chromosome & primary spermatocyte
nucleus & spermatid
Mutant spermatocytes show a defect in both the ks-1 and kl-5 Y-loops, but not in the kl-3 Y-loop. The ks-1 loop is frequently either absent or strongly reduced and fragmented. Spermatids are defective, with large Nebenkern associated with macro- and micro-nuclei (suggesting a failure in both chromosome segregation and cytokinesis).
Defects are seen in male meiosis; chromatin fails to compact in prometaphase nuclei of primary spermatocytes and the chromatin is still undercondensed at later stages, although it eventually reaches a level of compaction similar to wild type. In addition, the spindle fibres lose their organisation.
ms(3)Z2203Z2203/Df(3R)by10 hemizygous males show the same phenotype as ms(3)Z2203Z2203 homozygotes.