Amino acid replacement: G299R.
G19886840A
G?A
G299R | ninaE-PA
G299R
ninaEpp100/+ flies at 12 hours after eclosion exhibit a wild-type electroretinogram light response and a prolonged depolarizing afterpotential in response to blue light, while ninaEpp100/ninaEpp100 flies lack the prolonged depolarizing afterpotential. ninaEpp100/ninaE17 transheterozygotes also lack the prolonged depolarizing afterpotential.
ninaEpp100 mutants exhibit a dominant retinal degeneration phenotype that is enhanced in homozygotes. At 2 days of age, ninaEpp100/+ retina possess a few holes and reduced or missing rhabdomeres, while ninaEpp100/ninaEpp100 2-day-old retina exhibit an increased number of large intracellular vesicles, more ommatidial disorganization, and fewer rhabdomeres. At 10 days, ninaEpp100/+ retina exhibit degenerating R1-R6 photoreceptors and phagocytosed photoreceptors, while ninaEpp100/ninaEpp100 ommatidia contain a greater level of R1-R6 rhabdomeres disorganization and many large intracellular vesicles. This retinal degeneration is enhanced when flies are kept in constant light, compared to in constant darkness.
ninaEpp100/ninaE17 transheterozygotes show a retinal degeneration phenotype that is similar to that of ninaEpp100/ninaEpp100 homozygotes. In contrast, ninaEpp100/ninaED1 transheterozygotes do not show retinal degeneration, even when reared in constant light.
Light-induced currents of ninaEpp100/ninaEpp100 photoreceptor cells, measured at a time before the onset of retinal degeneration, exhibit a highly reduced sensitivity to light relative to wild-type flies. 58% of ninaEpp100 pupal photoreceptors possess inward and outward rectifying currents in response to voltage steps in the dark, while wild-type photoreceptors exhibit only small leak currents in the dark.
Heterozygotes show rapid light-independent retinal degeneration.
ninaEpp100 has increased cell death phenotype, suppressible | partially by Gαq1
ninaEpp100 has increased cell death phenotype, suppressible by Arr25/Gαq1
ninaEpp100 has abnormal neurophysiology | recessive phenotype, suppressible | partially by Arr25
ninaEpp100 has increased cell death phenotype, suppressible | partially by Arr25
ninaEpp100 has increased cell death phenotype, suppressible | partially by norpAP24
ninaEpp100 has increased cell death phenotype, suppressible | partially by trp2
ninaEpp100 has retina phenotype, suppressible | partially by Arr25
ninaEpp100 has rhabdomere phenotype, suppressible | partially by Arr25
ninaEpp100 has retina phenotype, suppressible | partially by norpAP24
ninaEpp100 has retina phenotype, suppressible | partially by trp2
ninaEpp100 has retina phenotype, suppressible | partially by Gαq1
ninaEpp100 has retina phenotype, suppressible by Arr25/Gαq1
Light-induced currents of Arr25, ninaEpp100 double mutant photoreceptor cells show a large increase in light sensitivity relative to ninaEpp100 cells, the sensitivity is significantly less than wild-type cells. Arr25, ninaEpp100 photoreceptors produce anomalous constitutive currents in the dark, like ninaEpp100 single mutant photoreceptors. In Arr25, ninaEpp100 double mutants, retinal degeneration is significantly slowed but not abolished, when flies are kept in either constant light or constant darkness.
In norpA36; ninaEpp100 and ninaEpp100, trp2 double mutants, retinal degeneration is delayed but not prevented, relative to ninaEpp100 single mutants.
Gα49B1; ninaEpp100 double mutant flies show a significant rescue of the ninaEpp100 retinal degeneration phenotype to the levels of Gα49B1 single mutants.
Gα49B1; Arr25, ninaEpp100 triple mutants show a suppression of the retinal degeneration phenotypes seen in ninaEpp100 single mutants. The triple mutants exhibit only very minor rhabdomeric abnormalities after 40 days.