FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\trol

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\trol

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

terribly reduced optic lobes

Annotation Symbol

CG33950

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0284408

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

37 publicly available

Gene Summary

terribly reduced optic lobes (trol) encodes the extracellular matrix component Perlecan, a secreted heparan sulfate proteoglycan. It regulates cell-signaling by multiple growth factors including those in the hedgehog, wingless/WNT, FGF, TGFbeta, EGF, and VEGF families, thus playing a role in many developmental patterning decisions. [Date last reviewed: 2019-06-27] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)

All Summaries

Gene Snapshot
Alliance
Auto summary
Pathway
Red Book
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

Perlecan, Pcan, zw1, l(1)zw1, EG:BACR25B3.11

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

3A1-3A4

Sequence location

X:2,470,460..2,545,427 [-]

Recombination map

1-1

RefSeq locus

NC_004354 REGION:2470460..2545427

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse GBrowse

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Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

GO Summary Ribbons

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (12 terms)

Molecular Function (0 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)

Biological Process (11 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (9 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in defasciculation of motor neuron axon

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Cho et al., 2012)

involved_in maintenance of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Schneider et al., 2006)

involved_in motor neuron axon guidance

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Cho et al., 2012)

involved_in negative regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:htl; FB:FBgn0010389, FLYBASE:pyr; FB:FBgn0033649, FLYBASE:ths; FB:FBgn0033652

(Dragojlovic-Munther and Martinez-Agosto, 2013)

involved_in positive regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:bnl; FB:FBgn0014135

(Park et al., 2003)

involved_in positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Park et al., 2003)

involved_in positive regulation of semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Sema1a; FB:FBgn0011259

(Cho et al., 2012)

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:PlexA; FB:FBgn0025741

(Cho et al., 2012)

involved_in positive regulation of smoothened signaling pathway

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:hh; FB:FBgn0004644

(Park et al., 2003)

involved_in response to anesthetic

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Campbell et al., 2009)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in animal organ morphogenesis

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002576803

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

involved_in tissue development

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002576803

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

Cellular Component (1 term)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in basement membrane

inferred from direct assay

(Dai et al., 2018, Crest et al., 2017, Takemura and Nakato, 2017, Isabella and Horne-Badovinac, 2016, Denef et al., 2008)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in basement membrane

inferred from sequence or structural similarity

(Hynes and Zhao, 2000)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

Pathway (FlyBase)

Negative Regulators of FGFR Signaling Pathway

Positive Regulators of Hedgehog Signaling Pathway

Positive Regulators of FGFR Signaling Pathway

Protein Family (UniProt)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Summaries

Gene Snapshot

Pathway (FlyBase)

Negative Regulators of FGFR Signaling Pathway -: Negative regulators of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor signaling down-regulate the pathway, suppressing the activation of ERK kinase (rl) or acting on other effectors.
Positive Regulators of Hedgehog Signaling Pathway -: Positive regulators of hedgehog signaling up-regulate the pathway, resulting in the activation of transcription of hh-responsive genes.
Positive Regulators of FGFR Signaling Pathway -: Positive regulators of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor signaling up-regulate the pathway, enhancing the activation of ERK kinase (rl) or acting on other effectors.

Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)

l(1)3Ac

Tight alleles [l(1)3Ac9, l(1)3Ac12, l(1)3Ac23, l(1)3Ac33] are polyphasic, dying during L2, L3, and post puparial stages; cell viable. Semilethal alleles [l(1)3Ac2 and l(1)3Ac6] die as pupae; escapers have rough eyes, shriveled or blistered wings, and crippled metathoracic legs; phenotype of X0 more extreme that that of XY males. XY escapers fertile but females sterile [l(1)3Ac2/l(1)3Ac2 and l(1)3Ac2/l(1)3Ac6] or nearly so [l(1)3Ac6/l(1)3A6]. The latter females sterile in crosses to l(1)3Ac6 males, but produce heterozygous daughters when outcrossed (Shannon, Kaufman, Shen, and Judd, 1975, Genetics 72: 615-38). In line freed of l(1)3Ba4 (Robbins), l(1)3Ac14 survives as epidermal clones and as oogenic clones, which produce lethal zygotes (Garcia-Bellido and Robbins, 1983, Genetics 103: 235-47).

Summary (Interactive Fly)

extracellular matrix component - homolog of perlecan - regulates larval neuroblast division by modulating both FGF and Hedgehog signaling

Interactive Fly

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\trol for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 6.29

Gene model reviewed during 6.06

Gene model reviewed during 5.51

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Annotated transcripts do not represent all possible combinations of alternative exons and/or alternative promoters.

Gene model reviewed during 5.39

Gene model reviewed during 6.03

Gene model reviewed during 6.32

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene

gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

trol-RAF

FBtr0342806

NM_001258564

14181

4434

trol-RAG

FBtr0342807

NM_001031865

10611

3105

trol-RAH

FBtr0342808

NM_001169177

13564

4411

trol-RAI

FBtr0342809

NM_001258567

12022

3897

trol-RAK

FBtr0342810

NM_001258566

12866

4176

trol-RAL

FBtr0342811

NM_001258563

11515

3728

trol-RAM

FBtr0342812

NM_001258568

12232

3967

trol-RAN

FBtr0342813

NM_001031866

12679

4150

trol-RAO

FBtr0342814

NM_001031864

12540

3887

trol-RAP

FBtr0342815

NM_001258569

11749

3806

trol-RAQ

FBtr0342816

NM_001258570

13776

4299

trol-RAR

FBtr0342817

NM_001258571

12781

4150

trol-RAS

FBtr0342818

NM_001297893

12294

3805

trol-RAT

FBtr0342819

NM_001031867

13666

4479

trol-RAU

FBtr0342820

NM_001258562

14232

4451

trol-RAV

FBtr0342821

NM_001297894

12798

3973

trol-RAW

FBtr0342822

NM_001031862

12900

4007

trol-RAX

FBtr0342823

NM_001297895

13213

2853

trol-RAY

FBtr0342824

NM_001258565

12378

3833

trol-RAZ

FBtr0342825

NM_001103399

12846

3989

trol-RBA

FBtr0342826

NM_001297896

13488

4203

trol-RBB

FBtr0475303

NM_001031863

13023

4178

trol-RBC

FBtr0479747

NM_001382068

12178

3972

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

RefSeq ID

GenBank

trol-PAF

FBpp0309642

491.7

4434

4.47

NP_001245493

AFH07207

trol-PAG

FBpp0309643

345.1

3105

4.49

NP_001027036

AAN09080

trol-PAH

FBpp0309644

489.1

4411

4.47

NP_001162648

ACZ95185

trol-PAI

FBpp0309645

431.6

3897

4.63

NP_001245496

AFH07210

trol-PAK

FBpp0309646

461.1

4176

4.57

NP_001245495

AFH07209

trol-PAL

FBpp0309647

412.8

3728

4.54

NP_001245492

AFH07206

trol-PAM

FBpp0309648

439.5

3967

4.52

NP_001245497

AFH07211

trol-PAN

FBpp0309649

460.1

4150

4.52

NP_001027037

AAF45786

trol-PAO

FBpp0309650

430.3

3887

4.53

NP_001027035

AAN09078

trol-PAP

FBpp0309651

421.5

3806

4.53

NP_001245498

AFH07212

trol-PAQ

FBpp0309652

476.6

4299

4.49

NP_001245499

AFH07213

trol-PAR

FBpp0309653

460.0

4150

4.53

NP_001245500

AFH07214

trol-PAS

FBpp0309654

421.0

3805

4.53

NP_001284822

AHN59293

trol-PAT

FBpp0309655

496.9

4479

4.48

NP_001027038

AAF45787

trol-PAU

FBpp0309656

493.8

4451

4.47

NP_001245491

AFH07205

trol-PAV

FBpp0309657

440.4

3973

4.55

NP_001284823

AHN59294

trol-PAW

FBpp0309658

444.2

4007

4.52

NP_001027033

AAN09077

trol-PAX

FBpp0309659

316.8

2853

4.49

NP_001284824

AHN59295

trol-PAY

FBpp0309660

424.6

3833

4.52

NP_001245494

AFH07208

trol-PAZ

FBpp0309661

442.2

3989

4.55

NP_001096869

ABW09330

trol-PBA

FBpp0309662

465.2

4203

4.52

NP_001284825

AHN59296

trol-PBB

FBpp0423412

461.9

4178

4.56

AAN09079

trol-PBC

FBpp0428090

440.2

3972

4.66

QJC18357

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\trol using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Linkouts

Expression Data

Expression Summary Ribbons

Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.

For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.

Transcript Expression

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 4

organism | ubiquitous | uniform

(Friedrich et al., 2000)

embryonic stage 11 -- 12

germline cell

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 13 -- 16

embryonic dorsal epidermis

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic epipharynx

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic foregut sensory structure

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic hypopharynx

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic proventriculus

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic proventriculus inner layer

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic proventriculus intermediate layer

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic/larval circulatory system

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic/larval dorsal vessel

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic/larval lymph gland

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic/larval midgut

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic/larval muscle system

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic/larval somatic muscle

(Fisher et al., 2012)

lateral cord

(Fisher et al., 2012)

lateral cord glial cell

(Fisher et al., 2012)

ventral midline of embryo

(Fisher et al., 2012)

larval ventral nerve cord

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 15

visceral mesoderm

(Friedrich et al., 2000)

fat body primordium

(Friedrich et al., 2000)

midline glial cell

(Voigt et al., 2002)

embryonic stage 15 -- 16

embryonic cardioblast

(Friedrich et al., 2000)

embryonic/larval hindgut

(Friedrich et al., 2000)

embryonic stage 16

embryonic/larval midgut

(Friedrich et al., 2000)

larval stage

eye-antennal disc | restricted

(Friedrich et al., 2000)

morphogenetic furrow

(Friedrich et al., 2000)

ocellus | precursor

(Friedrich et al., 2000)

maxillary palpus | distal | precursor

(Friedrich et al., 2000)

ventral thoracic disc | restricted

Comment: concentric ring pattern

(Friedrich et al., 2000)

third instar larval stage

embryonic/larval brain | restricted

Comment: two clusters of cells at inner side of brain hemispheres.

(Voigt et al., 2002)

oogenesis

germarium region 2b

(Voigt et al., 2002)

oogenesis stage S1 -- S6

nurse cell

(Voigt et al., 2002)

follicle cell

(Voigt et al., 2002)

oogenesis stage S8 -- S9

follicle cell | subset

Comment: dorsal follicle cells overlying the oocyte nucleus

(Voigt et al., 2002)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

immunolocalization

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage

embryonic/larval motor neuron | subset of larval ventral nerve cord

(Cho et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 15

organism | ubiquitous

(Friedrich et al., 2000)

embryonic stage 15 -- 16

embryonic/larval hindgut

• basement membrane

(Friedrich et al., 2000)

embryonic/larval midgut

• basement membrane

(Friedrich et al., 2000)

embryonic/larval central nervous system

• basement membrane

(Friedrich et al., 2000)

embryonic stage 16

embryonic cardioblast | dorsal

• basement membrane

(Friedrich et al., 2000)

embryonic/larval dorsal vessel | dorsal

• basement membrane

(Friedrich et al., 2000)

muscle attachment site of embryonic/larval somatic muscle | dorsal

• basement membrane

(Friedrich et al., 2000)

embryonic/larval neuron | subset of larval ventral nerve cord

(Cho et al., 2012)

embryonic/larval abdominal apodeme | intense

(Cho et al., 2012)

larval intersegmental nerve branch ISNb of A1-7

(Cho et al., 2012)

larval segmental nerve branch SNa of A1-7

(Cho et al., 2012)

A1-7 VO2 motor neuron

(Cho et al., 2012)

A1-7 VL3/4 motor neuron

(Cho et al., 2012)

A1-7 VO1 motor neuron

(Cho et al., 2012)

A1-7 ventral motor neuron

(Cho et al., 2012)

third instar larval stage

embryonic/larval optic stalk

(Murakami et al., 2007)

medullary zone of lymph gland primary lobe

• basement membrane

(Grigorian et al., 2013)

embryonic/larval dorsal vessel

• basement membrane

(Grigorian et al., 2013)

mass spectroscopy

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage

adult head

• membrane

(Aradska et al., 2015)

day 7 of adulthood -- day 49 of adulthood

adult heart

(Cammarato et al., 2011)

western blot

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

cultured cell-line

Comment: reference states Kc[[1]] cells

(Friedrich et al., 2000)

Additional Descriptive Data

trol-protein is expressed in a subset of neurons in the embryonic ventral nerve cord, some of which co-express the motor neuron marker Scer\GAL4^exex-Gal4. Strong staining is observed in abdominal apodemes and at branch points of the intersegmental nerve ISNb and the segmental nerve SNa. A fainter expression is detected in several regions of ventral and lateral hypodermal muscles with an accumulation along motor axon trajectories close to the ISNb pathway.

(Cho et al., 2012)

In stage 16 embryos, particular depositions of trol protein are observed in the basement membrane of cardiac cells, the dorsal vessel, muscle attachment sites of dorsal muscles, the central nervous system, CNS channels, and dorsal median cells of the CNS.

(Friedrich et al., 2000)

Marker for

embryonic/larval optic stalk

(Murakami et al., 2007)

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in basement membrane

inferred from direct assay

(Dai et al., 2018, Crest et al., 2017, Takemura and Nakato, 2017, Isabella and Horne-Badovinac, 2016, Denef et al., 2008)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

Reporter: P{PTT-un}trol^ZCL1973

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage

posterior signalling center of lymph gland primary lobe

(Grigorian et al., 2013)

embryonic stage 14

embryonic cardioblast | surrounding

(Grigorian et al., 2013)

embryonic stage 14 -- 17

cardioblast

• basement membrane

(Grigorian et al., 2013)

embryonic stage 16

pericardial cell | surrounding

(Grigorian et al., 2013)

embryonic/larval lymph gland | surrounding

(Grigorian et al., 2013)

embryonic stage 16 -- 17

pericardial cell

• basement membrane

(Grigorian et al., 2013)

embryonic/larval lymph gland

• basement membrane

(Grigorian et al., 2013)

first instar larval stage

prohemocyte | surrounding

(Grigorian et al., 2013)

posterior signalling center of lymph gland primary lobe

(Grigorian et al., 2013)

embryonic/larval lymph gland

(Grigorian et al., 2013)

prohemocyte

• basement membrane

(Grigorian et al., 2013)

posterior signalling center of lymph gland primary lobe

• basement membrane

(Grigorian et al., 2013)

second instar larval stage

primary lobe of embryonic/larval lymph gland

(Grigorian et al., 2013)

secondary lobe of embryonic/larval lymph gland

(Grigorian et al., 2013)

second instar larval stage -- third instar larval stage

medullary zone of lymph gland primary lobe

• basement membrane

(Grigorian et al., 2013)

Reporter: P{unk}trol^GFP311

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage

male accessory gland

(Susic-Jung et al., 2012)

seminal vesicle

(Susic-Jung et al., 2012)

testis

(Susic-Jung et al., 2012)

ejaculatory duct

(Susic-Jung et al., 2012)

ejaculatory bulb

(Susic-Jung et al., 2012)

Reporter: PBac{681.P.FSVS-1}trol^CPTI002049

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage

adult brain

Comment: unstructured neuropil throughout adult brain

(Knowles-Barley, 2011.8.24)

Reporter: PBac{806.LOX-SVS-2}trol^CPTI004167

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage

adult brain cell body rind

(Knowles-Barley, 2011.8.24)

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\trol in GBrowse 2

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\trol

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\trol

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

DRscDB

45320/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas

FBgn0284408

Images

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 188 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 9 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of trol

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of trol

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 70 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 70 )

Gene not duplicated in

Dp(1;2)51b

(Kramers et al., 1991)

Dp(1;2)w⁺70h

(Judd et al., 1972)

Dp(1;2)w-ec

(Eeken et al., 1985)

Dp(1;3)N^264-58

(Judd et al., 1972)

Dp(1;3)w^m49a

(Judd et al., 1972)

Dp(1;3)w^vco

(Schalet, 1986)

Dp(1;4)w^m65g

(Judd et al., 1972)

Gene disrupted in

Df(1)7

(Nomura and Kurokawa, 1997)

Df(1)42

(Datta, 1995)

Df(1)62g18

(Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Judd et al., 1972)

Df(1)64c4

(Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Judd et al., 1972)

Df(1)65j26

(Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Judd et al., 1972)

Df(1)304

(Nomura and Kurokawa, 1997)

Df(1)Exel6230

(Ryder, 2004.4.26)

Df(1)gt1/2B/3

(Mohler et al., 1989)

Df(1)HM3

(Kramers et al., 1983)

Df(1)K95

(Robbins, 1990, Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Judd et al., 1972)

Df(1)L126

(Nomura and Kurokawa, 1997)

Df(1)NKx1

(Nomura and Kurokawa, 1997)

Df(1)Sp2F-3A

(Schalet, 1986)

Df(1)TEM1

(Kramers et al., 1991, Lim and Snyder, 1974)

Df(1)TEM7

(Kramers et al., 1991, Kramers et al., 1983, Paradi et al., 1983, Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Liu and Lim, 1975, Lim and Snyder, 1974)

Df(1)TEM75

(Lim and Snyder, 1974)

Df(1)TEM304

(Kramers et al., 1991, Eeken et al., 1985, Kramers et al., 1983, Paradi et al., 1983, Liu and Lim, 1975, Lim and Snyder, 1974)

Df(1)TEM501

(Kramers et al., 1991, Kramers et al., 1983, Lim and Snyder, 1974)

Df(1)w258-11

(Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Judd et al., 1972)

Df(1)w258-45

(Robbins, 1990)

Df(1)w-rJ1

(Nomura and Kurokawa, 1997, Kramers et al., 1991, Goldberg et al., 1989, Kramers et al., 1983, Paradi et al., 1983, Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Liu and Lim, 1975, Lim and Snyder, 1974, Judd et al., 1972)

Df(1)X12

(Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Judd et al., 1972)

Df(1)z-deb42

(Goldberg et al., 1989)

Df(1)z-deb54

(Goldberg et al., 1989)

Df(1)z-deb59

(Goldberg et al., 1989)

Df(1)z-deb62

(Goldberg et al., 1989)

Df(1)z-deb65

(Goldberg et al., 1989)

Df(1)z-deb72

(Goldberg et al., 1989)

Df(1)z-deb81

(Goldberg et al., 1989)

Df(1)z-deb85

(Goldberg et al., 1989)

Df(1)z-deb311

(Goldberg et al., 1989)

Df(1)z-deb511

(Goldberg et al., 1989)

Df(1)z-EM41

(Montgomery et al., 1991)

Df(1)z-EM42

(Montgomery et al., 1991)

Df(1)z-EM43

(Montgomery et al., 1991)

Df(1)z-EM44

(Montgomery et al., 1991)

Df(1)z-EM45

(Montgomery et al., 1991)

Df(1)z-EM46

(Montgomery et al., 1991)

Gene not disrupted in

Df(1)62d18

(Judd et al., 1972)

Df(1)64f1

(Lin and Wolfner, 1989, Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Judd et al., 1972)

Df(1)64j4

(Lin and Wolfner, 1989, Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Judd et al., 1972)

Df(1)202

(Nomura and Kurokawa, 1997)

Df(1)HM406

(Kramers et al., 1983)

Df(1)N-8

(Kramers et al., 1991, Lin and Wolfner, 1989, Eeken et al., 1985)

Df(1)N-54l9

(Kramers et al., 1991)

Df(1)N-264-105

(Kramers et al., 1991)

Df(1)Pgd-kz

(Kramers et al., 1991, Eeken et al., 1985)

Df(1)TEM6

(Lim and Snyder, 1974)

Df(1)TEM202

(Kramers et al., 1991, Paradi et al., 1983, Liu and Lim, 1975)

Df(1)w55j

(Lin and Wolfner, 1989)

Df(1)w67k30

(Kramers et al., 1991)

Df(1)w258-42

(Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Judd et al., 1972)

Df(1)w258-45

(Lin and Wolfner, 1989, Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Judd et al., 1972)

Df(1)w258-48

(Kramers et al., 1991, Kramers et al., 1983)

Df(1)w-N71a

(Judd et al., 1972)

Df(1)w-rJ2

(Judd et al., 1972)

Df(1)z-deb3

(Goldberg et al., 1989)

Df(1)z-deb87

(Goldberg et al., 1989)

Df(1)z-deb92

(Goldberg et al., 1989)

Df(1)z-deb910

(Goldberg et al., 1989)

Dp(1;3)w⁺67k

(Judd et al., 1972)

Gene duplicated in

Dp(1;2;Y)w⁺

(Kramers et al., 1991, Kramers et al., 1983, Judd et al., 1972)

Dp(1;2)w-ec

(Lefevre, 1981)

Dp(1;3)w^vco

(Eeken et al., 1985, Lefevre, 1981)

Dp(1;f)R

(Eeken et al., 1985)

Dp(1)weeb¹

(Kemppainen et al., 2009)

Inferred from location ( 0 )

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

lethal

lethal | larval stage

lethal | pharate adult stage

trol^G0412

lethal | prepupal stage

lethal | pupal stage

lethal - all die before end of larval stage

lethal - all die before end of larval stage | recessive

lethal - all die before end of pupal stage

lethal - all die during embryonic stage | maternal effect

trol¹⁵

lethal - all die during embryonic stage | non-rescuable maternal effect

trol¹⁵

partially lethal - majority die

trol⁶

partially lethal - majority die | recessive

trol¹³

viable

trol^EP1160

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

viable, with Scer\GAL4^Act.PU

trol^JF03376

viable, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

trol^GD7744

viable, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

viable, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

trol^GD12341

viable (with trol¹³)

viable (with trol^d8)

trol¹³

viable (with trol^p4)

trol¹³

Sterility

Allele

female semi-sterile

trol⁶

female sterile

trol²

fertile

trol^EP1160

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal developmental rate | larval stage

abnormal immune response | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^NP6267

abnormal neuroanatomy | embryonic stage

abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage

abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage

trol^G0271

abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^αTub84B.PL

trol^JF03376

chemical sensitive | recessive

trol^JC04

decreased occurrence of cell division | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^NP6267

decreased occurrence of cell division | larval stage

decreased occurrence of cell division | third instar larval stage

trol^sd

some die during embryonic stage | maternal effect

trol¹⁵

some die during embryonic stage | non-rescuable maternal effect

trol¹⁵

some die during larval stage

some die during larval stage | recessive

trol¹⁵

some die during pupal stage

some die during third instar larval stage

some die during third instar larval stage | recessive

trol^G0271

visible

trol²

visible | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^hh.PU

trol^GS7407

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

adult optic lobe | third instar larval stage

trol^sd

adult posterior midgut epithelium, with Scer\GAL4^NP6267

brain

trol^G0374

embryonic/larval brain

embryonic/larval brain | third instar larval stage

embryonic/larval brain | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^αTub84B.PL

trol^JF03376

embryonic/larval central nervous system

trol^sd

embryonic/larval optic lobe

trol^G0271

embryonic hemocyte

trol^null

eye

trol⁶

eye | male

trol²

female reproductive system

trol¹⁵

follicle cell | somatic clone

trol^null

haltere disc

trol^G0271

larval brain & neuroblast

larval intersegmental nerve branch ISNb of A1-7 | embryonic stage

larval segmental nerve branch SNa of A1-7 | embryonic stage

larval ventral nerve cord | larval stage

larval ventral nerve cord | third instar larval stage

trol^G0271

larval ventral nerve cord | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^αTub84B.PL

trol^JF03376

metathoracic leg | male

trol²

neuroblast

neuroblast & larval brain

trol^sd

neuroblast | larval stage

trol^d8

neuroblast | third instar larval stage

trol^sd

posterior crossvein, with Scer\GAL4^hh.PU

trol^GS7407

pupa

trol^G0412

thoracic neuroblast | third instar larval stage

trol^sd

wing | male

trol²

wing disc

trol^G0271

wing disc, with Avic\GFP^{dsRNA.shRNA.UAS.V20.3}, Scer\GAL4^{SPARC-MI00329-GAL4}

trol^CPTI002049

wing disc, with Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PI

trol^GS7407

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Download All OrthoDB Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)

Homo sapiens (Human) (7)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Hsap\HSPG2

11 of 15

Yes

Hsap\AGRN

3 of 15

Yes

2 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

Yes

Hsap\TMEFF2

1 of 15

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (7)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Mmus\Hspg2

9 of 15

Yes

Mmus\Agrn

3 of 15

Yes

2 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (7)

Rnor\Agrn

3 of 13

Yes

Rnor\Egflam

2 of 13

Rnor\Hspg2

2 of 13

Yes

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Yes

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (4)

Xtro\hspg2

7 of 12

Yes

Xtro\agrn

3 of 12

Yes

Xtro\egflam

2 of 12

Xtro\tmeff1

1 of 12

Yes

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (12)

Drer\hspg2

4 of 15

Yes

2 of 15

2 of 15

2 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

Yes

Drer\scospondin

1 of 15

Drer\sid4

1 of 15

Yes

Drer\tmeff1b

1 of 15

Yes

Drer\tmeff2a

1 of 15

Yes

Drer\tmeff2b

1 of 15

Yes

Drer\ush2a

1 of 15

Yes

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (4)

Cele\unc-52

12 of 15

Yes

Cele\T19D12.6

2 of 15

Cele\agr-1

1 of 15

Cele\VC5.2

1 of 15

Yes

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)

No records found.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)

No records found.

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)

No records found.

Ortholog(s) in Drosophila Species (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG09190027 )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

AAA Syntenic Ortholog

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Drosophila suzukii

Spotted wing Drosophila

Drosophila simulans

Drosophila sechellia

Drosophila erecta

Drosophila yakuba

Drosophila ananassae

Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura

Dpse\GA11663

Drosophila persimilis

Dper\GL14455

Drosophila willistoni

Dwil\GK24915

Drosophila virilis

Dvir\GJ16640

Drosophila mojavensis

Dmoj\GI15893

Drosophila grimshawi

Dgri\GH12750

Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG09150029 )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Musca domestica

House fly

Mdoa\17014491

Glossina morsitans

Tsetse fly

Gmor\GMOY011773

Lucilia cuprina

Australian sheep blowfly

Lcup\FF38_10341

Mayetiola destructor

Hessian fly

Mdes\Mdes003792

Aedes aegypti

Yellow fever mosquito

Aaeg\AAEL018219

Anopheles darlingi

American malaria mosquito

Adar\ADAC006615

Anopheles gambiae

Malaria mosquito

Agam\AGAP003656

Culex quinquefasciatus

Southern house mosquito

Cqui\CPIJ009755

Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090W0034 )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Bombyx mori

Silkmoth

Bmor\BGIBMGA012240

Danaus plexippus

Monarch butterfly

Dple\DPOGS203293-PA

Heliconius melpomene

Postman butterfly

Hmel\HMEL012064

Apis florea

Little honeybee

Aflo\2732681604

Apis mellifera

Western honey bee

Amel\GB43870

Bombus impatiens

Common eastern bumble bee

Bimp\BIMP22383

Bombus impatiens

Common eastern bumble bee

Bimp\BIMP22384

Bombus terrestris

Buff-tailed bumblebee

Bter\15204122

Linepithema humile

Argentine ant

Lhum\LH17358

Megachile rotundata

Alfalfa leafcutting bee

Mrot\MROTU:000f7c

Nasonia vitripennis

Parasitic wasp

Nvit\Nasvi2EG014161

Dendroctonus ponderosae

Mountain pine beetle

Dpod\YQE_06349

Dendroctonus ponderosae

Mountain pine beetle

Dpod\YQE_06350

Dendroctonus ponderosae

Mountain pine beetle

Dpod\YQE_06348

Tribolium castaneum

Red flour beetle

Tcas\TC033077

Pediculus humanus

Human body louse

Phum\PHUM066670

Cimex lectularius

Bed bug

Clec\CLEC008401

Cimex lectularius

Bed bug

Clec\CLEC008400

Acyrthosiphon pisum

Pea aphid

Apim\ACYPI009317

Zootermopsis nevadensis

Nevada dampwood termite

Znev\Znev_14023

Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090X002T )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Strigamia maritima

European centipede

Smar\SMAR001379

Ixodes scapularis

Black-legged tick

Isca\ISCW013413

Ixodes scapularis

Black-legged tick

Isca\ISCW013418

Ixodes scapularis

Black-legged tick

Isca\ISCW024323

Stegodyphus mimosarum

African social velvet spider

Smim\KFM60772.1

Stegodyphus mimosarum

African social velvet spider

Smim\KFM78257.1

Tetranychus urticae

Two-spotted spider mite

Turt\tetur02g07340

Tetranychus urticae

Two-spotted spider mite

Turt\tetur10g01410

Daphnia pulex

Water flea

Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_186952

Daphnia pulex

Water flea

Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_232498

Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091G048M )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Purple sea urchin

Spur\SPU_023908gn

Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Purple sea urchin

Spur\Sp-Agrin_1

Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Purple sea urchin

Spur\Sp-Hspg2

Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Purple sea urchin

Spur\Sp-Sfe1

Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Purple sea urchin

Spur\SPU_010494gn

Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Purple sea urchin

Spur\Sp-Perlc_2

Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Purple sea urchin

Spur\Sp-Prtelsn_1

Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Purple sea urchin

Spur\Sp-Perlc_1

Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Purple sea urchin

Spur\Sp-LamG/Egff4

Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Purple sea urchin

Spur\Sp-Agrin

Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Purple sea urchin

Spur\Sp-Agrin_2

Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Purple sea urchin

Spur\Sp-Perlc

Ciona intestinalis

Vase tunicate

Cint\ENSCING00000008563

Ciona intestinalis

Vase tunicate

Cint\ENSCING00000013138

Ciona intestinalis

Vase tunicate

Cint\ENSCING00000023647

Gallus gallus

Domestic chicken

Ggal\AGRN

Gallus gallus

Domestic chicken

Ggal\EGFLAM

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v8.0)

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (10)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

3 of 10

dsd

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

eys

1 of 10

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

cancer, epithelial, EGFR-HSPG2 related

Disease Model Summary Ribbon

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 3 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

HSPG2; heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2

model of Schwartz-Jampel syndrome 1

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

model of Silverman-Handmaker type dyssegmental dysplasia

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

AGRN; agrin

model of congenital myasthenic syndrome 8

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 2 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

trol^KK105502

ameliorates cancer

modeled by Egfr^UAS.cBa, psq^KK111691

(Herranz et al., 2014)

trol^GL01153

ameliorates cancer

modeled by Egfr^UAS.cBa, psq^KK111691

(Herranz et al., 2014)

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

HSPG2; heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2

11 of 15

142461

AGRN; agrin

3 of 15

103320

MYASTHENIC SYNDROME, CONGENITAL, 8; CMS8

congenital myasthenic syndrome 8

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

Interactions Browser

View in Interactions Browser

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

trol - Dg

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Schneider et al., 2006)

RNA-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

trol - TBPH

pull down, quantitative reverse transcription pcr

(Swain et al., 2016)

trol - lark

pull down, quantitative reverse transcription pcr

(Swain et al., 2016)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

esyN Network Key:

Suppression

Enhancement

View in Interactions Browser

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

trol

enhanceable

bnl

(Park et al., 2003)

trol

enhanceable

btl

(Park et al., 2003)

trol

suppressible

CycB

(Caldwell and Datta, 1998)

trol

suppressible

CycE

(Park et al., 2003, Caldwell and Datta, 1998)

eve|trol

suppressible

CycE

(Park et al., 2001)

trol

suppressible

Dp|E2f1

(Caldwell and Datta, 1998)

trol

enhanceable

eve

(Park et al., 2001, Park and Datta, 1998, Park et al., 1998)

trol

suppressible

eve

(Park et al., 1998)

trol

suppressible

Gyc76C

(Schleede and Blair, 2015)

trol

enhanceable

(Park et al., 2003)

trol

enhanceable

ttv

(Park et al., 2003)

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

AdamTS-A

suppressible

trol

(Skeath et al., 2017)

Egfr

enhanceable

trol

(Herranz et al., 2014)

Egfr|psq

suppressible

trol

(Herranz et al., 2014)

Gyc76C

suppressible

trol

(Schleede and Blair, 2015)

suppressible

trol

(Park et al., 2003)

enhanceable

(Cho et al., 2012)

enhanceable

(Cho et al., 2012)

suppressible

(Cho et al., 2012)

External Data

Linkouts

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Negative Regulators of FGFR Signaling Pathway -: Negative regulators of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor signaling down-regulate the pathway, suppressing the activation of ERK kinase (rl) or acting on other effectors.
Positive Regulators of Hedgehog Signaling Pathway -: Positive regulators of hedgehog signaling up-regulate the pathway, resulting in the activation of transcription of hh-responsive genes.
Positive Regulators of FGFR Signaling Pathway -: Positive regulators of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor signaling up-regulate the pathway, enhancing the activation of ERK kinase (rl) or acting on other effectors.

Metabolic Pathways

External Data

Linkouts

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

1-1

Cytogenetic map

3A1-3A4

Sequence location

X:2,470,460..2,545,427 [-]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

3A1-3A4

Left limit from in situ hybridisation (FBrf0108529) Right limit from in situ hybridisation (FBrf0108529); Left limit from in situ hybridisation (FBrf0109189) Right limit from in situ hybridisation (FBrf0109189)

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

3A3-3A4

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Peter et al., 2002, Schäfer et al., 1999.8.12)

3A-3A

(Friedrich, 2000.1.20, Baumgartner, 1999.9.23)

3A1-3A4

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Schäfer et al., 1999.3.29, Schäfer et al., 1999.6.15)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

1-1

(FlyBase, 2016)

1-0.8

(Comeron et al., 2012)

1-1.04

Left of (cM)

(Judd et al., 1972)

Right of (cM)

(Judd et al., 1972)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (37)

Bloomington

65273

w^*; P{UAS-trol.RG}3

65274

w^*; P{UAS-trol.RD}3

11007

P{EP}trol^EP1160 w¹¹¹⁸

4284

trol¹³/FM7a/Dp(1;2;Y)w⁺

14730

y¹ P{SUPor-P}trol^KG08519

42783

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.GL01153}attP2

Kyoto

107669

trol¹³/FM7a/Dp(1;2;Y)w⁺

108888

y¹ P{SUPor-P}trol^KG04824

112051

P{GawB}trol^NP0120 w^* / FM7c

VDRC

v110494

P{KK105502}VIE-260B

v22642

w¹¹¹⁸ P{GD12341}v22642

v24549

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD7744}v24549

More stocks available...

Genomic Clones (37)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (107)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

MIP20647

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

polyclonal

(Díaz-Torres et al., 2021, Friedrich et al., 2000)

Commercially Available Antibodies

Other Information

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database identify of

Source for database merge of

Source for merge of: trol pcan

(Datta et al., 2002, Voigt et al., 2002)

Source for merge of: trol l(1)G0023 l(1)G0271 l(1)G0374

(Voigt et al., 2002)

Source for merge of: trol anon-WO0153538.72

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Source for merge of: pcan EG:BACR25B3.11

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Source for merge of: trol BcDNA:GM02481

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Source for merge of: EG:BACR25B3.11 CG7981

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Source for merge of: trol EG:BACR25B3.1 EG:BACR25B3.10

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Source for merge of: EG:BACR25B3.2 CG12497

(FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2005, FlyBase, 1996-)

Source for merge of: trol MRE7

(FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2014)

Source for merge of: trol l(1)G0021 l(1)G0181 l(1)G0412 l(1)G0019 l(1)G0211

(FlyBase Curators, 2008-)

Additional comments

MRE7 corresponds to a portion of the 3' UTR of a short isoform of trol.

(FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2014)

Source for merge of EG:BACR25B3.2 CG12497 was sequence comparison ( date:000425 ).

(FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2005, FlyBase, 1996-)

"l(1)G0019" may affect "trol". "l(1)G0021" may affect "trol". "l(1)G0073" may affect "trol". "l(1)G0023" may affect "trol". "l(1)G0374" may affect "trol". "l(1)G0181" may affect "trol". "l(1)G0211" may affect "trol". "l(1)G0377" may affect "trol". "l(1)G0271" may affect "trol". "l(1)G0412" may affect "trol". "l(1)G0362" may affect "trol".

(Peter et al., 2002)

"l(1)G0021" may affect "trol".

(Peter et al., 2002)

"l(1)G0181" may affect "trol".

(Peter et al., 2002)

"l(1)G0412" may affect "trol".

(Peter et al., 2002)

"l(1)G0019" may affect "trol".

(Peter et al., 2002)

"l(1)G0211" may affect "trol".

(Peter et al., 2002)

"l(1)G0023" may affect "trol".

(Peter et al., 2002)

"l(1)G0271" may affect "trol".

(Peter et al., 2002)

"l(1)G0374" may affect "trol".

(Peter et al., 2002)

" EG:BACR25B3.2 " may correspond to "Scim4". Sequence analysis off ends of P{SUPor-P} in Scim insertion mutant places "Scim4" near/in " EG:BACR25B3.2 " and/or " EG:BACR25B3.3 ".

(Dobie and Karpen, 2001.4.18)

Source for merge of pcan EG:BACR25B3.11 was sequence comparison ( date:000228 ).

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Source for merge of trol BcDNA:GM02481 was a shared cDNA ( date:030728 ).

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Source for merge of trol anon-WO0153538.72 was sequence comparison ( date:051113 ).

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Source for merge of EG:BACR25B3.11 CG7981 was sequence comparison ( date:000425 ).

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Other Comments

trol does not have an essential role in apical-basal follicle cell polarity.

(Mirouse et al., 2013)

trol is required for Sema-1a-plexA-mediated repulsive axon guidance.

(Cho et al., 2012)

Loss of trol increases basement membrane tension in a Collagen IV-dependent manner.

(Pastor-Pareja and Xu, 2011)

trol gene product is required for the activation of proliferation in quiescent optic lobe and thoracic neuroblasts.

(Datta, 1995)

trol acts downstream of ana, it is possible that trol may function to inactivate or bypass ana repression to activate cell proliferation. trol is required specifically to regulate initiation of proliferation and may be part of a switch that controls the transition from quiescence to active proliferation.

(Datta, 1995)

Mutations in trol cause optic lobe defects.

(Datta and Kankel, 1992)

Partial maternal insufficiency of trol does not cause embryonic lethality.

(Robbins, 1990)

Tight alleles <up>trol⁹, trol¹², trol²³, trol³³</up> are polyphasic, dying during L2, L3 and post-puparial stages; cell viable. Semilethal alleles <up>trol² and trol⁶</up> die as pupae; escapers have rough eyes, shriveled or blistered wings and crippled metathoracic legs; phenotype of X0 more extreme than that of XY males. XY escapers fertile but females sterile <up>trol²/trol² and trol²/trol⁶</up> or nearly so <up>trol⁶/trol⁶</up>. The latter females sterile in crosses to trol⁶ males, but produce heterozygous daughters when outcrossed (Shannon, Kaufman, Shen and Judd, 1975). In line freed of sgg⁴ (Robbins), trol¹⁴ survives as epidermal clones and as oogenic clones, which produce lethal zygotes (Garcia-Bellido and Robbins, 1983).

Origin and Etymology

Discoverer

Etymology

Identification

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 171 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

45320

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Other crossreferences

DRscDB

45320/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas

FBgn0284408

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

Dmel_CG33950

MARRVEL_MODEL

45320

Linkouts

Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution

Interactive Fly

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (56)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

BcDNA:GM02481

CG12497

(Maines et al., 2007, Inoshita and Tanimura, 2006, Noselli, 2004.10.11, Dobie and Karpen, 2001.4.18, Benos, 2000.12.13, FlyBase, 1996-)

CG33675

CG33950

(Neuert et al., 2017, Çiçek et al., 2016, Yamamoto-Hino et al., 2015, Yin et al., 2013, Jaspers et al., 2012, Cammarato et al., 2011, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009, Chang et al., 2008)

CG7981

(Blagden et al., 2009, Quinones-Coello, 2007, Fakhouri et al., 2006, Inoshita and Tanimura, 2006, Medioni and Noselli, 2005, Noselli, 2004.10.11, Bourbon et al., 2002, Labourier et al., 2002, Ashburner and Benos, 2000.5.16, Benos, 2000.12.13)

CT23996

(Vogel et al., 2003, Hynes and Zhao, 2000, Hynes and Zhao, 2000)

EG:BACR25B3.1

(Benos et al., 2001, Ashburner and Benos, 2000.5.16)

EG:BACR25B3.10

(Benos et al., 2001, Ashburner and Benos, 2000.5.16)

EG:BACR25B3.11

(Benos et al., 2001, Ashburner and Benos, 2000.5.16, Benos, 2000.12.13)

EG:BACR25B3.2

(Benos et al., 2001)

GC7891

(Park et al., 2003)

MRE7

(Kageyama, 2007.2.28, Inagaki et al., 2005)

Pcan

(Cerqueira Campos et al., 2020, Töpfer and Holz, 2020, Yang et al., 2019, Devergne et al., 2017, Devergne et al., 2014, Weavers and Skaer, 2013, Cho et al., 2012, Mirouse et al., 2009, Denef et al., 2008, Denef et al., 2008, Schneider and Baumgartner, 2008)

Pcn

(Richardson and Portela, 2018)

Perl

(Matsubayashi et al., 2020)

Perlecan

(Chen et al., 2019)

TROL

(Nguyen et al., 2016)

Trol

(Zhang et al., 2021, Nishihara, 2020, Zheng et al., 2020, David-Morrison et al., 2016, Yasugi and Nishimura, 2016, Yamamoto-Hino et al., 2015, Dani et al., 2012, Susic-Jung et al., 2012, Grigorian et al., 2011, Pastor-Pareja and Xu, 2011, Medioni et al., 2008, Sexton and Harrison, 2008)

Trol-A

(Kemppainen et al., 2009)

Trol-B

(Kemppainen et al., 2009)

Troll

(Chintapalli et al., 2013, Kallappagoudar et al., 2010)

ZW-1

(Paradi et al., 1983)

anon-WO0153538.72

l(1)3Ac

(The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna)

l(1)9-96

l(1)G0019

l(1)G0021

l(1)G0023

l(1)G0181

l(1)G0211

l(1)G0271

l(1)G0374

l(1)G0412

l(1)VA51

l(1)trol

(Meinertzhagen and Hanson, 1993, Datta and Kankel, 1992, Datta and Kankel, 1991)

l(1)zw1

(Robbins, 1990, Lin and Wolfner, 1989, Garcia-Bellido and Robbins, 1983, Paradi et al., 1983, Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Lim and Snyder, 1974, Shannon et al., 1972)

l(1)zwl

(Mariani et al., 1985)

pcan

(Schneider et al., 2006, Lum et al., 2003, Friedrich et al., 2000, Baumgartner, 1999.9.23)

trol

(Ferguson et al., 2021, Xie et al., 2021, Aboukilila et al., 2020, Csordás et al., 2020, Khoroshko et al., 2020, Kirkland et al., 2020, Kurmangaliyev et al., 2020, Matsubayashi et al., 2020, Parra and Johnston, 2020, Statzer and Ewald, 2020, Sun et al., 2020, Theis et al., 2020, Töpfer and Holz, 2020, Berlandi et al., 2019, Chen et al., 2019, FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2019-, Kanda et al., 2019, Maksimov and Koryakov, 2019, Proag et al., 2019, Ramos-Lewis and Page-McCaw, 2019, Thuveson et al., 2019, Wittes and Schüpbach, 2019, Croset et al., 2018, Dai et al., 2018, Ramos-Lewis et al., 2018, Crest et al., 2017, Kamimura and Maeda, 2017, Neuert et al., 2017, Skeath et al., 2017, Takemura and Nakato, 2017, Kuleesha et al., 2016, Dequéant et al., 2015, Gene Disruption Project members, 2015-, Li et al., 2015, Lin et al., 2015, Schleede and Blair, 2015, Zang et al., 2015, Ashwal-Fluss et al., 2014, DeSalvo et al., 2014, Devergne et al., 2014, FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2014, Kim and Choe, 2014, You et al., 2014, Grigorian et al., 2013, Lerner et al., 2013, McPhee et al., 2013, Ozkan et al., 2013, Wang et al., 2013, Webber et al., 2013, Dani et al., 2012, Hayashi et al., 2012, Hong et al., 2012, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Fay et al., 2011, Friedman et al., 2011, Nagaosa et al., 2011, Bunt et al., 2010, Campbell et al., 2009, Flaherty et al., 2009, Brandt et al., 2008, Chang et al., 2008, Junion et al., 2007, Lindner et al., 2007, Lindner et al., 2007, Quinones-Coello, 2007, Beller et al., 2006, Schneider et al., 2006, Lear et al., 2005, Torroja et al., 2005, Park et al., 2003, Voigt et al., 2002, Datta, 1999)

troll

zw-1

(Nomura and Kurokawa, 1997, Kramers et al., 1991, Kramers et al., 1983, Liu and Lim, 1975)

zw1

(Montgomery et al., 1991, Pastink et al., 1990, Goldberg et al., 1989, Lefevre and Watkins, 1986, Schalet, 1986, Eeken et al., 1985, Robbins, 1983, Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Lefevre, 1981, Judd et al., 1972)

Name Synonyms

Terribly reduced optic lobes

(Nishihara, 2020, Medioni et al., 2008)

Trol/perlecan

(Girard et al., 2006)

dPerlecan

(Yamamoto-Hino et al., 2015)

lethal (1) G0019

lethal (1) G0021

lethal (1) G0023

lethal (1) G0181

lethal (1) G0211

lethal (1) G0271

lethal (1) G0374

lethal (1) G0412

mRNA-like ncRNA in embryogenesis 7

perlecan

(Sekiguchi and Yamada, 2018, Skeath et al., 2017, Herranz et al., 2014, Mirouse et al., 2013, Weavers and Skaer, 2013, Beck et al., 2012, Gates, 2012, Xie and Auld, 2011, Martinek et al., 2008, Medioni et al., 2008, Yan and Lin, 2007, Girard et al., 2006, Husain et al., 2006, Steigemann et al., 2004, Princivalle and de Agostini, 2002, Brown, 2000, Friedrich et al., 2000, Baumgartner, 1999.9.23)

terribly reduced optic lobes

(Jaspers et al., 2012, Cammarato et al., 2011, Fay et al., 2011, Flaherty et al., 2009, Chang et al., 2008, Voigt et al., 2002, Datta, 1999)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

FBgn0267911
FBgn0261451
FBgn0001402
FBgn0027946
FBgn0029620
FBgn0029621
FBgn0040379
FBgn0040380
FBgn0040381
FBgn0045878
FBgn0053675
FBgn0053950
FBgn0063205
FBgn0026710
FBgn0027241
FBgn0028307
FBgn0086539
FBgn0067759
FBgn0028348
FBgn0028284
FBgn0067760
FBgn0027269

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