobe | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4^ey-OK107

LIMK1^UAS.Tag:HA

adult olfactory receptor neuron Or59c | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4^Act.PU

antennal lobe, with Scer\GAL4^SG18.1

antennal lobe glomerulus | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4^SG18.1

LIMK1^{kd.UAS.Tag:MYC}

antennal lobe glomerulus DM6, with Scer\GAL4^SG18.1

LIMK1^{kd.UAS.Tag:MYC}

antennal lobe glomerulus VA6, with Scer\GAL4^SG18.1

LIMK1^{kd.UAS.Tag:MYC}

dorsal mesothoracic disc & actin filament, with Scer\GAL4^en-e16E

LIMK1^UAS.cCa

egg chamber | heat sensitive

LIMK1^agn-ts3

femur, with Scer\GAL4^T80

LIMK1^D522A.UAS

follicle cell | heat sensitive

LIMK1^agn-ts3

larval intersegmental nerve branch ISNb of A1-7 | embryonic stage

LIMK1^EY08757

larval intersegmental nerve branch ISNb of A1-7 | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

leg, with Scer\GAL4^hs.PB

LIMK1^D522A.UAS

leg, with Scer\GAL4^T80

LIMK1^D522A.UAS

lobe system of adult mushroom body, with Scer\GAL4^ey-OK107

LIMK1^UAS.Tag:HA

medial lobe of adult mushroom body, with Scer\GAL4^ey-OK107

LIMK1^UAS.Tag:HA

nodulus

nurse cell | heat sensitive

LIMK1^agn-ts3

tibia, with Scer\GAL4^T80

LIMK1^D522A.UAS

vertical lobe of adult mushroom body, with Scer\GAL4^ey-OK107

LIMK1^UAS.Tag:HA

wing, with Scer\GAL4^en-e16E

LIMK1^UAS.cCa

wing, with Scer\GAL4^T80

LIMK1^D522A.UAS

wing hair, with Scer\GAL4^ap-md544

LIMK1^ΔNgoMIV.UAS

wing vein, with Scer\GAL4^en-e16E

LIMK1^UAS.cCa

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (91)

Hsap\LIMK1

12 of 14

Yes

Hsap\LIMK2

11 of 14

Yes

2 of 14

2 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

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1 of 14

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1 of 14

1 of 14

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1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

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1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (37)

Rnor\Limk1

11 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Limk2

11 of 14

Yes

2 of 14

2 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (37)

Mmus\Limk1

12 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Limk2

11 of 14

Yes

2 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (57)

Xtro\limk1

8 of 13

Yes

Xtro\cyp2a6.2

6 of 13

Yes

Xtro\limk2

6 of 13

Yes

5 of 13

2 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

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1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Yes

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (67)

Drer\limk1a

11 of 14

Yes

Drer\limk2

11 of 14

Yes

Drer\limk1b

10 of 14

Yes

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

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1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Drer\si:ch211-45c16.2

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (32)

Cele\abl-1

1 of 14

Yes

Cele\alp-1

1 of 14

Yes

Cele\C18H7.4

1 of 14

Yes

Cele\ceh-14

1 of 14

Yes

Cele\daf-2

1 of 14

Yes

Cele\gck-2

1 of 14

Yes

Cele\K09B11.5

1 of 14

Yes

Cele\kin-9

1 of 14

Yes

Cele\kin-21

1 of 14

Yes

Cele\kin-32

1 of 14

Yes

Cele\lim-4

1 of 14

Yes

Cele\lim-6

1 of 14

Yes

Cele\lim-7

1 of 14

Yes

Cele\lim-9

1 of 14

Yes

Cele\lin-11

1 of 14

Yes

Cele\mec-3

1 of 14

Yes

Cele\pak-2

1 of 14

Yes

Cele\pax-3

1 of 14

Yes

Cele\pxl-1

1 of 14

Yes

Cele\R09D1.13

1 of 14

Yes

Cele\scd-2

1 of 14

Yes

Cele\sel-15

1 of 14

Yes

Cele\src-2

1 of 14

Yes

Cele\svh-2

1 of 14

Yes

Cele\T25B9.5

1 of 14

Yes

Cele\ttx-3

1 of 14

Yes

Cele\unc-62

1 of 14

Yes

Cele\unc-97

1 of 14

Yes

Cele\vab-15

1 of 14

Yes

Cele\W04G5.10

1 of 14

Yes

Cele\Y69E1A.3

1 of 14

Yes

Cele\ZK622.1

1 of 14

Yes

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (35)

Agam\AgaP_AGAP011710

7 of 12

Yes

2 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

Yes

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (42)

Atha\ANX1

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\APK1A

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT1G06840

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT1G18160

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT1G61550

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT1G67890

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT1G73660

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT1G76370

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT2G24360

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT2G31010

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT2G42640

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT3G01490

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT3G02810

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT3G06620

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT3G06630

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT3G06640

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT3G10540

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT3G24715

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT3G50730

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT3G58640

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT4G10730

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT4G23050

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT4G24480

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT4G31170

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT5G11850

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT5G50000

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT5G50180

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT5G57610

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT5G58950

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\ATHB13

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\ATN1

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\CERK1

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\CRLK1

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\CTR1

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\EDR1

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\HT1

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\NP3

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\STY8

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\STY17

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\STY46

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\VIK

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\YDA

1 of 13

Yes

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (1)

Scer\PXL1

1 of 13

Yes

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:LIMK1. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (47)

cdi

4 of 13

slpr

2 of 13

Tak1

2 of 13

wnd

2 of 13

Abl

1 of 13

Awh

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Csk

1 of 13

Dll

1 of 13

Egfr

1 of 13

ems

1 of 13

Eph

1 of 13

esn

1 of 13

Fak

1 of 13

FER

1 of 13

htl

1 of 13

Ilk

1 of 13

jub

1 of 13

ksr

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Mos

1 of 13

Pax

1 of 13

Pph13

1 of 13

Raf

1 of 13

Ret

1 of 13

Src42A

1 of 13

Takl1

1 of 13

Takl2

1 of 13

tup

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Zyx

1 of 13

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Williams-Beuren syndrome, LIMK1-related

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

LIMK1^agn-ts3

model of Williams-Beuren syndrome

CEA

(Medvedeva et al., 2021, Nikitina et al., 2014)

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 2 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

LIMK1^EY08757

ameliorates alcohol use disorder

modeled by RhoGAP18B¹

(Ojelade et al., 2015)

LIMK1^GD9586

exacerbates Huntington's disease

modeled by Hsap\HTT^{128Q.1-336.UAS}

(Al-Ramahi et al., 2018)

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

LIMK1; LIM domain kinase 1

12 of 14

601329

LIMK2; LIM domain kinase 2

11 of 14

601988

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

LIMK1 - Tob

enzymatic study, autoradiography, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(White-Grindley et al., 2014)

LIMK1 - mbt

enzymatic study, autoradiography, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Menzel et al., 2007)

LIMK1 - orb2

enzymatic study, autoradiography, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(White-Grindley et al., 2014)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

LIMK1

enhanceable

(Chen et al., 2004)

LIMK1

suppressible

(Chen et al., 2004)

suppressible

(Ng and Luo, 2004)

suppressible

(Chen et al., 2004, Ng and Luo, 2004)

LIMK1

enhanceable

frac

(Miller et al., 2011)

LIMK1|hid

suppressible

Myo31DF

(Farrell et al., 2022)

LIMK1|Dronc

suppressible

Myo31DF

(Farrell et al., 2022)

suppressible

(Abe et al., 2014)

suppressible

(Ng and Luo, 2004)

suppressible

(Ng and Luo, 2004)

suppressible

(Chen et al., 2004)

suppressible

(Ng and Luo, 2004)

enhanceable

(Ng and Luo, 2004)

suppressible

(Ng and Luo, 2004)

enhanceable

(Ng and Luo, 2004)

suppressible

(Chen et al., 2004, Ng and Luo, 2004)

enhanceable

(Ng and Luo, 2004)

suppressible

(Chen et al., 2004, Ng and Luo, 2004)

LIMK1

suppressible

RhoGEF2

(Chen et al., 2004, Ng and Luo, 2004)

enhanceable

(Ng and Luo, 2004)

suppressible

(Chen et al., 2004, Ng and Luo, 2004)

LIMK1

enhanceable

(Chen et al., 2004)

enhanceable

(Ng and Luo, 2004)

suppressible

(Ng and Luo, 2004)

enhanceable

(Ng and Luo, 2004)

enhanceable

(Abe et al., 2014)

suppressible

(Ng and Luo, 2004)

enhanceable

(Ng and Luo, 2004)

suppressible

(Ang et al., 2006, Ng and Luo, 2004)

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

enhanceable

LIMK1

(Chen et al., 2004)

frac

enhanceable

LIMK1

(Miller et al., 2011)

hid

enhanceable

LIMK1

(Farrell et al., 2022)

hid

suppressible

LIMK1

(Farrell et al., 2022)

mbt

enhanceable

LIMK1

(Menzel et al., 2007)

Pax

suppressible

LIMK1

(Chen et al., 2005)

psidin

suppressible

LIMK1

(Stephan et al., 2012)

enhanceable

(Ng and Luo, 2004)

suppressible

(Ojelade et al., 2015)

Rok

enhanceable

LIMK1

(Verdier et al., 2006)

enhanceable

LIMK1

(Chen et al., 2004)

ssh

enhanceable

LIMK1

(Niwa et al., 2002)

trio

enhanceable

LIMK1

(Ng and Luo, 2004)

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Interacts with LATS1, and this interaction inhibits phosphorylation of tsr/cofilin.

(UniProt, Q8IR79 )

Linkouts

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

32207

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

32207

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

FlyBase

External Links

External Data

Linkouts

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

Class of Gene

gene

gene_with_edited_transcript

(Graveley et al., 2011)

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

1-39

Cytogenetic map

11B2-11B2

Sequence location

X:12,584,385..12,592,193 [-]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

11B2-11B2

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}CG11138^EP1313 and P{EP}EP1632&P{EP}EP1449

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

Determined by deficiency mapping (details unspecified).

(Savvateeva et al., 1985)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

1-39

(FlyBase, 2016)

1-39.1

(Comeron et al., 2012)

1-38.9

(Strauss and Heisenberg, 1993, Savvateeva et al., 1985)

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (15)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

Bloomington

59033

w^* LIMK1²

9116

y¹ w^*; P{UAS-LIMK1.HA}M6

9117

y¹ w^*; P{UAS-LIMK1.HA}F4

9118

y¹ w^*; P{UAS-LIMK1.KI}M8

9119

y¹ w^*; P{UAS-LIMK1.KI}F3

26294

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.JF02063}attP2

42576

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.HMJ02235}attP40

17491

y¹ w^67c23 P{EPgy2}LIMK1^EY08757

81991

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TKO.GS04207}attP40

NIG-Fly

HMJ02235

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.HMJ02235}attP40/CyO

VDRC

v25343

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD9586}v25343

v25344

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD9586}v25344

More stocks available...

Genomic Clones (19)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (44)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

FI19304

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0283712

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

monoclonal

(Zhuravlev et al., 2024)

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

Other Comments

LIMK1 is a regulator of tsr function and a downstream effector of Pak.

(Ang et al., 2006)

dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R⁺ cell morphology.

(Kiger et al., 2003)

RNAi experiments show that dsRNA targetted at this gene suppresses the Pten-dsRNA-induced cell shape changes in Kc167 cells.

(Kiger et al., 2003)

dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene is tested in an RNAi screen for effects on actin-based lamella formation.

(Rogers et al., 2003)

agn controls calmodulin properties by encoding a calmodulin-inhibiting protein.

(Sharagina et al., 1997)

Mutation at the agn gene results in increased PDE-1 activity.

(Sharagina et al., 1997)

Known from temperature sensitive lethal mutations that affect phosphodiesterase and adenyl cyclase activity, and have learning defects.

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Source for merge of: CG1848 LIM-kinase

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Source for merge of: LIMK1 agn

(Savvateeva-Popova et al., 2004)

Additional comments

Source for merge of CG1848 LIM-kinase was sequence comparison ( date:001028 ).

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Nomenclature comments

Etymology

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (36)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

CG1848

(Nikitina et al., 2014, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Perkins et al., 2009, Perkins et al., 2009.3.31, Sepp et al., 2008, Savvateeva-Popova et al., 2004, Rogers et al., 2003, Savvateeva-Popova et al., 2003, Morrison et al., 2000)

D-LIMK1

(Mentzel et al., 2003)

D-Limk

(Menzel et al., 2007)

DLIMK

(Goold and Davis, 2007, Blair et al., 2002, Niwa et al., 2002, Ohashi et al., 2000)

DLIMK1

(Graf et al., 2011, Eaton and Davis, 2005, Ohashi, 2000.5.17)

Dlimk

(Umemori et al., 2007, Verdier et al., 2006, Blair et al., 2005, Chen et al., 2005, Chen et al., 2004, Blair et al., 2003)

LIM-kinase 1

(Edwards et al., 2006)

LIMK

(Pribbenow and Owald, 2024, Chou et al., 2020, Park et al., 2017, Sass and Ostrow, 2014, Yashiro et al., 2014, Zhang et al., 2011, Jovceva et al., 2007, Lundquist, 2003)

LIMK-1

(Lopatina et al., 2008)

LimK

(Lei et al., 2023, White-Grindley et al., 2014, Stephan et al., 2012, Simões et al., 2010, Leiss et al., 2009)

LimK1

(Abruzzi et al., 2011, Guenin et al., 2010)

Limk

(Ojelade et al., 2015, Khoo et al., 2013, Menzel et al., 2007, Ang et al., 2006, Blair et al., 2006, Baum, 2002)

Limk1

(Li et al., 2025, Oliveira da Silva et al., 2020)

(Sharagina et al., 1997)

agn

(Medvedeva et al., 2021, Savvateeva-Popova et al., 2017, Nikitina et al., 2014, Savvateeva-Popova et al., 2004, Jackson and Berg, 1999)

dLIMK

(von Blume et al., 2009, Ribaya et al., 2002)

dLIMK1

(Marques, 2005)

l(1)11Af

limK1

(Loedige et al., 2015)

limk

(Vlachos and Harden, 2011, Niwa et al., 2002)

limk1

(Kaminskaya et al., 2015, Rumyantsev et al., 2014, Rumyantsev et al., 2014)

ts398

(Savvateeva et al., 1985)

Name Synonyms

LIM Kinase1

(Eaton and Davis, 2005)

LIM domain kinase 1

LIM domain protein kinase

(Menzel et al., 2007)

LIM kinase

(Chen et al., 2005, Miller, 2002, Patel and Van Vactor, 2002, Settleman, 2001)

LIM kinase 1

(Lee et al., 2021, Savvateeva-Popova et al., 2004)

LIM-DOMAIN KINASE

(Morrison et al., 2000)

LIM-kinase

(Chen et al., 2000)

LIM-kinase 1

(Sass and Ostrow, 2014, Edwards et al., 2006)

LIM-kinase1

(Ohashi, 2000.5.17)

Lim Kinase

(Dilks and DiNardo, 2007)

Lim kinase

(Simões et al., 2010, Rogers et al., 2003, Rogers et al., 2003)

Lim-kinase

(Nikitina et al., 2014, Verdier et al., 2006)

agnostic

(Buchanan et al., 2015, Kaminskaya et al., 2015, Nikitina et al., 2014, Savvateeva-Popova et al., 2004)

im kinase

(Khoo et al., 2013)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

FBgn0041203
FBgn0030402
FBgn0000060

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 65 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

32207

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

Q8IR79

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Q8IR79

UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

Q8IR79

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0041203

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

32207/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0283712

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0283712

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

dme:Dmel_CG1848

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

32207

Linkouts

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0283712

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0041203

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0283712

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG1848

iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)

TC015763

Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution

Interactive Fly

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

32207

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

32207

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

References (152)

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

3.14

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