FB2025_05 , released December 11, 2025
FB2025_05 , released December 11, 2025
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Term C4 photosynthesis ID (Ontology) GO:0009760 (Gene Ontology)
Definition The combination of atmospheric CO2 with a 3-carbon molecule phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP) in the mesophyll cells to make a 4-carbon acid which is immediately converted to malic acid. The malic acid is then passed across to the bundle sheath cells where it is broken down again to pyruvic acid and CO2. The acid is passed back to the mesophyll cells to be used again, while the CO2 is fed into the reductive pentose-phosphate cycle (Calvin cycle) and converted into sugar and starch.[ ISBN:0816017360 ]
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metabolic process
 |__carbon fixation________________
photosynthesis                     |
 |__photosynthesis, dark reaction__|
carbohydrate biosynthetic process  |
 |__photosynthesis, dark reaction__|
                                   C4 photosynthesis
                                    |__NAD-malic enzyme C4 photosynthesis
                                    |__NADP-malic enzyme C4 photosynthesis
                                    |__PEP carboxykinase C4 photosynthesis
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Is a carbon fixation
photosynthesis, dark reaction
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Wikipedia:C4_carbon_fixation