Human Disease Model Report: hypoxia adaptation and chronic mountain sickness

General Information

Name

hypoxia adaptation and chronic mountain sickness

FlyBase ID

FBhh0000796

Disease Ontology Term

polycythemia due to hypoxia

Parent Disease

OMIM

CHRONIC MOUNTAIN SICKNESS, SUSCEPTIBILITY TO

Overview

Drosophila populations adapted to survive at low levels of oxygen have been selected over many generations and have been used in studies of hypoxia adaptation. Notch (N) and genes encoding or regulating the Notch pathway appear to be under selection in these populations. Knockdown or loss of function of N reduces hypoxia tolerance; gain-of function mutations enhance tolerance. Other genes that appear to be under selection, and also appear to be under positive selection in high-altitude populations, include tzn (named for Tenzing Norgay), phu (named for Phurba Tashi), plh (named for Pasang Lhamu), and Arl8.

Based on a GWAS analysis of chronic mountain sickness (CMS) and non-CMS individuals in high-altitude populations, a number of candidate genes for adaptation to long-term exposure to hypoxia were identified. These were assessed in Drosophila using the orthologous fly genes. When down-regulated via RNAi, a number of the candidate genes were observed to significantly enhance hypoxia tolerance, including orthologs of known HIF (hypoxia-inducible factor) genes such as Ulp1 (orthologous to human SENP1). In addition, orthologs of several HIF-independent genes were observed to enhance hypoxia tolerance when down-regulated: Blimp-1 (orthologous to human PRDM1) and Oseg1 (orthologous to human IFT122).

[updated Mar. 2021 by FlyBase; FBrf0222196]

Disease Summary Information

Disease Summary: hypoxia adaptation and chronic mountain sickness

OMIM report

[CHRONIC MOUNTAIN SICKNESS, SUSCEPTIBILITY TO](https://omim.org/entry/616182)

Human gene(s) implicated

[CHRONIC MOUNTAIN SICKNESS, SUSCEPTIBILITY TO](https://omim.org/entry/616182)

Symptoms and phenotype

Chronic mountain sickness (CMS), or Monge disease, represents a state of maladaptation to high-altitude hypoxia in a member of a population acclimatized to high altitudes. CMS is characterized by severe polycythemia and an array of neurologic symptoms, including headache, fatigue, somnolence, and depression. Often, people with CMS suffer from strokes and myocardial infarctions in early adulthood because of increased blood viscosity. Studies have shown that CMS is common in Andeans, found occasionally in Tibetans, and absent from the Ethiopian population living on the East African high-altitude plateau (summary by Zhou et al., 2013; pubmed:23954164). Acute mountain sickness is experienced by unacclimatized travelers exposed to high altitude.

(OMIM, 2013-)

Genetics

Cellular phenotype and pathology

Molecular information

External links

Disease synonyms

chronic mountain sickness, susceptibility to

CMS

Monge's disease

Monge disease

Related Diseases

Related human health report(s)

cardiac function, response to hypoxia

Ortholog Information

Human gene(s) in FlyBase

Other mammalian ortholog(s) used

D. melanogaster Gene Information (1)

Dmel\N

Gene Snapshot

Contributions welcome

Molecular function (GO)

Cellular component (GO)

Gene Groups / Pathways

Comments on ortholog(s)

High-scoring ortholog of human NOTCH1, NOTCH2, and NOTCH3; lower-scoring ortholog of NOTCH4.

Orthologs and Alignments from DRSC

DIOPT - DRSC Integrative Ortholog Prediction Tool - Click the link below to search for orthologs in Humans

H. sapiens (Human)

Other Genes Used: Viral, Bacterial, Synthetic (0)

Summary of Physical Interactions (54 groups)

protein-protein

Interacting group

Assay

References

electron microscopy, molecular weight, two hybrid, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay

(Kelly et al., 2010, Pei and Baker, 2008, Fortini and Artavanis-Tsakonas, 1994)

N - Abl

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Koca et al., 2022)

N - Akap200

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti tag western blot

(Bala Tannan et al., 2018)

N - arm

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Koca et al., 2022, Hayward et al., 2005)

N - baz

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Wu et al., 2024)

N - Caf1-55

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Yu et al., 2013)

N - Caf1-105

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Yu et al., 2013)

N - Caf1-180

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Yu et al., 2013)

N - Cdk8

pull down, western blot

(Park et al., 2003)

N - CG10916

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

N - Chi

pull down, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation

(Sachan et al., 2015)

N - cno

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, two hybrid, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, autoradiography

(Pérez-Gómez et al., 2013, Carmena et al., 2006)

N - crb

proximity ligation assay, fluorescence microscopy

(Nemetschke and Knust, 2016)

N - D

affinity technology, tag visualisation by alkaline phosphatase activity

(Pérez et al., 2005)

N - Dab

pull down, autoradiography, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation

(Kannan et al., 2018, Le Gall et al., 2008, Le Gall and Giniger, 2004, Giniger, 1998)

N - Delta

affinity technology, tag visualisation by alkaline phosphatase activity, atomic force microscopy, tag visualisation, inferred by author, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, bead aggregation assay, fluorescence microscopy, cross-linking study, phenotype-based detection assay, pull down

(Pandey et al., 2019, Yamamoto et al., 2012, Acar et al., 2008, Pei and Baker, 2008, Xu et al., 2007, Parks et al., 2006, Ahimou et al., 2004, Bruckner et al., 2000, Wesley, 1999, Rebay et al., 1991, Fehon et al., 1990)

N - dsh

pull down, western blot, autoradiography, two hybrid, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation

(Capilla et al., 2012, Muñoz-Descalzo et al., 2010, Hayward et al., 2005, Ramain et al., 2001, Axelrod et al., 1996)

N - dx

two hybrid, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti tag western blot, cosedimentation in solution, predetermined participant, nuclear magnetic resonance

(Carter et al., 2023, Shimizu et al., 2014, Muñoz-Descalzo et al., 2010, Matsuno et al., 1995, Diederich et al., 1994)

N - Eogt

enzymatic study

(Sakaidani et al., 2011)

N - htk

two hybrid, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Singh et al., 2019)

N - Kap-α3

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, pull down, two hybrid

(Sachan et al., 2013)

N - kuz

protease assay, western blot, inferred by author

(Pan and Rubin, 1997)

N - lilli

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Liu et al., 2017)

N - mam

three hybrid, protein three hybrid, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Gahr et al., 2019, Nagel et al., 2017, Yuan et al., 2016, Maier et al., 2011, Veraksa et al., 2005, Petcherski and Kimble, 2000)

N - MED17

pull down, western blot

(Park et al., 2003)

N - MED21

pull down, western blot

(Park et al., 2003)

N - MED31

pull down, western blot

(Park et al., 2003)

N - msn

coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Mishra et al., 2015)

N - ND-30

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Lee et al., 2013)

N - Nedd4

pull down, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation

(Sakata et al., 2004)

N - numb

two hybrid, pull down, autoradiography

(Guo et al., 1996)

N - O-fut1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti tag western blot

(Sasamura et al., 2007, Okajima et al., 2005)

N - Pink1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Lee et al., 2013)

N - Pngl

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

N - polo

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

N - pyd

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Shimizu et al., 2017)

N - Rbfox1

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Shukla et al., 2017)

N - sca

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Petruccelli et al., 2018)

N - Ser

fluorescence microscopy, inferred by author, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, cross-linking study, western blot, affinity technology, tag visualisation by alkaline phosphatase activity, pull down, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, bead aggregation assay, tag visualisation, confocal microscopy

(Pandey et al., 2019, Fleming et al., 2013, Pérez-Gómez et al., 2013, Yamamoto et al., 2012, Kim et al., 2010, Xu et al., 2007, Pérez et al., 2005, Wesley, 1999, Rebay et al., 1991)

N - shg

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Sasaki et al., 2007)

N - spdo

pull down, anti tag western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation

(Upadhyay et al., 2013, O'Connor-Giles and Skeath, 2003)

N - Su(dx)

pull down, molecular weight estimation by staining, western blot, nuclear magnetic resonance, autoradiography, isothermal titration calorimetry, predetermined participant

(Yao et al., 2018, Jennings et al., 2007, Wilkin et al., 2004)

N - Su(H)

pull down, anti tag western blot, cosedimentation, autoradiography, three hybrid, molecular sieving, molecular weight estimation by staining, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, two hybrid, isothermal titration calorimetry, predetermined participant, protein three hybrid, electron microscopy, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, electrophoretic mobility supershift assay, coimmunoprecipitation

N - Taf9

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Xie et al., 2014)

N - Traf6

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, pull down, two hybrid

(Mishra et al., 2014)

N - trio

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Kannan et al., 2018, Le Gall et al., 2008)

N - uif

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Loubéry et al., 2014)

N - Vps26

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Li et al., 2018)

N - Vps35

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Li et al., 2018)

N - wg

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, cross-linking study, western blot

(Wesley, 1999)

N - wry

inferred by author, confocal microscopy, bead aggregation assay

(Kim et al., 2010)

N - zip

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry, western blot, anti tag western blot

(Verma et al., 2024)

RNA-protein

Interacting group

Assay

References

N - Sxl

nucleic acid uv cross-linking assay, autoradiography, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr

(Penn and Schedl, 2007)

N - TBPH

pull down, quantitative reverse transcription pcr

(Swain et al., 2016)

Alleles Reported to Model Human Disease (Disease Ontology) (24 alleles)

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 11 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

N^DN.UAS.cUa

model of cancer

CEA with Ras85D^V12.cUa.UAS

(Lee et al., 2021)

CEA

(Lee et al., 2021, Tamamouna et al., 2021)

CEA with Ras85D^V12.UAS

(Xu et al., 2023)

model of intestinal cancer

CEA

(Singh et al., 2016)

N^ICN.UAS

model of cancer

CEA

(Wang et al., 2021, Harsh and Eleftherianos, 2020)

CEA with Mef2^UAS.cUa

(Harsh and Eleftherianos, 2020)

model of carcinoma

CEA with Mef2^UAS.cUa

(Pallavi et al., 2012)

CEA with egr^UAS.cUa

(Pallavi et al., 2012)

model of brain cancer

CEA

(Wang et al., 2006)

N^UAS.cMa

model of adenoid cystic carcinoma

CEA with Hsap\MYB^ΔC.UAS, Xpd^{RNAi.UAS.012.1}, ft^{RNAi.UAS.012.1}, kug^{RNAi.UAS.012.1}

(Bangi et al., 2021)

CEA with Hsap\MYB^ΔC.UAS, Xpd^{RNAi.UAS.012.2}, ft^{RNAi.UAS.012.2}, kug^{RNAi.UAS.012.2}

(Bangi et al., 2021)

N^UAS.icd

model of central nervous system cancer

CEA

(Zacharioudaki et al., 2016)

N^RNAi.P.UAS

model of intestinal cancer

CEA

(Chen et al., 2021)

CEA with mys^GD15002

(Chen et al., 2021)

model of cancer

CEA with Ras85D^V12.UAS

(Tamamouna et al., 2021)

N^int.U.UAS

model of cervical cancer

CEA with Hsap\UBE3A^UAS.cRa, HPV18\E6^UAS.Tag:MYC

(Padash Barmchi et al., 2016)

model of adenocarcinoma

CEA

(Casas-Tintó et al., 2016)

CEA with wupA^f06492

(Casas-Tintó et al., 2016)

model of central nervous system cancer

CEA

(Magadi et al., 2020, Zacharioudaki et al., 2016)

model of carcinoma

CEA with l(2)gl^GD4047

(Jevitt et al., 2021)

N^{UAS.Tag:V5,Tag:polyHis}

model of brain cancer

CEA

(Ojha et al., 2022)

model of cancer

CEA

(Khaket et al., 2024)

N^RNAi.UAS.cUa

model of intestinal cancer

CEA

(Ayyaz et al., 2015)

N^GD144

model of alcohol use disorder

CEA

(Petruccelli et al., 2018)

N^GD14477

model of intestinal cancer

CEA

(Banreti et al., 2022)

model of colorectal cancer

CEA

(Zipper et al., 2022)

N^HD_CFD01184

model of intestinal cancer

CEC with Spyo\Cas9^UAS.uM.-FRT

(Bahuguna et al., 2021)

CEC with Spyo\Cas9^UAS.P2

(Bahuguna et al., 2021)

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 21 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

N^DN.UAS.cUa

model of cancer

is ameliorated by wg^JF01257

(Lee et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by Atg1^UAS.cSa

(Lee et al., 2021)

ameliorates carcinoma

modeled by Vps25^N55

(Herz et al., 2006)

ameliorates intestinal cancer

modeled by yki^{S111A.S168A.S250A.UAS.Tag:V5}

(Pranoto et al., 2023)

N^ECN.UAS

ameliorates cancer

modeled by Src64B^UAS.cCa

(Enomoto et al., 2021)

N^{FLN.ΔCdc10.UAS}

ameliorates frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1

modeled by Zzzz\poly-GR^{80.UAS.Tag:FLAG}

(Li et al., 2020)

N^ICN.UAS

model of cancer

is ameliorated by CycE^HMS00060

(Wang et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by Dref^JF02232

(Wang et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by RPA1^GL00350

(Wang et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by SMC5^HMC04343

(Wang et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by fzr^GD9960

(Wang et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by mei-41^GL00284

(Wang et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by mre11^HMC02995

(Wang et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by stg^UAS.Tag:HA

(Wang et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by stg^RNAi.UAS.cUa

(Wang et al., 2021)

exacerbates cancer

modeled by Src64B^UAS.cCa

(Enomoto et al., 2021)

modeled by Hipk^UAS.Tag:HA

(Blaquiere et al., 2018)

exacerbates carcinoma

modeled by scrib¹

(Brumby and Richardson, 2003)

N^UAS.icd

model of central nervous system cancer

is ameliorated by hth^C1

(Zacharioudaki et al., 2016)

is exacerbated by mira^HMS00347

(Zacharioudaki et al., 2016)

is ameliorated by svp¹

(Zacharioudaki et al., 2016)

is ameliorated by hth^B2

(Zacharioudaki et al., 2016)

N^RNAi.P.UAS

model of intestinal cancer

is exacerbated by Cat^HMS00990

(Chen et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by Cat^UAS.cUa

(Chen et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by Sod2^HMS00499

(Chen et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by Sod2^UAS.cMa

(Chen et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by cnc^HMS00650

(Chen et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by cnc^UAS.cSa

(Chen et al., 2021)

ameliorates carcinoma

modeled by Vps25^A3

(Vaccari and Bilder, 2005)

N^fa-swb

ameliorates Parkinson's disease 1

modeled by Hsap\SNCA^UAS.cJa

(Rousseaux et al., 2018)

N^int.U.UAS

exacerbates carcinoma

modeled by l(2)gl^GD4047

(Jevitt et al., 2021)

model of central nervous system cancer

is ameliorated by gcm^{UAS.ORF.GW.Tag:HA}

(Magadi et al., 2020)

is ameliorated by zfh1^UAS.cPa

(Magadi et al., 2020)

N^intra.GS.UAS

ameliorates cancer

modeled by Pvr^{λ.UASp.Tag:MYC}

(Wang et al., 2023)

N^l1N-ts1

ameliorates brain cancer

modeled by aurA⁸⁸³⁹

(Wang et al., 2006)

ameliorates frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 7

modeled by Hsap\CHMP2B^Intron5.UAS

(Wilson et al., 2020)

N^nd-1

ameliorates Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia

modeled by Marcal1^UAS.cBa

(Morimoto et al., 2016)

N^nd-3

ameliorates Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia

modeled by Marcal1^UAS.cBa

(Morimoto et al., 2016)

N^{UAS.Tag:V5,Tag:polyHis}

model of brain cancer

is ameliorated by ND-49^HM05059

(Ojha et al., 2022)

is ameliorated by Scer\NDI1^UAS.cBa

(Ojha et al., 2022)

ameliorates frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1

modeled by Zzzz\poly-GR^{80.UAS.Tag:FLAG}

(Li et al., 2020)

modeled by Zzzz\poly-GA^{80.UAS.Tag:FLAG}

(Li et al., 2020)

modeled by Zzzz\poly-PR^{80.UAS.Tag:FLAG}

(Li et al., 2020)

model of cancer

is ameliorated by pix^{UAS.ORF.Tag:HA}

(Khaket et al., 2024)

is ameliorated by CG11414^HMJ23120

(Khaket et al., 2024)

is ameliorated by Cnot4^JF03203

(Khaket et al., 2024)

is ameliorated by SARS-CoV-2\nsp1^UAS.cZa

(Khaket et al., 2024)

is ameliorated by TER94^JF03402

(Khaket et al., 2024)

is ameliorated by pelo^KK101657

(Khaket et al., 2024)

is ameliorated by pelo^{UAS.ORF.GW.Tag:HA}

(Khaket et al., 2024)

is ameliorated by pix^JF01190

(Khaket et al., 2024)

N^JF01637

ameliorates carcinoma

modeled by l(2)gl^GD4047

(Chatterjee et al., 2023)

N^RNAi.UAS.cUa

model of intestinal cancer

is ameliorated by Smox^JF02320

(Ayyaz et al., 2015)

N^GD14477

model of intestinal cancer

is exacerbated by Pcmt^GD8637

(Banreti et al., 2022)

is exacerbated by Pcmt^RNAi.UAS

(Banreti et al., 2022)

ameliorates cancer

modeled by Src64B^UAS.cCa

(Enomoto et al., 2021)

model of colorectal cancer

is ameliorated by mir-277^UAS.cSa

(Zipper et al., 2022)

ameliorates brain cancer

modeled by Vps35^E42

(Li et al., 2018)

N^NICD.UASp

exacerbates carcinoma

modeled by l(2)gl^GD4047

(Chatterjee et al., 2023)

N^{sfGFP,Tag:FLAG}

ameliorates Adams-Oliver syndrome

modeled by Su(H)^T4

(Gagliani et al., 2022)

N^JF02959

ameliorates rhabdoid cancer

modeled by Snr1^HMS00363, BacA\p35^UAS.cHa

(Xie et al., 2017)

N^RNAi.lexAop

ameliorates carcinoma

modeled by Egfr^UAS.cBa, psq^KK111691

(Boukhatmi et al., 2020)

N^UAS.cGa

ameliorates autism spectrum disorder

modeled by Nrx-IV⁴³⁰⁴

(Grice et al., 2015)

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Genetic Tools, Stocks and Reagents

Sources of Stocks

Contact lab of origin for a reagent not available from a public stock center.

Bloomington Stock Center Disease Page

Related mammalian, viral, bacterial, or synthetic transgenes

Allele

Transgene

Publicly Available Stocks

Selected Drosophila transgenes

Allele

Transgene

Publicly Available Stocks

N^HD_CFD01184

P{HD_CFD01184}

P{hsFLP}1, y¹ w¹¹¹⁸; P{HD_CFD01184}attP40/CyO-GFP

P{hsFLP}12, y¹ w^*; P{UAS-N.ECN}2; MKRS/TM2

N^ICN.UAS

P{UAS-N.ICN}

N^{FLN.ΔCdc10.UAS}

P{UAS-N.FLNDeltaCdc10}

N^{UAS.Tag:V5,Tag:polyHis}

P{UAS-N.V5}

N^{sfGFP,Tag:FLAG}

PBac{N-GFP.FLAG}

y¹ w^*; PBac{N-GFP.FLAG}VK00033/TM6C, Sb¹

N^NICD.UASp

P{UASp-N.NICD}

RNAi constructs available

Allele

Transgene

Publicly Available Stocks

N^{RNAi.13xlexAop.cZa}

P{13xlexAop-N.RNAi.Z}

w^*; P{UAS-N.RNAi.P}9G

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD14477}v27228/TM3

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.JF02959}attP2

N^JF01637

P{TRiP.JF01637}

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.JF01637}attP2

N^JF01043

P{TRiP.JF01043}

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.JF01043}attP2

N^JF01053

P{TRiP.JF01053}

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.JF01053}attP2

N^JF01356

P{TRiP.JF01356}

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.JF01356}attP2

N^JF01693

P{TRiP.JF01693}

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.JF01693}attP2

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.HMS00001}attP2

N^HMS00009

P{TRiP.HMS00009}

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.HMS00009}attP2

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.GL00092}attP2

N^GLV21004

P{TRiP.GLV21004}

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.GLV21004}attP2

Selected Drosophila classical alleles

Allele

Allele class

Mutagen

Publicly Available Stocks

N^ETX52

amorphic allele - genetic evidence

Delta2-3 transposase

N^55e11

loss of function allele

spontaneous

N^55e11 P{neoFRT}19A/FM7c

N^fa-g

loss of function allele

spontaneous

w^a N^fa-g; Rho1^E3.10/CyO

N^264-40

amorphic allele - genetic evidence

X ray

w^a N^264-40 rb¹/C(1)DX, y¹ w¹ f¹; Dp(1;2)72c21/+

N^FE1

loss of function allele

X ray

N^l1N-ts1

ethyl methanesulfonate

y¹ N^l1N-ts1 g² f¹/C(1)DX, y¹ w¹ f¹

N^S-317

loss of function allele

ethyl methanesulfonate

N^l1N-2

amorphic allele - genetic evidence

gamma ray

N^FX9

loss of function allele

X ray

N^FE2

loss of function allele

X ray

N^FX8

loss of function allele

X ray

N¹

loss of function allele

y¹ w^* N¹/FM7c, P{GAL4-twi.G}108.4, P{UAS-2xEGFP}AX

N^FX4

loss of function allele

X ray

N^eU10

loss of function allele

ethyl methanesulfonate

N^eAS7b

loss of function allele

ethyl methanesulfonate

N^60g11

amorphic allele - genetic evidence

X ray

N^FX2

loss of function allele

X ray

N^XL86

loss of function allele

ethyl methanesulfonate

N²

loss of function allele

N^FX5

loss of function allele

X ray

N^FX7

loss of function allele

X ray

N^Yi66

loss of function allele

ethyl methanesulfonate

N^264-47

loss of function allele

X ray

N^264-39

loss of function allele

X ray

w^ch2 N^264-39/FM4, Bar⁺

N^X81K1

loss of function allele

N^fa-swb

X ray

w^a N^fa-swb

N³

loss of function allele

N^3b22

loss of function allele

ethyl methanesulfonate

N^FX6

loss of function allele

X ray

N^XK11

amorphic allele - genetic evidence

N^nd-1

loss of function allele

spontaneous

N^nd-1 rb¹

N^M1

loss of function allele

ethyl methanesulfonate

N^FX3

loss of function allele

X ray

N^FX1

loss of function allele

X ray

N^X114

loss of function allele

ethyl methanesulfonate

N^66l2

amorphic allele - genetic evidence

N^nd-3

X ray

N^nd-3 rb¹/C(1)DX, y¹ f¹

References (15)

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