A Yp2 promoter drives Alup\AFP1.9 expression.
Expression of a fragment carrying Alup\AFP1.9 transcription unit and 3' untranslated sequences is driven by the Yp2 promoter from a fragment of the Yp1-Yp2 intergenic region.
Ice crystals in the haemolymph of P{YP1,2;wAFP2:YP1-3'} transgenic individuals grow into stable bipyramids. Ice crystals in nontransgenic individuals demonstrate unrestrained growth in the form of a circular plate. Adult survival trials at 0oC demonstrate that at 26 and 28 hours mortality of nontransgenic individuals is twice that seen in the transgenics, but there is no significant difference between the males and females of the transgenic line. Also males and females of the fly line Tm2 ry+ exhibit survival rates comparable to those of the transgenics at 0oC. These two lines of evidence suggest that the protective effect is not due to the transferred Alup\AFP1.5 and Alup\AFP1.9 genes.
In transgenic P{YP1,2;wAFP2} individuals ice crystals are needle-shaped during thermal hysteresis (0.1-0.35oC), ice in the haemolymph of untransformed individuals grows rapidly as a flat hexagonal crystal.
Female transgenic flies bearing the construct synthesize Alup\AFP1.9 and secrete it into their haemolymph, male transgenics produce no Alup\AFP1.9 and serve as controls.
Comparison of the level of mRNA produced by Alup\AFP1.5ΔIVS.Yp1 and Alup\AFP1.9Yp2.PR, a pair of transgenes transcribed in opposite orientations from the same promoter/enhancer region, suggests that the presence of intron sequences facilitate mRNA accumulation in Drosophila.