When the original shock-odor testing system is modified by redesigning the choice chamber, homozygous and hemizygous mutants show about 60% of the control wild-type values when tested just post-training, but the mutant shows very rapid short-term and slower long-term memory losses.

Homozygous tur¹ flies are said to have a deficiency in (and possibly absence of) protein kinase C (PKC), but the lowered PKC levels and abnormal learning do not map to the same cytogenetic location.

Homozygotes or hemizygotes are blocked or impaired in learning, with respect to certain of the conditioning tests used on groups of flies or larvae or on individual adults, e.g. tests involving 'courtship conditioning'.

Flies show abnormally low habituation to sucrose stimuli applied to the tarsus. Homozygotes or hemizygotes are blocked or impaired in learning, with respect to certain of the conditioning tests used on groups of flies or larvae or on individual adults, e.g. tests involving habituation to sugar stimuli when applied to tarsus.

Homozygotes or hemizygotes are blocked or impaired in learning, with respect to certain of the conditioning tests used on groups of flies or larvae or on individual adults, e.g. tests involving leg-shock/leg-lift learning.

Homozygotes or hemizygotes are blocked or impaired in learning, with respect to certain of the conditioning tests used on groups of flies or larvae or on individual adults, e.g. tests involving olfactory 'shock-avoidance' learning.

Homozygotes or hemizygotes are blocked or impaired in learning, with respect to certain of the conditioning tests used on groups of flies or larvae or on individual adults, e.g. tests involving olfactory 'shock-avoidance' learning. tur¹/+ heterozygous females show seemingly normal levels of shock-odor conditioned behavior when tested immediately after training, but very rapid memory losses.