Human Disease Model Report: cancer, multiple, RAF1-related

General Information

Name

cancer, multiple, RAF1-related

FlyBase ID

FBhh0000558

Disease Ontology Term

cancer

Parent Disease

OMIM

Overview

The RAF genes encode serine/threonine-protein kinases that act as links between the membrane-associated RAS GTPases and the MAPK/ERK cascade. The RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK pathway impacts proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and oncogenic transformation; as might be expected, many of the genes in the pathway are implicated in the development of cancer (see also FBhh0000474). This report describes a fly model that uses an activated form of the human RAF1 gene expressed in specific stem cells; in human, this gene is implicated in multiple diseases (see MIM:164760; FBhh0000131, FBhh0000132, FBhh0000156). There are two additional RAF genes in human, ARAF and BRAF. In Drosophila, there is a single orthologous gene, Dmel\Raf, for which classical amorphic and hypomorphic mutations, RNAi-targeting constructs, and alleles caused by insertional mutagenesis have been generated.

Multiple constructs of the human Hsap\RAF1 gene have been introduced into flies. Functional conservation between the human and fly genes has been demonstrated in fly several systems; for example, an activated form of the human gene has been shown to recapitulate phenotypes observed for an activated form of, or overexpression of, the fly gene. A UAS construct of a tagged human Hsap\BRAF gene has also been introduced into flies, but has not been characterized in the context of a cancer disease model.

A model of stem cell tumors utilizes the GAL4-UAS system to express an activated form of Hsap\RAF1 (amino truncation, resulting in constitutive kinase activity) in intestinal stem cells (ISCs). This model system has allowed efficient screening of chemotherapeutic agents and multi-drug combinations. See also the human disease model report 'cancer, intestinal stem cell models' (FBhh0000767).

A UAS construct of a constitutively activated form of Dmel\Raf (Raf^UAS.F179), driven by a glia-specific GAL4, has been to investigate glioma. Using a GAL4 driver expressed in intestinal stem cells to drive expression of the constitutively activated form of Dmel\Raf, it has been demonstrated that surrounding cells undergo apoptosis, and that these tumor-neighboring cells provide nutrients to sustain tumor growth.

Animals homozygous for amorphic mutations of Dmel\Raf exhibit lethality in the late larval stage; imaginal discs are undeveloped. Embryos lacking all Dmel\Raf activity (derived from homozygous null germline clones in the mother and not rescued by paternal contribution) die in early embryogenesis. Many genetic and physical interactions of Dmel\Raf have been described; see below and in the Raf gene report.

[updated Jun. 2021 by FlyBase; FBrf0222196]

Disease Summary Information

Disease Summary: cancer, multiple, RAF1-related

OMIM report

Human gene(s) implicated

Symptoms and phenotype

Genetics

Cellular phenotype and pathology

Molecular information

RAF1 encodes a MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K), which functions downstream of the Ras family of membrane-associated GTPases, to which it binds directly. Once activated, the cellular RAF1 protein can phosphorylate to activate the dual-specificity protein kinases MEK1 and MEK2, which in turn phosphorylate to activate the serine/threonine specific protein kinases, ERK1 and ERK2. Activated ERKs are pleiotropic effectors of cell physiology and play an important role in the control of gene expression involved in the cell division cycle, apoptosis, cell differentiation and cell migration. [NCBI Gene, human RAF1; 2017.06.19]

(FlyBase Curators, 2013-)

RAF1 encodes a serine/threonine-protein kinase that acts as a regulatory link between the membrane-associated Ras GTPases and the MAPK/ERK cascade; this critical regulatory link functions as a switch determining cell fate decisions including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, survival and oncogenic transformation. RAF1 activation initiates a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade that comprises a sequential phosphorylation of the dual-specific MAPK kinases (MAP2K1/MEK1 and MAP2K2/MEK2) and the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (MAPK3/ERK1 and MAPK1/ERK2). [from UniProt, P04049; 2017.06.19]

(FlyBase Curators, 2013-)

External links

COSMIC gene: RAF1
Gene2Function (human gene): RAF1
Gene Cards: RAF1
MedlinePlus (gene): RAF1
KEGG Disease Pathways: Pathways in Cancer
MARRVEL (human gene): RAF1
NCBI (Entrez) gene: RAF1; Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase

Disease synonyms

cancer, multiple, RAF-related

Related Diseases

Related human health report(s)

cancer, epithelial, RAF-Hippo-signaling

cancer, epithelial, RAF-SCRIB-related

cancer, intestinal stem cell models

cancer, multiple, BRAF-related

cancer, multiple, RAF-RHOGEF-related

cancer, multiple, RAS-related

dilated cardiomyopathy 1NN

Noonan syndrome 5

Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines 2

Ortholog Information

Human gene(s) in FlyBase

Hsap\RAF1

Human gene (HGNC)

Symbol / Name

RAF1; Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase

D. melanogaster ortholog (based on DIOPT)

Dmel\Raf

(DIOPT, 2013-)

Comments on ortholog(s)

Many to one: 3 human to 1 Drosophila. The three human genes are RAF1, BRAF, and ARAF.

Other mammalian ortholog(s) used

D. melanogaster Gene Information (1)

Dmel\Raf

Gene Snapshot

Raf oncogene (Raf) encodes a serine-threonine protein kinase that acts downstream of the product of Ras85D. It activates the MEK/ERK pathway to regulate cell proliferation, differentiation and survival downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases such as those encoded by tor, Egfr, and sev. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]

Molecular function (GO)

Cellular component (GO)

Gene Groups / Pathways

Comments on ortholog(s)

High-scoring ortholog of human RAF1, BRAF, and ARAF (1 Drosophila to 3 human); Dmel\Raf shares 43-47% identity and 56-60% similarity with the human genes.

Orthologs and Alignments from DRSC

DIOPT - DRSC Integrative Ortholog Prediction Tool - Click the link below to search for orthologs in Humans

H. sapiens (Human)

Other Genes Used: Viral, Bacterial, Synthetic (0)

Summary of Physical Interactions (90 groups)

Raf

protein-protein

Interacting group

Assay

References

Raf - 14-3-3ε

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - 14-3-3ζ

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - Act42A

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - Aldh

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - Apl

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - Arc1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - AspRS-m

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - ave

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, pull down, anti tag western blot

(Maisonneuve et al., 2024)

Raf - BCAS2

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - βCOP

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, anti tag western blot

(Friedman et al., 2011, Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - βTub60D

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - βTub97EF

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - blanks

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - CCT1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - Cdc37

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - CG3651

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - CG6961

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - CG9775

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - CG11417

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - CG11999

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - CG13117

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - CkIIα

enzymatic study, autoradiography

(Stark et al., 2011)

Raf - cnk

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, two hybrid, peptide massfingerprinting

(Maisonneuve et al., 2024, Friedman et al., 2011, Therrien et al., 1998)

Raf - CSN8

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - CtsL1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - Dlc90F

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - drk

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - Dsor1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, peptide massfingerprinting, two hybrid

(Maisonneuve et al., 2024, Friedman et al., 2011, Therrien et al., 1998)

Raf - eEF2

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - eIF4A

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - Eip63E

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - fmt

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011, Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - galla-2

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - GckIII

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Friedman and Perrimon, 2006)

Raf - GCS2β

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, anti tag western blot

(Friedman et al., 2011, Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - Gfat2

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - Gyf

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - Hrb87F

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - Hsp60A

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - Hsp70Ab

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - Hsp83

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - Ipo9

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - Kcmf1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - krz

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Tipping et al., 2010)

Raf - ksr

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, peptide massfingerprinting

(Maisonneuve et al., 2024, Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - Lk6

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - Mcad

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - morgue

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - NAT1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - nesd

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - Nfs1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - Nup50

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - Past1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - Pdha1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - PH4αEFB

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - pic

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - PpV

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011, Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - Psa

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - Pyk

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - Rack1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - Rap1

two hybrid, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Ding et al., 2010, Mishra et al., 2005)

Raf - Ras64B

pull down, autoradiography

(Vega-Cuesta et al., 2020, Yang and Terman, 2012)

Raf - Ras85D

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, two hybrid, pull down

(Yang and Terman, 2012, Ding et al., 2010, Mishra et al., 2005)

Raf - rl

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - RpL3

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - RpL17

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - RpL27

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - RpL27A

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - RpL28

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - RpL35A

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - Rpn1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - RpS15Aa

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - RpS18

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - RpS26

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - RpS27A

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - Rpt1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - Rpt5

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - ScsβA

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - SERCA

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - sesB

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - shv

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - sip2

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - Slik

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Hipfner and Cohen, 2003)

Raf - SPARC

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - Ssb-c31a

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - TBPH

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - Tim23

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - Tkt

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - wal

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Raf - yata

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Alleles Reported to Model Human Disease (Disease Ontology) (17 alleles)

Raf

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 5 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Raf^F22.hs

model of cancer

CEA

(Zhao et al., 2021)

Raf^UAS.F179

model of cancer

CEA with RhoGEF2^RE.UAS

(Khoo et al., 2013)

CEA

(Xu et al., 2023, Ren et al., 2022, Brás et al., 2021, Lee et al., 2021, Pfeifle et al., 2019)

CEA with scrib¹

(Yang et al., 2022)

model of carcinoma

CEA with scrib¹

(Wei et al., 2021, Uhlirova et al., 2005)

Raf^{A572E.UAS.Tag:FLAG}

model of cancer

CEA

(Pfeifle et al., 2019)

Raf^CA.UAS.cUa

model of high grade glioma

CEA

(Xie et al., 2023)

Raf^RNAi.UAS.cUa

model of cardiomyopathy

CEA

(Yu et al., 2013)

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 10 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Raf¹²

ameliorates neurofibromatosis

modeled by Nf1^E2

(Walker et al., 2006)

Raf⁷

ameliorates multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B

modeled by Ret^MEN2B.UAS

(Sonoshita et al., 2018)

Raf^DN.UAS

ameliorates carcinoma

modeled by Ras85D^V12.UAS

(Zoranovic et al., 2018)

Raf^F22.hs

model of cancer

is ameliorated by slif^UY681

(Zhao et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by Atg1^HMS02750

(Zhao et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by Atg101^6h

(Zhao et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by Atg16^MI00187

(Zhao et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by Atg5^HMS01244

(Zhao et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by Atg6^HMS01483

(Zhao et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by Balat^HMC06377

(Zhao et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by CarT^HMC04919

(Zhao et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by Cat^UAS.cAa

(Zhao et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by bsk^HMS00777

(Zhao et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by bsk^K53R.UAS

(Zhao et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by slif^HMC05846

(Zhao et al., 2021)

Raf^UAS.F179

model of cancer

is ameliorated by Atg1^UAS.cSa

(Lee et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by dind^{RNAi.UAS.RNAi}

(Ren et al., 2022)

is exacerbated by Mps1^GL00184

(Brás et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by Mps1^HMS01546

(Brás et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by mad2^GLC01381

(Brás et al., 2021)

exacerbates gastrointestinal system cancer

modeled by Apc2^g10, Apc^Q8

(Wang et al., 2013)

exacerbates carcinoma

modeled by ft^k07918

(Garoia et al., 2005)

modeled by ft^G-rv

(Garoia et al., 2005)

model of carcinoma

is ameliorated by hep^Act.UAS

(Uhlirova et al., 2005)

exacerbates cancer

modeled by Mps1^GL00184

(Brás et al., 2021)

modeled by Mps1^HMS01546

(Brás et al., 2021)

modeled by mad2^GLC01381

(Brás et al., 2021)

exacerbates hematologic cancer

modeled by mxc¹

(Kurihara et al., 2020)

Raf^XS-2541

ameliorates carcinoma

modeled by Ras85D^V12.UAS

(Karim and Rubin, 1998)

modeled by Ras85D^V12.ey

(Karim and Rubin, 1998)

Raf^GD9831

ameliorates Huntington's disease

modeled by Hsap\HTT^NT.128Q.UAS

(Miller et al., 2012)

Raf^KK100982

ameliorates autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia

modeled by Hsap\ATXN1^82Q.UAS

(Park et al., 2013)

Raf^GL01125

ameliorates hematologic cancer

modeled by mxc¹

(Kurihara et al., 2020)

Raf^CA.UAS.cUa

model of high grade glioma

is ameliorated by slo^JF02146

(Xie et al., 2023)

is ameliorated by slo^KO

(Xie et al., 2023)

is exacerbated by slo^UAS.cXa

(Xie et al., 2023)

is ameliorated by slo^HMC04093

(Xie et al., 2023)

Hsap\RAF1

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 5 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Hsap\RAF1^gof.UAS

model of cardiomyopathy

CEA

(Yu et al., 2013)

model of Noonan syndrome

CEA

(Yu et al., 2015)

model of cancer

CEA

(Wang et al., 2023, Markstein et al., 2014)

CEA with Pi3K92E^{UAS.Tag:MYC,Tag:PM(hKRAS)}

(Wang et al., 2023)

Hsap\RAF1^S259A.UAS

model of Noonan syndrome

CEA

(Das et al., 2021)

Hsap\RAF1^S257L.UAS

model of Noonan syndrome

CEA

(Das et al., 2021)

Hsap\RAF1^L613V.UAS

model of Noonan syndrome

CEA

(Das et al., 2021)

Hsap\RAF1^D486G.UAS

model of Noonan syndrome

CEA

(Das et al., 2021)

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Hsap\RAF1^gof.UAS

model of cardiomyopathy

is ameliorated by Dsor1^RNAi.UAS.cUa

(Yu et al., 2013)

is ameliorated by rl^RNAi.UAS.cUa

(Yu et al., 2013)

is ameliorated by Dsor1^RNAi.UAS.cUa

(Yu et al., 2013)

model of Noonan syndrome

is ameliorated by yki^JF03119

(Yu et al., 2015)

is ameliorated by Tgi^UAS.B

(Yu et al., 2015)

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Genetic Tools, Stocks and Reagents

Sources of Stocks

Contact lab of origin for a reagent not available from a public stock center.

Bloomington Stock Center Disease Page

Related mammalian, viral, bacterial, or synthetic transgenes

Allele

Transgene

Publicly Available Stocks

P{UAS-cRaf1.gof}ra2, y¹ w^*

Hsap\RAF1^{Δ305.FRT.αTub84B.Tag:Myr(Src64B)}

P{Hsap\RAF1.Delta305.FRT}

Hsap\RAF1^{Δ305.αTub84B.Tag:Myr(Src64B)}

P{Hsap\RAF1.Delta305.alphaTub84B}

Selected Drosophila transgenes

Allele

Transgene

Publicly Available Stocks

Raf^{A572E.UAS.Tag:FLAG}

P{UAS-Raf.A572E.FLAG}

w^*; P{UAS-Raf.gof}F179

Raf^F22.hs

P{Hsp70-Draf.gof}

w^*; P{Hsp70-Draf.gof}3/TM3, Sb¹

Raf^DN.UAS

P{UAS-raf^DN}

RNAi constructs available

Allele

Transgene

Publicly Available Stocks

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD9831}v20909

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.JF01185}attP2

Raf^JF01483

P{TRiP.JF01483}

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.JF01483}attP2

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.GL01125}attP40

Raf^HMC03854

P{TRiP.HMC03854}

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.HMC03854}attP2

Raf^HMC04133

P{TRiP.HMC04133}

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.HMC04133}attP2

Selected Drosophila classical alleles

Allele

Allele class

Mutagen

Publicly Available Stocks

Raf⁹²⁶

loss of function allele

ethyl methanesulfonate

Raf^raf-1

amorphic allele - genetic evidence

nitrosomethyl urea

Raf^XS-2541

X ray

Raf^raf-2

loss of function allele

Raf¹

amorphic allele - genetic evidence

X ray

Raf^400B8

amorphic allele - genetic evidence

1,2-dichloroethane

Raf¹¹

amorphic allele - genetic evidence

spontaneous

Raf¹¹/FM6, l(1)FMa¹/Dp(1;Y)Bar^Sw⁺y⁺

Raf^C2Z2

amorphic allele - genetic evidence

ethyl methanesulfonate

Raf⁷

loss of function allele

ethyl methanesulfonate

Raf⁷/FM7a

Raf¹²

hycanthon methanesulfonate

y¹ w^a Raf¹²/FM6, wⁱ Myc⁺

Raf¹⁰⁷

amorphic allele - genetic evidence

ethyl methanesulfonate

Raf⁶

amorphic allele - genetic evidence

ethyl methanesulfonate

Raf^X1

amorphic allele - genetic evidence

X ray

Raf⁵

amorphic allele - genetic evidence

ethyl methanesulfonate

References (22)

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