FB2022_02, released March 29, 2022

Gene: Dmel\trol

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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\trol
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
terribly reduced optic lobes
Annotation Symbol
CG33950
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0284408
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
37 publicly available
Gene Summary
terribly reduced optic lobes (trol) encodes the extracellular matrix component Perlecan, a secreted heparan sulfate proteoglycan. It regulates cell-signaling by multiple growth factors including those in the hedgehog, wingless/WNT, FGF, TGFbeta, EGF, and VEGF families, thus playing a role in many developmental patterning decisions. [Date last reviewed: 2019-06-27] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

Perlecan, Pcan, zw1, l(1)zw1, zw-1

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
3A1-3A4
Sequence location
Recombination map
1-1
RefSeq locus
NC_004354 REGION:2470460..2545427
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
GO Summary Ribbons
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (12 terms)
Molecular Function (0 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Biological Process (11 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (9 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in defasciculation of motor neuron axon
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Cho et al., 2012)
involved_in maintenance of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Schneider et al., 2006)
involved_in motor neuron axon guidance
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Cho et al., 2012)
involved_in negative regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway
(Dragojlovic-Munther and Martinez-Agosto, 2013)
involved_in positive regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:bnl; FB:FBgn0014135
(Park et al., 2003)
involved_in positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Park et al., 2003)
involved_in positive regulation of semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Sema1a; FB:FBgn0011259
(Cho et al., 2012)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:PlexA; FB:FBgn0025741
(Cho et al., 2012)
involved_in positive regulation of smoothened signaling pathway
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:hh; FB:FBgn0004644
(Park et al., 2003)
involved_in response to anesthetic
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Campbell et al., 2009)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in animal organ morphogenesis
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002576803
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
involved_in tissue development
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002576803
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Cellular Component (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in basement membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Dai et al., 2018, Crest et al., 2017, Takemura and Nakato, 2017, Isabella and Horne-Badovinac, 2016, Denef et al., 2008)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in basement membrane
inferred from sequence or structural similarity
(Hynes and Zhao, 2000)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Pathway (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
terribly reduced optic lobes (trol) encodes the extracellular matrix component Perlecan, a secreted heparan sulfate proteoglycan. It regulates cell-signaling by multiple growth factors including those in the hedgehog, wingless/WNT, FGF, TGFbeta, EGF, and VEGF families, thus playing a role in many developmental patterning decisions. [Date last reviewed: 2019-06-27]
Pathway (FlyBase)
Negative Regulators of FGFR Signaling Pathway -
Negative regulators of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor signaling down-regulate the pathway, suppressing the activation of ERK kinase (rl) or acting on other effectors.
Positive Regulators of Hedgehog Signaling Pathway -
Positive regulators of hedgehog signaling up-regulate the pathway, resulting in the activation of transcription of hh-responsive genes.
Positive Regulators of FGFR Signaling Pathway -
Positive regulators of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor signaling up-regulate the pathway, enhancing the activation of ERK kinase (rl) or acting on other effectors.
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
l(1)3Ac
Tight alleles [l(1)3Ac9, l(1)3Ac12, l(1)3Ac23, l(1)3Ac33] are polyphasic, dying during L2, L3, and post puparial stages; cell viable. Semilethal alleles [l(1)3Ac2 and l(1)3Ac6] die as pupae; escapers have rough eyes, shriveled or blistered wings, and crippled metathoracic legs; phenotype of X0 more extreme that that of XY males. XY escapers fertile but females sterile [l(1)3Ac2/l(1)3Ac2 and l(1)3Ac2/l(1)3Ac6] or nearly so [l(1)3Ac6/l(1)3A6]. The latter females sterile in crosses to l(1)3Ac6 males, but produce heterozygous daughters when outcrossed (Shannon, Kaufman, Shen, and Judd, 1975, Genetics 72: 615-38). In line freed of l(1)3Ba4 (Robbins), l(1)3Ac14 survives as epidermal clones and as oogenic clones, which produce lethal zygotes (Garcia-Bellido and Robbins, 1983, Genetics 103: 235-47).
Summary (Interactive Fly)

extracellular matrix component - homolog of perlecan - regulates larval neuroblast division by modulating both FGF and Hedgehog signaling

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
25
Number of Unique Polypeptides
25

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\trol for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure New Section
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9W4Y3)

If you don't see the viewer to the right, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 6.29

Gene model reviewed during 6.06

Gene model reviewed during 6.45

Gene model reviewed during 5.51

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Annotated transcripts do not represent all possible combinations of alternative exons and/or alternative promoters.

Gene model reviewed during 5.39

Gene model reviewed during 6.03

Gene model reviewed during 6.32

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
gene
nuclear_gene
protein_coding_gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
trol-RAF
FBtr0342806
NM_001258564
14181
4434
trol-RAG
FBtr0342807
NM_001031865
10611
3105
trol-RAH
FBtr0342808
NM_001169177
13564
4411
trol-RAI
FBtr0342809
NM_001258567
12022
3897
trol-RAK
FBtr0342810
NM_001258566
12866
4176
trol-RAL
FBtr0342811
NM_001258563
11515
3728
trol-RAM
FBtr0342812
NM_001258568
12232
3967
trol-RAN
FBtr0342813
NM_001031866
12679
4150
trol-RAO
FBtr0342814
NM_001031864
12540
3887
trol-RAP
FBtr0342815
NM_001258569
11749
3806
trol-RAQ
FBtr0342816
NM_001258570
13776
4299
trol-RAR
FBtr0342817
NM_001258571
12781
4150
trol-RAS
FBtr0342818
NM_001297893
12294
3805
trol-RAT
FBtr0342819
NM_001031867
13666
4479
trol-RAU
FBtr0342820
NM_001258562
14232
4451
trol-RAV
FBtr0342821
NM_001297894
12798
3973
trol-RAW
FBtr0342822
NM_001031862
12900
4007
trol-RAX
FBtr0342823
NM_001297895
13213
2853
trol-RAY
FBtr0342824
NM_001258565
12378
3833
trol-RAZ
FBtr0342825
NM_001103399
12846
3989
trol-RBA
FBtr0342826
NM_001297896
13488
4203
trol-RBB
FBtr0475303
NM_001031863
13023
4178
trol-RBC
FBtr0479747
NM_001382068
12178
3972
trol-RBD
FBtr0481645
13798
4489
trol-RBE
FBtr0481646
11545
3738
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
RefSeq ID
GenBank
trol-PAF
FBpp0309642
491.7
4434
4.47
NP_001245493
AFH07207
trol-PAG
FBpp0309643
345.1
3105
4.49
NP_001027036
AAN09080
trol-PAH
FBpp0309644
489.1
4411
4.47
NP_001162648
ACZ95185
trol-PAI
FBpp0309645
431.6
3897
4.63
NP_001245496
AFH07210
trol-PAK
FBpp0309646
461.1
4176
4.57
NP_001245495
AFH07209
trol-PAL
FBpp0309647
412.8
3728
4.54
NP_001245492
AFH07206
trol-PAM
FBpp0309648
439.5
3967
4.52
NP_001245497
AFH07211
trol-PAN
FBpp0309649
460.1
4150
4.52
NP_001027037
AAF45786
trol-PAO
FBpp0309650
430.3
3887
4.53
NP_001027035
AAN09078
trol-PAP
FBpp0309651
421.5
3806
4.53
NP_001245498
AFH07212
trol-PAQ
FBpp0309652
476.6
4299
4.49
NP_001245499
AFH07213
trol-PAR
FBpp0309653
460.0
4150
4.53
NP_001245500
AFH07214
trol-PAS
FBpp0309654
421.0
3805
4.53
NP_001284822
AHN59293
trol-PAT
FBpp0309655
496.9
4479
4.48
NP_001027038
AAF45787
trol-PAU
FBpp0309656
493.8
4451
4.47
NP_001245491
AFH07205
trol-PAV
FBpp0309657
440.4
3973
4.55
NP_001284823
AHN59294
trol-PAW
FBpp0309658
444.2
4007
4.52
NP_001027033
AAN09077
trol-PAX
FBpp0309659
316.8
2853
4.49
NP_001284824
AHN59295
trol-PAY
FBpp0309660
424.6
3833
4.52
NP_001245494
AFH07208
trol-PAZ
FBpp0309661
442.2
3989
4.55
NP_001096869
ABW09330
trol-PBA
FBpp0309662
465.2
4203
4.52
NP_001284825
AHN59296
trol-PBB
FBpp0423412
461.9
4178
4.56
AAN09079
trol-PBC
FBpp0428090
440.2
3972
4.66
QJC18357
trol-PBD
FBpp0428427
498.2
4489
4.48
trol-PBE
FBpp0428428
414.1
3738
4.53
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records
 
UniProt
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\trol using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Linkouts
Expression Data
Expression Summary Ribbons
Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.
For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.
Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 4
organism | ubiquitous | uniform
(Friedrich et al., 2000)
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
germline cell
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
embryonic dorsal epidermis
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic epipharynx
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic foregut sensory structure
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic hypopharynx
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic proventriculus
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic proventriculus inner layer
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic proventriculus intermediate layer
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval circulatory system
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval dorsal vessel
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval lymph gland
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval midgut
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval muscle system
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval somatic muscle cell
(Fisher et al., 2012)
lateral cord
(Fisher et al., 2012)
lateral cord glial cell
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral midline of embryo
(Fisher et al., 2012)
larval ventral nerve cord
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 15
visceral mesoderm
(Friedrich et al., 2000)
fat body primordium
(Friedrich et al., 2000)
midline glial cell
(Voigt et al., 2002)
embryonic stage 15 -- 16
embryonic cardioblast
(Friedrich et al., 2000)
embryonic/larval hindgut
(Friedrich et al., 2000)
embryonic stage 16
embryonic/larval midgut
(Friedrich et al., 2000)
larval stage
eye-antennal disc | restricted
(Friedrich et al., 2000)
eye disc morphogenetic furrow
(Friedrich et al., 2000)
ocellus | precursor
(Friedrich et al., 2000)
maxillary palpus | distal | precursor
(Friedrich et al., 2000)
ventral thoracic disc | restricted

Comment: concentric ring pattern

(Friedrich et al., 2000)
third instar larval stage
embryonic/larval brain | restricted

Comment: two clusters of cells at inner side of brain hemispheres.

(Voigt et al., 2002)
oogenesis
germarium region 2b
(Voigt et al., 2002)
oogenesis stage S1 -- S6
nurse cell
(Voigt et al., 2002)
follicle cell
(Voigt et al., 2002)
oogenesis stage S8 -- S9
follicle cell | subset

Comment: dorsal follicle cells overlying the oocyte nucleus

(Voigt et al., 2002)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
embryonic/larval motor neuron | subset of larval ventral nerve cord
(Cho et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 15
organism | ubiquitous
(Friedrich et al., 2000)
embryonic stage 15 -- 16
embryonic/larval hindgut
(Friedrich et al., 2000)
embryonic/larval midgut
(Friedrich et al., 2000)
embryonic/larval central nervous system
(Friedrich et al., 2000)
embryonic stage 16
embryonic cardioblast | dorsal
(Friedrich et al., 2000)
embryonic/larval dorsal vessel | dorsal
(Friedrich et al., 2000)
muscle attachment site of embryonic/larval somatic muscle cell | dorsal
(Friedrich et al., 2000)
embryonic/larval neuron | subset of larval ventral nerve cord
(Cho et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval abdominal apodeme | intense
(Cho et al., 2012)
larval intersegmental nerve branch ISNb of A1-7
(Cho et al., 2012)
larval segmental nerve branch SNa of A1-7
(Cho et al., 2012)
A1-7 VO2 motor neuron
(Cho et al., 2012)
A1-7 VL3/4 motor neuron
(Cho et al., 2012)
A1-7 VO1 motor neuron
(Cho et al., 2012)
A1-7 ventral motor neuron
(Cho et al., 2012)
third instar larval stage
embryonic/larval optic stalk
(Murakami et al., 2007)
medullary zone of lymph gland primary lobe
(Grigorian et al., 2013)
embryonic/larval dorsal vessel
(Grigorian et al., 2013)
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult head
(Aradska et al., 2015)
day 7 of adulthood -- day 49 of adulthood
adult heart
(Cammarato et al., 2011)
western blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
cultured cell-line

Comment: reference states Kc[[1]] cells

(Friedrich et al., 2000)
Additional Descriptive Data

trol-protein is expressed in a subset of neurons in the embryonic ventral nerve cord, some of which co-express the motor neuron marker Scer\GAL4exex-Gal4. Strong staining is observed in abdominal apodemes and at branch points of the intersegmental nerve ISNb and the segmental nerve SNa. A fainter expression is detected in several regions of ventral and lateral hypodermal muscles with an accumulation along motor axon trajectories close to the ISNb pathway.

(Cho et al., 2012)

In stage 16 embryos, particular depositions of trol protein are observed in the basement membrane of cardiac cells, the dorsal vessel, muscle attachment sites of dorsal muscles, the central nervous system, CNS channels, and dorsal median cells of the CNS.

(Friedrich et al., 2000)
Marker for
 
embryonic/larval optic stalk
(Murakami et al., 2007)
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in basement membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Dai et al., 2018, Crest et al., 2017, Takemura and Nakato, 2017, Isabella and Horne-Badovinac, 2016, Denef et al., 2008)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
Reporter: P{PTT-un}trolZCL1973
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
posterior signalling center of lymph gland primary lobe
(Grigorian et al., 2013)
embryonic stage 14
embryonic cardioblast | surrounding
(Grigorian et al., 2013)
embryonic stage 14 -- 17
cardioblast
(Grigorian et al., 2013)
embryonic stage 16
pericardial cell | surrounding
(Grigorian et al., 2013)
embryonic/larval lymph gland | surrounding
(Grigorian et al., 2013)
embryonic stage 16 -- 17
pericardial cell
(Grigorian et al., 2013)
embryonic/larval lymph gland
(Grigorian et al., 2013)
first instar larval stage
prohemocyte | surrounding
(Grigorian et al., 2013)
posterior signalling center of lymph gland primary lobe
(Grigorian et al., 2013)
embryonic/larval lymph gland
(Grigorian et al., 2013)
prohemocyte
(Grigorian et al., 2013)
posterior signalling center of lymph gland primary lobe
(Grigorian et al., 2013)
second instar larval stage
primary lobe of embryonic/larval lymph gland
(Grigorian et al., 2013)
secondary lobe of embryonic/larval lymph gland
(Grigorian et al., 2013)
second instar larval stage -- third instar larval stage
medullary zone of lymph gland primary lobe
(Grigorian et al., 2013)
Reporter: P{unk}trolGFP311
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
male accessory gland
(Susic-Jung et al., 2012)
seminal vesicle
(Susic-Jung et al., 2012)
testis
(Susic-Jung et al., 2012)
ejaculatory duct
(Susic-Jung et al., 2012)
ejaculatory bulb
(Susic-Jung et al., 2012)
Reporter: PBac{681.P.FSVS-1}trolCPTI002049
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult brain

Comment: unstructured neuropil throughout adult brain

(Knowles-Barley, 2011.8.24)
Reporter: PBac{806.LOX-SVS-2}trolCPTI004167
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult brain cell body rind
(Knowles-Barley, 2011.8.24)
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\trol in GBrowse 2
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 190 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 9 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of trol
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of trol
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 70 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 70 )
Gene not duplicated in
Dp(1;2)51b
(Kramers et al., 1991)
Dp(1;2)w+70h
(Judd et al., 1972)
Dp(1;2)w-ec
(Eeken et al., 1985)
Dp(1;3)N264-58
(Judd et al., 1972)
Dp(1;3)wm49a
(Judd et al., 1972)
Dp(1;3)wvco
(Schalet, 1986)
Dp(1;4)wm65g
(Judd et al., 1972)
Gene disrupted in
Df(1)7
(Nomura and Kurokawa, 1997)
Df(1)42
(Datta, 1995)
Df(1)62g18
(Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Judd et al., 1972)
Df(1)64c4
(Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Judd et al., 1972)
Df(1)65j26
(Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Judd et al., 1972)
Df(1)304
(Nomura and Kurokawa, 1997)
Df(1)Exel6230
(Ryder, 2004.4.26)
Df(1)gt1/2B/3
(Mohler et al., 1989)
Df(1)HM3
(Kramers et al., 1983)
Df(1)K95
(Robbins, 1990, Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Judd et al., 1972)
Df(1)L126
(Nomura and Kurokawa, 1997)
Df(1)NKx1
(Nomura and Kurokawa, 1997)
Df(1)Sp2F-3A
(Schalet, 1986)
Df(1)TEM1
(Kramers et al., 1991, Lim and Snyder, 1974)
Df(1)TEM7
(Kramers et al., 1991, Kramers et al., 1983, Paradi et al., 1983, Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Liu and Lim, 1975, Lim and Snyder, 1974)
Df(1)TEM75
(Lim and Snyder, 1974)
Df(1)TEM304
(Kramers et al., 1991, Eeken et al., 1985, Kramers et al., 1983, Paradi et al., 1983, Liu and Lim, 1975, Lim and Snyder, 1974)
Df(1)TEM501
(Kramers et al., 1991, Kramers et al., 1983, Lim and Snyder, 1974)
Df(1)w258-11
(Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Judd et al., 1972)
Df(1)w258-45
(Robbins, 1990)
Df(1)w-rJ1
(Nomura and Kurokawa, 1997, Kramers et al., 1991, Goldberg et al., 1989, Kramers et al., 1983, Paradi et al., 1983, Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Liu and Lim, 1975, Lim and Snyder, 1974, Judd et al., 1972)
Df(1)X12
(Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Judd et al., 1972)
Df(1)z-deb42
(Goldberg et al., 1989)
Df(1)z-deb54
(Goldberg et al., 1989)
Df(1)z-deb59
(Goldberg et al., 1989)
Df(1)z-deb62
(Goldberg et al., 1989)
Df(1)z-deb65
(Goldberg et al., 1989)
Df(1)z-deb72
(Goldberg et al., 1989)
Df(1)z-deb81
(Goldberg et al., 1989)
Df(1)z-deb85
(Goldberg et al., 1989)
Df(1)z-deb311
(Goldberg et al., 1989)
Df(1)z-deb511
(Goldberg et al., 1989)
Df(1)z-EM41
(Montgomery et al., 1991)
Df(1)z-EM42
(Montgomery et al., 1991)
Df(1)z-EM43
(Montgomery et al., 1991)
Df(1)z-EM44
(Montgomery et al., 1991)
Df(1)z-EM45
(Montgomery et al., 1991)
Df(1)z-EM46
(Montgomery et al., 1991)
Gene not disrupted in
Df(1)62d18
(Judd et al., 1972)
Df(1)64f1
(Lin and Wolfner, 1989, Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Judd et al., 1972)
Df(1)64j4
(Lin and Wolfner, 1989, Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Judd et al., 1972)
Df(1)202
(Nomura and Kurokawa, 1997)
Df(1)HM406
(Kramers et al., 1983)
Df(1)N-8
(Kramers et al., 1991, Lin and Wolfner, 1989, Eeken et al., 1985)
Df(1)N-54l9
(Kramers et al., 1991)
Df(1)N-264-105
(Kramers et al., 1991)
Df(1)Pgd-kz
(Kramers et al., 1991, Eeken et al., 1985)
Df(1)TEM6
(Lim and Snyder, 1974)
Df(1)TEM202
(Kramers et al., 1991, Paradi et al., 1983, Liu and Lim, 1975)
Df(1)w55j
(Lin and Wolfner, 1989)
Df(1)w67k30
(Kramers et al., 1991)
Df(1)w258-42
(Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Judd et al., 1972)
Df(1)w258-45
(Lin and Wolfner, 1989, Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Judd et al., 1972)
Df(1)w258-48
(Kramers et al., 1991, Kramers et al., 1983)
Df(1)w-N71a
(Judd et al., 1972)
Df(1)w-rJ2
(Judd et al., 1972)
Df(1)z-deb3
(Goldberg et al., 1989)
Df(1)z-deb87
(Goldberg et al., 1989)
Df(1)z-deb92
(Goldberg et al., 1989)
Df(1)z-deb910
(Goldberg et al., 1989)
Dp(1;3)w+67k
(Judd et al., 1972)
Gene duplicated in
Dp(1;2;Y)w+
(Kramers et al., 1991, Kramers et al., 1983, Judd et al., 1972)
Dp(1;2)w-ec
(Lefevre, 1981)
Dp(1;3)wvco
(Eeken et al., 1985, Lefevre, 1981)
Dp(1;f)R
(Eeken et al., 1985)
Dp(1)weeb1
(Kemppainen et al., 2009)
Inferred from location ( 0 )
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal
lethal | larval stage
lethal | pharate adult stage
lethal | prepupal stage
lethal | pupal stage
lethal | recessive
lethal - all die before end of larval stage
lethal - all die before end of larval stage | recessive
lethal - all die before end of pupal stage
lethal - all die during embryonic stage | maternal effect
lethal - all die during embryonic stage | non-rescuable maternal effect
partially lethal - majority die
partially lethal - majority die | recessive
viable
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4Act.PU
viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
viable (with trol13)
viable (with trold8)
viable (with trolp4)
Sterility
Allele
female semi-sterile
female sterile
fertile
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal developmental rate | larval stage
abnormal immune response | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4NP6267
abnormal neuroanatomy | embryonic stage
abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage
abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage
abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PL
chemical sensitive | recessive
decreased occurrence of cell division | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4NP6267
decreased occurrence of cell division | larval stage
decreased occurrence of cell division | third instar larval stage
some die during embryonic stage | maternal effect
some die during embryonic stage | non-rescuable maternal effect
some die during larval stage
some die during larval stage | recessive
some die during pupal stage
some die during third instar larval stage
some die during third instar larval stage | recessive
visible
visible | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4hh.PU
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
adult optic lobe | third instar larval stage
adult posterior midgut epithelium, with Scer\GAL4NP6267
brain
embryonic/larval brain
embryonic/larval brain | third instar larval stage
embryonic/larval brain | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PL
embryonic/larval central nervous system
embryonic/larval hemocyte
embryonic/larval optic lobe
eye
eye | male
female reproductive system
follicle cell | somatic clone
haltere disc
larval brain & neuroblast
larval intersegmental nerve branch ISNb of A1-7 | embryonic stage
larval segmental nerve branch SNa of A1-7 | embryonic stage
larval ventral nerve cord | larval stage
larval ventral nerve cord | third instar larval stage
larval ventral nerve cord | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PL
metathoracic leg | male
neuroblast
neuroblast & larval brain
neuroblast | larval stage
neuroblast | third instar larval stage
posterior crossvein, with Scer\GAL4hh.PU
pupa
thoracic neuroblast | third instar larval stage
wing | male
wing disc
wing disc, with Avic\GFPdsRNA.shRNA.UAS.V20.3, Scer\GAL4SPARC-MI00329-GAL4
wing disc, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Homo sapiens (Human) (7)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Hsap\HSPG2
11 of 15
Yes
Yes
Hsap\AGRN
3 of 15
No
Yes
Hsap\EGFLAM
2 of 15
No
No
1  
Hsap\EYS
1 of 15
No
No
1  
Hsap\LAMC2
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\TMEFF1
1 of 15
No
Yes
Hsap\TMEFF2
1 of 15
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (7)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Mmus\Hspg2
9 of 15
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Agrn
3 of 15
No
Yes
Mmus\Egflam
2 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Lamc2
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Sspo
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Tmeff1
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Tmeff2
1 of 15
No
No
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (7)
Rnor\Agrn
3 of 13
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Egflam
2 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Hspg2
2 of 13
No
Yes
Rnor\Lamc2
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Sspo
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Tmeff1
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Tmeff2
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (4)
Xtro\hspg2
7 of 12
Yes
Yes
Xtro\agrn
3 of 12
No
Yes
Xtro\egflam
2 of 12
No
No
Xtro\tmeff1
1 of 12
No
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (12)
Drer\hspg2
4 of 15
Yes
Yes
Drer\agrn
2 of 15
No
No
Drer\egflam
2 of 15
No
No
Drer\lama4
2 of 15
No
No
Drer\lamc2
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\LOC101884253
1 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\scospondin
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\sid4
1 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\tmeff1b
1 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\tmeff2a
1 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\tmeff2b
1 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\ush2a
1 of 15
No
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (4)
Cele\unc-52
12 of 15
Yes
Yes
Cele\T19D12.6
2 of 15
No
No
Cele\agr-1
1 of 15
No
No
Cele\VC5.2
1 of 15
No
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
No records found.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
No records found.
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
No records found.
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (10)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
orthoMCL
Panther
RoundUp
Alignment
SP2353
3 of 10
dsd
2 of 10
LanA
2 of 10
LanB1
2 of 10
LanB2
2 of 10
Megf8
2 of 10
NetA
2 of 10
NetB
2 of 10
wb
2 of 10
eys
1 of 10
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
Disease Model Summary Ribbon
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
Allele
Disease
Evidence
References
Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 3 )
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 2 )
Allele
Disease
Interaction
References
trolKK105502
ameliorates  cancer
modeled by EgfrUAS.cBa, psqKK111691
(Herranz et al., 2014)
trolGL01153
ameliorates  cancer
modeled by EgfrUAS.cBa, psqKK111691
(Herranz et al., 2014)
Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0 and OMIM)
Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
Homo sapiens (Human)
Gene name
Score
OMIM
OMIM Phenotype
DO term
Complementation?
Transgene?
HSPG2; heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2
11 of 15
142461
AGRN; agrin
3 of 15
103320
Functional Complementation Data
Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
Interactions
Summary of Physical Interactions
esyN Network Diagram
Show neighbor-neighbor interactions:
Select Layout:
Legend:
Protein
RNA
Selected Interactor(s)
Interactions Browser
View in Interactions Browser
Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
protein-protein
Physical Interaction
Assay
References
trol - Dg
anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
(Schneider et al., 2006)
RNA-protein
Physical Interaction
Assay
References
trol - TBPH
pull down, quantitative reverse transcription pcr
(Swain et al., 2016)
trol - lark
pull down, quantitative reverse transcription pcr
(Swain et al., 2016)
Summary of Genetic Interactions
esyN Network Diagram
esyN Network Key:
Suppression
Enhancement
View in Interactions Browser
Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
trol
enhanceable
bnl
(Park et al., 2003)
trol
enhanceable
btl
(Park et al., 2003)
trol
suppressible
CycB
(Caldwell and Datta, 1998)
trol
suppressible
CycE
(Park et al., 2003, Caldwell and Datta, 1998)
eve|trol
suppressible
CycE
(Park et al., 2001)
trol
suppressible
Dp|E2f1
(Caldwell and Datta, 1998)
trol
enhanceable
eve
(Park et al., 2001, Park and Datta, 1998, Park et al., 1998)
trol
suppressible
eve
(Park et al., 1998)
trol
suppressible
Gyc76C
(Schleede and Blair, 2015)
trol
enhanceable
hh
(Park et al., 2003)
trol
enhanceable
ttv
(Park et al., 2003)
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
AdamTS-A
suppressible
trol
(Skeath et al., 2017)
Egfr
enhanceable
trol
(Herranz et al., 2014)
Egfr|psq
suppressible
trol
(Herranz et al., 2014)
Gyc76C
suppressible
trol
(Schleede and Blair, 2015)
hh
suppressible
trol
(Park et al., 2003)
PlexA
enhanceable
trol
(Cho et al., 2012)
Sema1a
enhanceable
trol
(Cho et al., 2012)
Sema1a
suppressible
trol
(Cho et al., 2012)
External Data
Linkouts
Pathways
Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
Negative Regulators of FGFR Signaling Pathway -
Negative regulators of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor signaling down-regulate the pathway, suppressing the activation of ERK kinase (rl) or acting on other effectors.
Positive Regulators of Hedgehog Signaling Pathway -
Positive regulators of hedgehog signaling up-regulate the pathway, resulting in the activation of transcription of hh-responsive genes.
Positive Regulators of FGFR Signaling Pathway -
Positive regulators of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor signaling up-regulate the pathway, enhancing the activation of ERK kinase (rl) or acting on other effectors.
Metabolic Pathways
External Data
Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
Chromosome (arm)
X
Recombination map
1-1
Cytogenetic map
3A1-3A4
Sequence location
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Evidence for location
3A1-3A4
Left limit from in situ hybridisation (FBrf0108529) Right limit from in situ hybridisation (FBrf0108529); Left limit from in situ hybridisation (FBrf0109189) Right limit from in situ hybridisation (FBrf0109189)
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Notes
References
3A3-3A4
(determined by in situ hybridisation)
(Peter et al., 2002, Schäfer et al., 1999.8.12)
3A-3A
(Friedrich, 2000.1.20, Baumgartner, 1999.9.23)
3A1-3A4
(determined by in situ hybridisation)
(Schäfer et al., 1999.3.29, Schäfer et al., 1999.6.15)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location

1-1

(FlyBase, 2016)

1-0.8

(Comeron et al., 2012)

1-1.04

Left of (cM)
(Judd et al., 1972)
Right of (cM)
(Judd et al., 1972)
Notes
Stocks and Reagents
Stocks (37)
Genomic Clones (37)
cDNA Clones (107)
 

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones
Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

    cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
    RNAi and Array Information
    Linkouts
    Antibody Information
    Laboratory Generated Antibodies
     

    polyclonal

    (Díaz-Torres et al., 2021, Friedrich et al., 2000)
    Commercially Available Antibodies
     
    Other Information
    Relationship to Other Genes
    Source for database identify of
    Source for database merge of

    Source for merge of: trol pcan

    (Datta et al., 2002, Voigt et al., 2002)

    Source for merge of: trol l(1)G0023 l(1)G0271 l(1)G0374

    (Voigt et al., 2002)

    Source for merge of: trol anon-WO0153538.72

    (FlyBase, 1996-)

    Source for merge of: pcan EG:BACR25B3.11

    (FlyBase, 1996-)

    Source for merge of: trol BcDNA:GM02481

    (FlyBase, 1996-)

    Source for merge of: EG:BACR25B3.11 CG7981

    (FlyBase, 1996-)

    Source for merge of: trol EG:BACR25B3.1 EG:BACR25B3.10

    (FlyBase, 1996-)

    Source for merge of: EG:BACR25B3.2 CG12497

    (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2005, FlyBase, 1996-)

    Source for merge of: trol MRE7

    (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2014)

    Source for merge of: trol l(1)G0021 l(1)G0181 l(1)G0412 l(1)G0019 l(1)G0211

    (FlyBase Curators, 2008-)
    Additional comments

    MRE7 corresponds to a portion of the 3' UTR of a short isoform of trol.

    (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2014)

    Source for merge of EG:BACR25B3.2 CG12497 was sequence comparison ( date:000425 ).

    (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2005, FlyBase, 1996-)

    "l(1)G0019" may affect "trol". "l(1)G0021" may affect "trol". "l(1)G0073" may affect "trol". "l(1)G0023" may affect "trol". "l(1)G0374" may affect "trol". "l(1)G0181" may affect "trol". "l(1)G0211" may affect "trol". "l(1)G0377" may affect "trol". "l(1)G0271" may affect "trol". "l(1)G0412" may affect "trol". "l(1)G0362" may affect "trol".

    (Peter et al., 2002)

    "l(1)G0021" may affect "trol".

    (Peter et al., 2002)

    "l(1)G0181" may affect "trol".

    (Peter et al., 2002)

    "l(1)G0412" may affect "trol".

    (Peter et al., 2002)

    "l(1)G0019" may affect "trol".

    (Peter et al., 2002)

    "l(1)G0211" may affect "trol".

    (Peter et al., 2002)

    "l(1)G0023" may affect "trol".

    (Peter et al., 2002)

    "l(1)G0271" may affect "trol".

    (Peter et al., 2002)

    "l(1)G0374" may affect "trol".

    (Peter et al., 2002)

    " EG:BACR25B3.2 " may correspond to "Scim4". Sequence analysis off ends of P{SUPor-P} in Scim insertion mutant places "Scim4" near/in " EG:BACR25B3.2 " and/or " EG:BACR25B3.3 ".

    (Dobie and Karpen, 2001.4.18)

    Source for merge of pcan EG:BACR25B3.11 was sequence comparison ( date:000228 ).

    (FlyBase, 1996-)

    Source for merge of trol BcDNA:GM02481 was a shared cDNA ( date:030728 ).

    (FlyBase, 1996-)

    Source for merge of trol anon-WO0153538.72 was sequence comparison ( date:051113 ).

    (FlyBase, 1996-)

    Source for merge of EG:BACR25B3.11 CG7981 was sequence comparison ( date:000425 ).

    (FlyBase, 1996-)
    Other Comments

    trol does not have an essential role in apical-basal follicle cell polarity.

    (Mirouse et al., 2013)

    trol is required for Sema-1a-plexA-mediated repulsive axon guidance.

    (Cho et al., 2012)

    Loss of trol increases basement membrane tension in a Collagen IV-dependent manner.

    (Pastor-Pareja and Xu, 2011)

    trol gene product is required for the activation of proliferation in quiescent optic lobe and thoracic neuroblasts.

    (Datta, 1995)

    trol acts downstream of ana, it is possible that trol may function to inactivate or bypass ana repression to activate cell proliferation. trol is required specifically to regulate initiation of proliferation and may be part of a switch that controls the transition from quiescence to active proliferation.

    (Datta, 1995)

    Mutations in trol cause optic lobe defects.

    (Datta and Kankel, 1992)

    Partial maternal insufficiency of trol does not cause embryonic lethality.

    (Robbins, 1990)

    Tight alleles <up>trol9, trol12, trol23, trol33</up> are polyphasic, dying during L2, L3 and post-puparial stages; cell viable. Semilethal alleles <up>trol2 and trol6</up> die as pupae; escapers have rough eyes, shriveled or blistered wings and crippled metathoracic legs; phenotype of X0 more extreme than that of XY males. XY escapers fertile but females sterile <up>trol2/trol2 and trol2/trol6</up> or nearly so <up>trol6/trol6</up>. The latter females sterile in crosses to trol6 males, but produce heterozygous daughters when outcrossed (Shannon, Kaufman, Shen and Judd, 1975). In line freed of sgg4 (Robbins), trol14 survives as epidermal clones and as oogenic clones, which produce lethal zygotes (Garcia-Bellido and Robbins, 1983).

    Origin and Etymology
    Discoverer
    Etymology
    Identification
    External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 175 )
    Sequence Crossreferences
    NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
    GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
    GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
    RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
    UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
    UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
    Other crossreferences
    AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
    DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
    EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
    FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
    FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
    InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
    KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
    MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
    Linkouts
    Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
    Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
    Synonyms and Secondary IDs (56)
    Reported As
    Symbol Synonym
    BcDNA:GM02481
    CG12497
    (Maines et al., 2007, Inoshita and Tanimura, 2006, Noselli, 2004.10.11, Dobie and Karpen, 2001.4.18, Benos, 2000.12.13, FlyBase, 1996-)
    CG33675
    CG33950
    (Neuert et al., 2017, Çiçek et al., 2016, Yamamoto-Hino et al., 2015, Yin et al., 2013, Jaspers et al., 2012, Cammarato et al., 2011, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009, Chang et al., 2008)
    CG7981
    (Blagden et al., 2009, Quinones-Coello, 2007, Fakhouri et al., 2006, Inoshita and Tanimura, 2006, Medioni and Noselli, 2005, Noselli, 2004.10.11, Bourbon et al., 2002, Labourier et al., 2002, Ashburner and Benos, 2000.5.16, Benos, 2000.12.13)
    CT23996
    (Vogel et al., 2003, Hynes and Zhao, 2000, Hynes and Zhao, 2000)
    EG:BACR25B3.1
    (Benos et al., 2001, Ashburner and Benos, 2000.5.16)
    EG:BACR25B3.10
    (Benos et al., 2001, Ashburner and Benos, 2000.5.16)
    EG:BACR25B3.11
    (Benos et al., 2001, Ashburner and Benos, 2000.5.16, Benos, 2000.12.13)
    EG:BACR25B3.2
    (Benos et al., 2001)
    GC7891
    (Park et al., 2003)
    MRE7
    (Kageyama, 2007.2.28, Inagaki et al., 2005)
    Pcan
    (Cerqueira Campos et al., 2020, Töpfer and Holz, 2020, Yang et al., 2019, Devergne et al., 2017, Devergne et al., 2014, Weavers and Skaer, 2013, Cho et al., 2012, Mirouse et al., 2009, Denef et al., 2008, Denef et al., 2008, Schneider and Baumgartner, 2008)
    Pcn
    (Richardson and Portela, 2018)
    Perl
    (Matsubayashi et al., 2020)
    Perlecan
    (Chen et al., 2019)
    TROL
    (Nguyen et al., 2016)
    Trol
    (Csordás et al., 2021, Dondi et al., 2021, Zhang et al., 2021, Ding et al., 2020, Nishihara, 2020, Zheng et al., 2020, David-Morrison et al., 2016, Yasugi and Nishimura, 2016, Yamamoto-Hino et al., 2015, Dani et al., 2012, Susic-Jung et al., 2012, Grigorian et al., 2011, Pastor-Pareja and Xu, 2011, Medioni et al., 2008, Sexton and Harrison, 2008)
    Trol-A
    (Kemppainen et al., 2009)
    Trol-B
    (Kemppainen et al., 2009)
    Troll
    (Chintapalli et al., 2013, Kallappagoudar et al., 2010)
    ZW-1
    (Paradi et al., 1983)
    anon-WO0153538.72
    l(1)3Ac
    (The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna)
    l(1)9-96
    l(1)G0019
    l(1)G0021
    l(1)G0023
    l(1)G0181
    l(1)G0211
    l(1)G0271
    l(1)G0374
    l(1)G0412
    l(1)VA51
    l(1)trol
    (Meinertzhagen and Hanson, 1993, Datta and Kankel, 1992, Datta and Kankel, 1991)
    l(1)zw1
    (Robbins, 1990, Lin and Wolfner, 1989, Garcia-Bellido and Robbins, 1983, Paradi et al., 1983, Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Lim and Snyder, 1974, Shannon et al., 1972)
    l(1)zwl
    (Mariani et al., 1985)
    pcan
    (Schneider et al., 2006, Lum et al., 2003, Friedrich et al., 2000, Baumgartner, 1999.9.23)
    trol
    (Anqueira-González et al., 2021, Ferguson et al., 2021, Lodge et al., 2021, Pang et al., 2021, Sun et al., 2021, Xie et al., 2021, Aboukilila et al., 2020, Csordás et al., 2020, Khoroshko et al., 2020, Kirkland et al., 2020, Kurmangaliyev et al., 2020, Matsubayashi et al., 2020, Mira and Morante, 2020, Parra and Johnston, 2020, Pastor-Pareja, 2020, Rushton et al., 2020, Statzer and Ewald, 2020, Sun et al., 2020, Theis et al., 2020, Töpfer and Holz, 2020, Berlandi et al., 2019, Chen et al., 2019, FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2019-, Kanda et al., 2019, Maksimov and Koryakov, 2019, Proag et al., 2019, Ramos-Lewis and Page-McCaw, 2019, Thuveson et al., 2019, Wittes and Schüpbach, 2019, Croset et al., 2018, Dai et al., 2018, Ramos-Lewis et al., 2018, Crest et al., 2017, Kamimura and Maeda, 2017, Neuert et al., 2017, Skeath et al., 2017, Takemura and Nakato, 2017, Kuleesha et al., 2016, Dequéant et al., 2015, Gene Disruption Project members, 2015-, Li et al., 2015, Lin et al., 2015, Schleede and Blair, 2015, Zang et al., 2015, Ashwal-Fluss et al., 2014, DeSalvo et al., 2014, Devergne et al., 2014, FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2014, Kim and Choe, 2014, You et al., 2014, Grigorian et al., 2013, Lerner et al., 2013, McPhee et al., 2013, Ozkan et al., 2013, Wang et al., 2013, Webber et al., 2013, Dani et al., 2012, Hayashi et al., 2012, Hong et al., 2012, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Fay et al., 2011, Friedman et al., 2011, Nagaosa et al., 2011, Bunt et al., 2010, Campbell et al., 2009, Flaherty et al., 2009, Brandt et al., 2008, Chang et al., 2008, Junion et al., 2007, Lindner et al., 2007, Lindner et al., 2007, Quinones-Coello, 2007, Beller et al., 2006, Schneider et al., 2006, Lear et al., 2005, Torroja et al., 2005, Park et al., 2003, Voigt et al., 2002, Datta, 1999)
    troll
    zw-1
    (Nomura and Kurokawa, 1997, Kramers et al., 1991, Kramers et al., 1983, Liu and Lim, 1975)
    zw1
    (Montgomery et al., 1991, Pastink et al., 1990, Goldberg et al., 1989, Lefevre and Watkins, 1986, Schalet, 1986, Eeken et al., 1985, Robbins, 1983, Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Lefevre, 1981, Judd et al., 1972)
    Name Synonyms
    Perlecan
    (Smith et al., 2020, Töpfer and Holz, 2020, Banerjee et al., 2019, Skouloudaki et al., 2019, Battistini and Tamagnone, 2016, Pearson et al., 2016, Kim and Choe, 2014, Sitaram et al., 2014, Yatsenko et al., 2014, Drechsler et al., 2013, Sotillos et al., 2013, Gates, 2012, Laprise and Tepass, 2011, Pastor-Pareja and Xu, 2011, Guha et al., 2009, Mirouse et al., 2009, Urbano et al., 2009, Denef et al., 2008, Schneider and Baumgartner, 2008, Vyas et al., 2008, Murakami et al., 2007, Fakhouri et al., 2006, Hobert et al., 2004, Vogel et al., 2004, Kramer and Yost, 2003, Vogel et al., 2003, Nybakken and Perrimon, 2002, Voigt et al., 2002, Brown et al., 2000)
    Terribly reduced optic lobes
    (Nishihara, 2020, Medioni et al., 2008)
    Trol/perlecan
    (Girard et al., 2006)
    dPerlecan
    (Yamamoto-Hino et al., 2015)
    lethal (1) G0019
    lethal (1) G0021
    lethal (1) G0023
    lethal (1) G0181
    lethal (1) G0211
    lethal (1) G0271
    lethal (1) G0374
    lethal (1) G0412
    mRNA-like ncRNA in embryogenesis 7
    perlecan
    (Sekiguchi and Yamada, 2018, Skeath et al., 2017, Herranz et al., 2014, Mirouse et al., 2013, Weavers and Skaer, 2013, Beck et al., 2012, Gates, 2012, Xie and Auld, 2011, Martinek et al., 2008, Medioni et al., 2008, Yan and Lin, 2007, Girard et al., 2006, Husain et al., 2006, Steigemann et al., 2004, Princivalle and de Agostini, 2002, Brown, 2000, Friedrich et al., 2000, Baumgartner, 1999.9.23)
    terribly reduced optic lobes
    (Jaspers et al., 2012, Cammarato et al., 2011, Fay et al., 2011, Flaherty et al., 2009, Chang et al., 2008, Voigt et al., 2002, Datta, 1999)
    Secondary FlyBase IDs
    • FBgn0267911
    • FBgn0261451
    • FBgn0001402
    • FBgn0027946
    • FBgn0029620
    • FBgn0029621
    • FBgn0040379
    • FBgn0040380
    • FBgn0040381
    • FBgn0045878
    • FBgn0053675
    • FBgn0053950
    • FBgn0063205
    • FBgn0026710
    • FBgn0027241
    • FBgn0028307
    • FBgn0086539
    • FBgn0067759
    • FBgn0028348
    • FBgn0028284
    • FBgn0067760
    • FBgn0027269
    Datasets (8)
    Study focus (0)
    Experimental Role
    Project
    Project Type
    Title
    Study result (8)
    Result
    Result Type
    Title
    scRNAseq_2020_Cattenoz_NI_seq_clustering
    Clustering analysis of hemocytes from non-infested third instar larvae
    scRNAseq_2020_Cattenoz_WI_seq_clustering
    Clustering analysis of hemocytes from wasp-infested third instar larvae
    scRNAseq_2020_Cho_NI72LG_seq_clustering
    Clustering analysis of lymph gland cells from non-infested larvae at 72 h after egg-laying
    scRNAseq_2020_Cho_NI96LG_seq_clustering
    Clustering analysis of lymph gland cells from non-infested larvae at 96 h after egg-laying
    scRNAseq_2020_Cho_NI120LG_seq_clustering
    Clustering analysis of lymph gland cells from non-infested larvae at 120 h after egg-laying
    scRNAseq_2020_Cho_WI96LG_seq_clustering
    Clustering analysis of lymph gland cells from wasp-infested larvae at 96 h after egg-laying
    scRNAseq_2020_Cho_NI96HL_seq_clustering
    Clustering analysis of circulating hemocytes from non-infested larvae at 96 h after egg-laying
    scRNAseq_2020_Cho_NI120HL_seq_clustering
    Clustering analysis of circulating hemocytes from non-infested larvae at 120 h after egg-laying
    References (312)