FRT sites flanking the first coding exon (exon 5) have been introduced into the endogenous dpp gene, resulting in a conditional null allele in which dpp function can be disrupted by using FLP recombinase to excise this artificial FRT cassette. The FRT cassette also contains, upstream of the dpp first coding exon, a single loxP site (left after excision of the GFP-marker cassette present in dppFO-GFP).
Random induction (by a heat-shock) of dppFO mutant somatic clones early in larval development (48 hr after egg laying, AEL) leads to severely reduced wing disc size in third instar larvae, clone induction at later time in larval life (72 and 96 AEL) has less pronounced effect on wing disc growth. Using Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1-driven Scer\FLP1 to target the induction of dppFO mutant cells to the dpp expression domain in the wing disc has little effect on the disc size, gross morphology or cell proliferation (however, some residual expression of the dpp protein remains), but the patterning of the presumptive vein territories is disrupted. Wing discs consisting entirely from dppFO cells (by using combination of Scer\GAL4ci.PC and Scer\GAL4en-e16E drivers to induce the recombination event) are rudimentary and fail to grow, severe growth disruption is also observed when the induction of dppFO mutant cells is limited to the dorsal or anterior compartment or the wing pouch region (by using Scer\GAL4ap.PU or Scer\GAL4ci.PC or Scer\GAL4nub.PU-driven Scer\FLP1, respectively). Limiting also the time of dppFO clone induction in the anterior compartment by combining the Scer\GAL4ap.PU driver with tub-Gal80[ts] leads to most severe growth defects when the recombination is induced early in larval life but even late induction results in mildly reduced disc size.
Discs with the posterior compartment consisting of dppFO cells (using Scer\GAL4en-e16E-driven Scer\FLP1 expression) do not show any significant growth or patterning defects.