rg¹ mutants exhibit significant memory impairment relative to wild-type flies at 3 minute, 30 minute and 3 hours after one-cycle training. This phenotype does not result from abnormal shock or odor avoidance.

rg¹ flies exhibit a 3 hour memory deficit in the absence of cold shock. When cold shock is applied at the second hour after one-cycle training, rg¹ mutants show a further reduced 3 hour memory. Interesting, this memory reduction is also seen in wild-type controls, indicating that the defective memory in rg^KG02343 mutants is part of labile memory.

24 hour memory is normal in rg¹ mutants subjected to massed or spaced training. Single rg¹ and rg¹/rg^KG02343 trans-heterozygotes display normal 24 hour memory after spaced training. Taken together, these results indicate that rg mutants have defective short-term memory but normal consolidated memory.

Immediate memory after massed training is lower in rg¹ mutants compared to wild-type. rg¹ mutants exhibit significant memory decay in the first 3 hours after spaced training (at 3 minutes and 3 hours) but display normal memory at later time points from 6 hours up to 24 hours.

Mutant flies show a significant reduction in aversive and appetitive memory compared to controls when assayed immediately after olfactory conditioning.

39% of mushroom body hemispheres have morphological defects in rg¹/Df(1)ovo41 females, while only 3% of mushroom body hemispheres have morphological defects in hemizygous males.

Hemizygous male third instar larvae have increased bouton numbers per muscle area at the neuromuscular junction compared to wild type.

rg¹ mutant flies exhibit reduced short term memory but normal long-term memory. Extinction learning appears to be normal in these mutants.

Eyes rough; wings thin, with margins somewhat frayed.

Pka-C1^H2, rg[+]/rg¹ has abnormal memory phenotype

Pka-C1[+]/Pka-C1^H2, rg¹ has abnormal memory phenotype