FB2026_03 , released September 17, 2026
CV Term Report
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General Information
Term adult proventriculus ID (Ontology) FBbt:00003139 (Fly Anatomy)
Definition Bulb-shaped organ at the junction of the foregut and midgut that regulates the passage of food into the midgut. The proventriculus folds back on itself to produce three epithelial layers: internally the posterior region of the esophagus, an intermediate (recurrent) layer, derived from the ectodermal foregut and the midgut, and an external anterior projection of the endodermal midgut, which grows over the esophageal region. The inner two layers form the gastric valve (cardial valve) while the outer layer is defined as the wall of the proventriculus. The cuticle that lines the inner wall is thicker than other regions in the cardia, and it forms several longitudinal folds, causing the esophageal lumen to appear irregular in cross section. Between the inner and intermediate layers is the hilus which contains muscle in a fibrous extracellular matrix. Between the intermediate and outer wall is the cardia lumen, which opens posteriorly into the lumen of the midgut. The anterior region secretes the peritrophic membrane into the cardia lumen.[ FlyBase:FBrf0007732 FlyBase:FBrf0007735 FlyBase:FBrf0048518 FlyBase:FBrf0064792 ]
Also Known As"adult cardia"
CommentThis structure is more correctly referred to as the 'cardia'. Strictly, proventriculus refers to a modification of the foregut, just anterior to the stomodeal valve, found in many insects. Drosophila has no such foregut modification (Miller, 1950). However, the term 'proventriculus' is the one most commonly used for this structure, derived from both the foregut and midgut.
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Data ClassFieldDirect annotations
Alleles (FBal)PHENOTYPE_MANIFEST_IN
Insertions (FBti)EXPRESSION_STAGE_TISSUE_POSITION
Insertions (FBti)PHENOTYPE_MANIFEST_IN
Constructs (FBtp)PHENOTYPE_MANIFEST_IN
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 adult proventriculus (all annotations which use CV term, excluding "NOT" statements)
     adult proventriculus | conditional
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multi-tissue structure
 |__proventriculus______
gut                     |
 |__adult gut___________|
gut section             |
 |__proventriculus______|
adult alimentary canal  |
 |__adult gut___________|
                        adult proventriculus  86 rec.
                         |__adult cardial muscle cell
                         |__adult cardial valve 8 rec.
                         |   |__adult cardial valve muscle cell
                         |__adult midgut cell of proventriculus
                         |   |__adult proventriculus zone 4 epithelial cell
                         |   |__adult proventriculus zone 5 epithelial cell
                         |   |__adult proventriculus zone 5.5 epithelial cell
                         |   |__adult proventriculus zone 6 epithelial cell
                         |__adult proventriculus epithelium 16 rec.
                             |__adult proventriculus epithelial cell(+) 16 rec.
                             |__adult proventriculus epithelial zone 1(+)
                             |__adult proventriculus epithelial zone 2(+)
                             |__adult proventriculus epithelial zone 3(+)
                             |__adult proventriculus epithelial zone 4(+)
                             |__adult proventriculus epithelial zone 5(+)
                             |__adult proventriculus epithelial zone 5.5(+)
                             |__adult proventriculus epithelial zone 6(+)
                             |__adult proventriculus inner layer
                             |__adult proventriculus intermediate layer(+)
                             |__adult proventriculus outer layer(+)
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Is a proventriculus
Part of adult gut
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