FB2026_03 , released September 17, 2026
Aberration: Dmel\In(3R)P
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General Information
Symbol
In(3R)P
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Inversion (3R) of Payne
FlyBase ID
FBab0005639
Feature type
chromosomal_inversion
Also Known As
In(3R)Payne
Computed Cytological Breakpoints (relative to progenitor)

89C2-89C3;96A18-96A19

Features within 89B16--96A19 (Estimated cytology)
Genomic Maps
Sequenced Breakpoints (relative to progenitor)
3R:16,432,209..16,432,209 (In(3R)P:bk1)
(Corbett-Detig and Hartl, 2012)
3R:24,744,010..24,744,010 (In(3R)P:bk2)
(Corbett-Detig and Hartl, 2012)
Member of large scale dataset(s)
Nature of Aberration
Cytological Order
Progenitor
Mutagen
spontaneous
natural population
(Matzkin et al., 2005, Campos et al., 2000, Inoue and Igarashi, 1994, Inoue et al., 1994, Das and Singh, 1991, Das and Singh, 1990, Singh and Das, 1990, Choi et al., 1984, Knibb et al., 1981, Ashburner and Lemeunier, 1976, Pipkin et al., 1976, Stalker, 1976, Zacharopoulou, 1974)
Class of aberration (relative to wild type)
chromosomal_inversion
(FlyBase, 2007)
Class of aberration (relative to progenitor)
chromosomal_inversion
(Sniegowski and Charlesworth, 1994, Zabalou et al., 1994, Eanes et al., 1992, Taberner and Gonzalez, 1991, Singh and Das, 1990, Choi et al., 1984, Knibb et al., 1981, Inoue and Watanabe, 1979, Ashburner and Lemeunier, 1976, Pipkin et al., 1976, Stalker, 1976, Zacharopoulou, 1974)
Cytological Breakpoints (relative to progenitor)

89D;96A

(Zabalou et al., 1994, Zacharopoulou, 1974)

89C;96A

(Taberner and Gonzalez, 1991, Singh and Das, 1990, Choi et al., 1984, Knibb et al., 1981, Pipkin et al., 1976, Stalker, 1976)

89C2-89C3;96A18-96A19

(Sniegowski and Charlesworth, 1994, Ashburner and Lemeunier, 1976)

89C-89D;96A

(Inoue and Watanabe, 1979)

89C2-89C3;96A1-96A9

(Eanes et al., 1992)
Causes alleles
CG31279P
(Matzkin et al., 2005)
tldP
(Matzkin et al., 2005)
tokP
(Matzkin et al., 2005)
Carries alleles
l(3)LVMR1
(Craymer, 1980)
l(3)PR1
(Craymer, 1980)
Transposon Insertions
Formalized genetic data
Genetic mapping information
Comments
Comments on Cytology

The breakpoints in In(3R)P are not simple cut-and-paste structures; gene fragments and small duplications of DNA are associated with both breaks. The distal breakpoint of In(3R)P breaks the tok gene and the proximal breakpoint of In(3R)P breaks the CG31279 gene and the tld gene. Functional copies of all three genes are found at the opposite breakpoints. In(3R)P may have arisen by inversion of a region of a Standard (St) chromosome and replacement of a smaller chromosomal region of its sister chromosome. this would have resulted in duplication of the regions flanking both breakpoints and prevented the fragmentation of genes at the breakpoints being lethal mutations.

(Matzkin et al., 2005)

All limits from polytene analysis (FBrf0029349)

Sequence Crossreferences
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank
DNA sequence
Protein sequence
Gene Deletion and Duplication Data
Genes Deleted / Disrupted
Complementation Data
Completely deleted / disrupted
Partially deleted / disrupted
Molecular Data
Completely deleted
Partially deleted
Genes NOT Deleted / Disrupted
Complementation Data
 
ld
(Curry, 1939)
Molecular Data
 
Genes Duplicated
Complementation Data
Completely duplicated
Partially duplicated
Molecular Data
Completely duplicated
Partially duplicated
Genes NOT Duplicated
Complementation Data
 
Molecular Data
 
Affected Genes Inferred by Location (0)
    If no genes are listed here, it may be because the affected region is very large. The JBrowse insert above may show an error for the same reason, and other FlyBase tools such as CytoSearch may also fail for large regions. You can contact FlyBase for more help.
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    Phenotypic Data
    In combination with other aberrations
    NOT in combination with other aberrations

    Homozygous viable.

    (Matzkin et al., 2005)

    Crossing over reduced in heterozygous females to 1% between p and sr, none between sr and ro and 0.5% between ro and ca.

    Stocks (26)
    Notes on Origin
    Discoverer

    Payne, July 1917.

     

    One of 16 polymorphic inversions identified in the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) freeze 2 lines.

    (Huang et al., 2014)

    Reported for an Indian population.

    (Das and Singh, 1990)

    Cosmopolitan inversion. Isolation: Aleman, Mexico. Isolation: Cordaba, Mexico.

    (Pipkin et al., 1976)

    Recovered as: Cosmopolitan inversion.

    (Stalker, 1976)

    Isolation: Koleika, Greece.

    (Zacharopoulou, 1974)

    widespread

    Balancer / Genotype Variants of the Aberration
     
    Separable Components
     
    Other Comments
     

    In(3L)P (63B8-9;72E1-2) and In(3R)P (89C2-3;96A18-19) are found on the same chromosome in natural populations. At least three symbols have been given to this combination of inversions: "C(3)x" (no additional markers; also known as In(3LR)C3x or just C3x), "LVM" (with markers l(3)LVML[1] pe[1] l(3)LVMR[1] Po[LVM]), and "Payne" (no additional markers).

    (Parks and Cook, 2026.8.6)

    Often combined with another inversion on the opposite chromosome arm to produce a full chromosome balancer.

    (FlyBase Curators, 2006-)

    Naturally occurring inversions have been categorised into classes according to their geographical distribution and frequencies, In(3R)P belongs to the common Cosmopolitan class.

    (Inoue et al., 1994)

    In(3R)P increases the rate of recombination at the base of the X chromosome, but does not affect the rate of recombination at the tip of the X chromosome.

    (Sniegowski et al., 1994)

    Common cosmopolitan inversion.

    (Inoue and Igarashi, 1994, Das and Singh, 1991, Singh and Das, 1990, Zacharopoulou and Pelecanos, 1980)

    In(3R)P inversion polymorphism is maintained by strong balancing selection involving a heterozygous advantage.

    (Zuzick and Dapkus, 1994)

    Distribution in Indian populations studied.

    (Das and Singh, 1991)

    Common cosmopolitan inversion. The distribution of this inversion in two populations from Valencia, Spain (one from a cellar and one from a vineyard) has been studied.

    (Taberner and Gonzalez, 1991)

    Cosmopolitan inversion.

    (Villar et al., 1991)

    Common cosmopolitan inversion (based on Australasian frequencies of distribution).

    (Knibb et al., 1981)

    Widespread in laboratory stocks and is part of the balancers, LVM and C(3)x. Also found in many wild populations (e.g., Warters, 1944, Texas Univ. Publ. 4445: 129-74; Oshima and Watanabe, 1965, D. I. S. 40: 88; Ashburner and Lemeunier, 1976, Proc. R. Soc. London, B 193: 137-57; Stalker, 1976, Genetics 82: 323-47; Choi, 1977, D. I. S. 52: 88; 1977, Genetica 47: 155-60; Knibb, 1982, Genetica 58: 213-21).

    Synonyms and Secondary IDs (15)
    References (68)