FB2025_05 , released December 11, 2025
FB2025_05 , released December 11, 2025
CV Term Report
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General Information
Term dopaminergic PAL neuron ID (Ontology) FBbt:00100215 (Fly Anatomy)
Definition A dopaminergic neuron whose cell body is located in a cluster of approximately 5 cell bodies in the cortex located lateral to the dorsal portion of the vertical lobes in the middle of the superior lateral protocerebrum of the adult brain. It belongs to the DPLam primary lineage, but does not mature until the pupal stage (Hartenstein et al., 2017).[ FlyBase:FBrf0208427 FlyBase:FBrf0234128 ]
Also Known As "dopaminergic PAL1 neuron" ; "PAL" ; "PAL cluster neuron"
Comment Mao and Davis (2009) identify 8 protocerebral clusters coincidentally positive for TH-GAL4 activity and tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity, implying these cells are dopaminergic.
Links to External Ontologies
VFB:FBbt_00100215
Annotations
Records annotated with this term OR any of its CHILD TERMS
Records annotated with this exact term (annotations to child terms are NOT included)
Data Class Field Records
Alleles (FBal)  PHENOTYPE_MANIFEST_IN       9
Insertions (FBti)  PHENOTYPE_MANIFEST_IN       1
Constructs (FBtp)  PHENOTYPE_MANIFEST_IN       8
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 Full annotation statements 
Relevant FlyBase reports
 Alleles  Genes Insertions Constructs
 dopaminergic PAL neuron (all annotations which use CV term, excluding "NOT" statements)       9      2      1      1     25
     dopaminergic PAL neuron | adult stage       4       --       --       1      3
     dopaminergic PAL neuron | adult stage | chemical conditional       2       --       --       --       2
Spanning Tree (Parents/Children)
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neuron
 |__primary neuron___________________
dopaminergic neuron                  |
 |__adult dopaminergic neuron________|
adult aminergic neuron               |
 |__adult dopaminergic neuron________|
CNS neuron                           |
 |__supraesophageal ganglion neuron__|
adult CNS neuron                     |
 |__adult VLPd1 lineage neuron_______|
DPLam lineage neuron                 |
 |__adult VLPd1 lineage neuron_______|
                                     dopaminergic PAL neuron  79 rec.
                                      |__adult fruitless aSP4 neuron 16 rec.
                                      |   |__adult fruitless aSP4 (female) neuron 10 rec.
                                      |   |__adult fruitless aSP4 (male) neuron 16 rec.
                                      |__AOTU neuron of the dopaminergic PAL cluster 15 rec.
                                      |__LH-SMP neuron of the dopaminergic PAL cluster 3 rec.
                                      |__OL neuron of the dopaminergic PAL cluster
                                      |__SMP-PRW neuron of the dopaminergic PAL cluster 17 rec.
                                      |__VMNP-LO neuron of the dopaminergic PAL cluster 20 rec.
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Is a supraesophageal ganglion neuron
primary neuron
adult VLPd1 lineage neuron
adult dopaminergic neuron
Develops from immature dopaminergic PAL neuron
Part of adult brain
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Synonyms
  • "dopaminergic PAL1 neuron" EXACT[ FlyBase:FBrf0234128 ]
    "PAL" EXACT VFB_SYMBOL[ FlyBase:FBrf0208427 ]
    "PAL cluster neuron" EXACT
    "protocerebral anteriolateral dopaminergic cluster neuron" RELATED
    "protocerebral anterior lateral dopaminergic cluster neuron" RELATED
    "TH-positive anteriolateral cluster neuron" RELATED
Secondary IDs
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VFB:FBbt_00100215