Flies expressing upAct88F.PM are completely unable to fly. Ultrastructurally, the indirect flight muscles of pupae and 1 day old adults show severe abnormalities. There is an almost complete absence of thin filaments, although in longitudinal section, thick filaments associated into myofibril-like structures with Z-discs and occasional M-lines are seen. A high percentage of the myofibrils have incomplete Z-discs and M-lines. Sarcomere length is variable and myofibril diameter is decreased. Swollen sarcoplasmic reticulum-like structures are often seen. The degree of muscle degeneration is variable, even within the same fly.