FB2025_05 , released December 11, 2025
FB2025_05 , released December 11, 2025
CV Term Report
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General Information
Term translation ID (Ontology) GO:0006412 (Gene Ontology)
Definition The cellular metabolic process in which a protein is formed, using the sequence of a mature mRNA or circRNA molecule to specify the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. Translation is mediated by the ribosome, and begins with the formation of a ternary complex between aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2, which subsequently associates with the small subunit of the ribosome and an mRNA or circRNA. Translation ends with the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome.
Also Known As "protein translation"
Comment
Links to External Ontologies
  QuickGO data     AmiGO data
Annotations
Records annotated with this term OR any of its CHILD TERMS
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Records annotated with this exact term (annotations to child terms are NOT included)
Data Class Field Records
Genes (FBgn)  GO_BIOLOGICAL_PROCESS     558
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 Full annotation statements 
Relevant FlyBase reports
 Gene Groups Genes
 translation (all annotations which use CV term, excluding "NOT" statements)       3    558
     involved_in | translation       --     556
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biosynthetic process
 |__macromolecule biosynthetic process__
macromolecule biosynthetic process      |
 |__protein biosynthetic process________|
gene expression                         |
 |__protein biosynthetic process________|
protein metabolic process               |
 |__protein biosynthetic process________|
macromolecule metabolic process         |
 |__macromolecule biosynthetic process__|
 |__protein metabolic process___________|
primary metabolic process               |
 |__protein metabolic process___________|
                                        translation  965 rec.
                                         |__cytoplasmic translation 210 rec.
                                         |   |__cytoplasmic alanyl-tRNA aminoacylation
                                         |   |__cytoplasmic translational elongation(+) 3 rec.
                                         |   |__cytoplasmic translational initiation(+) 22 rec.
                                         |   |__cytoplasmic translational termination(+) 2 rec.
                                         |   |__regulation of cytoplasmic translation(+) 13 rec.
                                         |__maintenance of translational fidelity 1 rec.
                                         |__mitochondrial translation 141 rec.
                                         |   |__mitochondrial translational elongation(+) 8 rec.
                                         |   |__mitochondrial translational initiation(+) 3 rec.
                                         |   |__mitochondrial translational termination 3 rec.
                                         |   |__regulation of mitochondrial translation(+) 9 rec.
                                         |   |__tRNA aminoacylation for mitochondrial protein translation(+) 6 rec.
                                         |__plastid translation
                                         |__regulation of translation 169 rec.
                                         |   |__circadian regulation of translation 1 rec.
                                         |   |__negative regulation of translation(+) 85 rec.
                                         |   |__positive regulation of translation(+) 47 rec.
                                         |   |__regulation of cytoplasmic translation(+) 13 rec.
                                         |   |__regulation of mitochondrial translation(+) 9 rec.
                                         |   |__regulation of oskar mRNA translation(+) 17 rec.
                                         |   |__regulation of translation at synapse(+) 2 rec.
                                         |   |__regulation of translation by machinery localization
                                         |   |__regulation of translation in response to stress(+) 2 rec.
                                         |   |__regulation of translation involved in anterior/posterior axis specification
                                         |   |__regulation of translation involved in cellular response to UV
                                         |   |__regulation of translation, ncRNA-mediated(+)
                                         |   |__regulation of translational elongation(+) 3 rec.
                                         |   |__regulation of translational initiation(+) 32 rec.
                                         |   |__regulation of translational termination(+) 3 rec.
                                         |   |__translational attenuation
                                         |   |__translational readthrough(+) 5 rec.
                                         |__regulation of translation by machinery localization
                                         |__translation at synapse
                                         |   |__translation at postsynapse
                                         |   |__translation at presynapse(+)
                                         |__translational elongation 37 rec.
                                         |   |__cytoplasmic translational elongation(+) 3 rec.
                                         |   |__mitochondrial translational elongation(+) 8 rec.
                                         |   |__regulation of translational elongation(+) 3 rec.
                                         |   |__rescue of stalled cytosolic ribosome(+) 12 rec.
                                         |   |__trans-translation
                                         |   |__translational frameshifting(+) 1 rec.
                                         |   |__translational readthrough(+) 5 rec.
                                         |__translational initiation 85 rec.
                                         |   |__cytoplasmic translational initiation(+) 22 rec.
                                         |   |__formation of translation initiation ternary complex(+) 1 rec.
                                         |   |__mitochondrial translational initiation(+) 3 rec.
                                         |   |__regulation of translational initiation(+) 32 rec.
                                         |__translational termination 13 rec.
                                         |   |__cytoplasmic translational termination(+) 2 rec.
                                         |   |__mitochondrial translational termination 3 rec.
                                         |   |__regulation of translational termination(+) 3 rec.
                                         |__tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation 43 rec.
                                             |__alanyl-tRNA aminoacylation(+) 3 rec.
                                             |__arginyl-tRNA aminoacylation(+) 3 rec.
                                             |__asparaginyl-tRNA aminoacylation(+) 2 rec.
                                             |__aspartyl-tRNA aminoacylation(+) 2 rec.
                                             |__cysteinyl-tRNA aminoacylation(+) 2 rec.
                                             |__glutaminyl-tRNA aminoacylation(+) 1 rec.
                                             |__glutamyl-tRNA aminoacylation(+) 2 rec.
                                             |__glycyl-tRNA aminoacylation(+) 1 rec.
                                             |__histidyl-tRNA aminoacylation(+) 1 rec.
                                             |__isoleucyl-tRNA aminoacylation(+) 2 rec.
                                             |__leucyl-tRNA aminoacylation(+) 2 rec.
                                             |__lysyl-tRNA aminoacylation(+) 1 rec.
                                             |__methionyl-tRNA aminoacylation(+) 2 rec.
                                             |__phenylalanyl-tRNA aminoacylation(+) 3 rec.
                                             |__prolyl-tRNA aminoacylation(+) 2 rec.
                                             |__seryl-tRNA aminoacylation(+) 3 rec.
                                             |__threonyl-tRNA aminoacylation(+) 1 rec.
                                             |__tRNA aminoacylation for mitochondrial protein translation(+) 6 rec.
                                             |__tryptophanyl-tRNA aminoacylation(+) 2 rec.
                                             |__tyrosyl-tRNA aminoacylation(+) 2 rec.
                                             |__valyl-tRNA aminoacylation(+) 2 rec.
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Is a macromolecule biosynthetic process
protein metabolic process
Part of protein biosynthetic process
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Synonyms
  • "protein translation" EXACT
Secondary IDs
hide External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Reactome:R-HSA-72766 "Translation"
Wikipedia:Translation_(genetics)