FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Human Disease Model Report: diabetes mellitus type 1, environmental toxin-induced
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General Information
Name
diabetes mellitus type 1, environmental toxin-induced
FlyBase ID
FBhh0001137
Disease Ontology Term
Parent Disease
OMIM
Overview

Dichlorvos (2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate; DDVP) is an organophosphate pesticide used commonly in the United States. Adult exposure to DDVP has been linked with hyperglycemia in human, rats, and fish, and to glucose intolerance in rats.

Flies exposed to DDVP throught development show gluose and trehalose levels increased to diabetic levels in hemolymph and tissue samples, along with increased triglyceride and free fatty acid levels. DDVP exposure causes insulin deficiency, as seen by dysregulation of genes including InR, foxo, and insulin-like peptides (gene group: FBgg0000048) in a manner consistent with models of insulin-dependent type 1 diabetes (FBhh0000479). Levels of activated caspsases were also increased in DDVP exposed flies, suggesting that DDVP induces apoptotic cell death as well.

Exposure to atrazine, has been found to cause a diabetes mellitus type 2-like phenotype in flies, see FBhh0001138.

[updated November 2019 by FlyBase; FBrf0222196]

Disease Summary Information
Disease Summary: diabetes mellitus type 1, environmental toxin-induced
OMIM report
Human gene(s) implicated
Symptoms and phenotype
Genetics
Cellular phenotype and pathology

In Drosophila, ablation of insulin-producing cells (IPCs) or deficiency of ILPs 1-5 leads to the recapitulation of hallmarks of type 1 diabetes, including elevated circulating glucose levels, reduced metabolic activity and starvation response resulting in decreased levels of triglycerides and premature activation of autophagy. (Gupta et al. 2019 and references therein, FBrf0243289.)

(FlyBase Curators, 2013-)
Molecular information
External links
    Disease synonyms
    Ortholog Information
    Human gene(s) in FlyBase
      Other mammalian ortholog(s) used
        D. melanogaster Gene Information (0)
        Other Genes Used: Viral, Bacterial, Synthetic (0)
          Summary of Physical Interactions (0 groups)
          Alleles Reported to Model Human Disease (Disease Ontology) (0 alleles)
          Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
          Genetic Tools, Stocks and Reagents
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          Contact lab of origin for a reagent not available from a public stock center.
          Bloomington Stock Center Disease Page
          Related mammalian, viral, bacterial, or synthetic transgenes
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          Transgene
          Publicly Available Stocks
          Selected Drosophila transgenes
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          Publicly Available Stocks
          RNAi constructs available
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          Publicly Available Stocks
          Selected Drosophila classical alleles
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          References (2)